• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.256-256
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• 2015

이산화 바나듐 ($VO_2$)은 340 K 임계온도를 기점으로 금속-절연체 상전이를 통해 전기적, 광학적 특성이 가역적으로 변하는 물질로 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 낮은 가시광 투과율과 비선호적인 색상(황갈색)으로 인해 열변색 스마트 창호응용과 관련하여 해결해야 할 문제로 남아있다. 본 연구에서는 상기 문제를 해결하고자 고분자 나노 구 템플릿을 응용하여 2차원의 벌집구조를 갖는 $VO_2$ 박막을 졸 겔 방법을 통해 제작하였으며 가시광 투과율 향상을 유도하였다. 나노 구의 지름과 코팅조건에 따라 구조변화를 유도하였으며 FE-SEM과 AFM을 통해 박막의 구조적 변화를 측정하였다. 결과로부터 나노 구의 역상모양을 갖는 박막이 형성 되었으며 직경에 따라 패턴 간격이 확연하게 변화되었음을 확인 하였다. 나노 구가 위치하고 있던 자리로부터 빈 공간형성을 유도할 수 있었으며 이는 가시광 투과율향상에 직접적 영향을 주었다. 또한 상기 패턴화된 $VO_2$ 박막은 광학 스위칭 효율을 유지하면서 주기적 패턴으로부터 시각적으로 광결정유도를 통한 미적 시너지를 보였며 본 연구로부터 $VO_2$기반 스마트 창호 응용에 많은 기여가 기대된다.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.9
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• pp.151-170
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• 2010

As an art group, De Stijl (1917-1931) led a total art movement encompassing painting, sculpture, design, and architecture. Among these, architecture, as a model of the total art pursued by the group, was encapsulated by the term 'plastic architecture.' The term reflects architecture's shared features with plastic art, especially its pictorial characteristics. Firstly, De Stijl architecture shares geometric form with painting. Assembled in simple, clear and rational structures, the geometric forms signified universal forms, and extended the pictorial experimentation that Mondrian exercised through Neo-Plasticism to architecture. Constructed with colour fields made of concrete wall, De Stijl architecture is geometric abstract painting embodied in space. Together with such pictorial characteristics, large plate glass windows, narrow window frames, and cantilever structure minimize the building's visual weight. De Stijl architecture, which appears suspended in the air, is an architectural version of the abstract paintings of the era that revealed unknown spaces beyond perspective. De Stijl architecture is also an 'open' architecture, where the units placed as if radiating from the center form relations with each other flexibly and organically. The observer in such a space is encouraged to experience space within time, as his/her physical and visual mobility and extension are maximized. De Stijl architecture is an example of how the time-space continuum, represented within picture frame through Cubism, Futurism, and abstract art, can be realized in space. By transforming the ideal space of painting into real space in this way, 'plastic architecture' turned out to be an architectural manifestation of the utopianism of the era, aimed at building a society in 'perfect harmony.' However, such rationalism and universalism are not free from the violence of totalization that deletes various differences. This is evident in the history that followed as the geometric form of architecture and urban planning proliferated across the globe, engulfing the diverse natural landscapes and local cultures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

This project is mainly related to evaluation of total energy consumption of low energy house, the exterior envelope of which was wholly composed of structural insulated panels(SIP). The U-value of applied SIP was in the range of 0.189 to $0.269W/m^2{\cdot}K$ and the U-value of pair glass from 0.78 to $1.298W/m^2{\cdot}K$ was applied for window dependent to its function respectively. For comparison of total energy performance, the energy simulation for pilot house was performed to compare with the control house having insulation criteria of Korean building regulation in 2009. Based on simulation of dynamic energy performance, the pilot house saved 48.3% of annual energy consumption while the control house in 2009 consumed as 85.7GJ/y. In case of heating, the result showed that the energy saving ratio amounted to 76.7%. For $CO_2$ emission, the pilot house diminished approximately 35.4% from $6,208.4kgCO_2$ to $4,009.2kgCO_2$. In payback period to early investment, it was analyzed the pilot house took 7.8 years, when the low energy house built by other insulation method with same thermal perfusion took 11.5 years. From this result, it is considered that the SIP is more effective, economic to Green Home application.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

Local wall thinning is a point of concern in almost all steel structures such as pipe lines covered with a thermal insulator made up of materials with low thermal conductivity(fiberglass or mineral wool); hence, Non Destructive Technique(NDT) methods that are capable of detecting the wall thinning and defects without removing the insulation are necessary. In this study we developed a Pulsed Eddy Current(PEC) system to detect the wall thinning of Ferro magnetic steel pipes covered with fiber glass thermal insulator and shielded with Aluminum plate. The developed system is capable of detecting the wall thickness change through an insulation of thickness 10cm and 0.4mm aluminum shielding. In order to confirm the thickness change due to wall thinning, two different sensors, a hall sensor and coil sensor were used as a detecting element. In both cases, the results show a very good change corresponding to the thickness change of the test specimen. During these experiments a carbon steel tube of diameter 210mm and a length of 620mm, which is covered with insulator of 95mm thickness was used. To simulate the wall thinning, the thickness of the tube is changed for a specified length such as 2.5mm, 5mm and 8 mm from the inner surface of the tube. A 0.4mm thick Aluminum plate was covered on the Test specimen to simulate the shielding of the insulated pipelines. For both hall sensor and coil detection methods Fast Fourier transform(FFT) was calculated using window approach and the results for the test specimen without Aluminum shielding were summarized which shows a clear identification of thickness change in the test specimen by comparing the magnitude spectra. The PEC system can detect the wall thinning under the 95 mm thickness insulation and 0.4 mm Al shielding, and the output signal showed linear relation with tube wall thickness.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 1992

Indium tin oxide(ITO) films coated on the window glass selectively transmit the solar energy and infrared. We call this system passive solar collectors. Selectively absorbing properties of sol gel dip coated ITO films were characterized by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The effects of heat treating temperature, time, atmosphere, substrate and barrier layers are concerned. Indium tin oxide films heat-treated at $500^{\circ}C$ in a reducing atmosphere show intrinsic properties. Efficiency of solar energy transmittance was enhanced by coating of $SiO_2-ZrO_2$ as an alkali ion barrier layer. Energy was saved by the double layers of $SiO_2-ZrO_2$ and ITO since solar energy is transmitted and heat generated inside(${\lambda}$ > 2700nm) is reflected.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

Current Architectural Facade Designs have been trending to increased glass areas resulting in increasing impact on interior lighting and daylighting. In regards to indoor environmental quality, the increase in window space has a large impact on the daylighting received which ultimately impacts the liveability of a space. Especially when considering seasons, in the summer, excessive daylighting can result in glare as well as put an increased load in conditioning the air space further reducing energy efficiency. As a result, in order to improve the sustainability performance of a building, it is important to limit the natural lighting exposure to properly meet the needs and conditions of the building occupants. One of the most representative features to limit excessive sunlight exposure, is to incorporate operable blind systems. To this end, this research has been based on simulations performance through the Radiance Program. Radiance is capable of analyzing performance of daylight and impact of sunlight. Through analysis of different slat angles and blind shapes, impact and minimization of energy usage was evaluated. Furthermore, seasonal analysis was performed in order to understand the effects of seasonal climate factors. Ultimately this research provides an analysis of operable blinds optimization and effects of blind shape, control factors and angle of shading.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.423-428
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• 2017

In this study, the calculation of the effective spatial dose distribution of the diagnostic imaging laboratory of K university was performed by the Monte Carlo simulation. The radiation generator has a maximum tube voltage of 150 kVp and a maximum current of 700 mA. Using the results, we compared the spatial effective dose distributions of diagnostic imaging laboratory when the shielding door was closed and opened. In conclusion, it was found that the effective dose in the operating room of the diagnostic imaging laboratory does not exceed the annual dose limit (6 mSv/y) of the student (occasional visitor) even when the door is opened. However, since the effective dose when the door is open is about 16 times higher in front of the lead glass window and about 3,000 times higher in front of the doorway than the case when the door is closed, closing the shielding door at the time of the practical exercising reduces unnecessary radiation exposure by great extent.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.125-134
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• 2011

Art Deco is a decorative and eclectic design style, popularized at the interwar period. The term Art Deco derives from the Exposition Internationale des Arts D$\acute{e}$coratils et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925. The aim of the exposition was to create new modern aesthetics. This exposition introduced the modern decorative and industrial art to the world and influenced all designers of area, including architects, interior designers, industrial designers, craftsmen, fashion designers, etc. Art Deco designers applied inspirations from a variety of sources and movements such as the Cubist abstract, the Neoclassical refinement, Egyptian exotic elements, Babylonian and Aztec temples, the machine aesthetic, avant-garde movements, etc to their modern works. Art Deco style rapidly spread all over the design areas nationwide in America. In Art Deco architecture, in particular, its inception was French but its domination was American. Skyscrapers, airplanes, automobiles, ocean liners, jazz, Hollywood film, streamline, and native Indian symbols are the defining features of American Art Deco. This study began from questions on how these features are expressed and stylized to decoration elements as the modern aesthetics in American Art Deco architecture. Thus, the purpose of the study is to find out the ornamental and eclectic factors of Art Deco style and to define a concept of the modernity and the regionalism of Art Deco architecture in America. This article provides an overview of the decoration style of Art Deco architecture in America through the analysis of ornamental and eclectic factors reflecting diverse roots. It also analyzes the wide variety of building examples of American Art Deco which represent regionalism. In addition, this study focuses on Art Deco architecture in Miami, Florida. Miami is one of typical cities that has the most unique regional aspects of 1920's to 1940's in Art Deco architecture. Miami Art Deco architecture reveals the tropical and nautical references such as streamlined and curved walls, exotic animal motifs, flora and fauna motifs, and marine motifs: use of glass block, porthole window, terra-cotta, and pastel color stucco.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

Generally, There is to install fire resist shutter or to compart between the office room and the atrium in the atrium buildings in Korea. But, Glass wall that is installed sprinkler which purpose to protect it from fire, is already installed between the office room and the atrium in the advanced nations. We study this problem as follow; We made the fire scenario, and analyze each scenario using FASTLite is fire modeling software and BREAK1 is to predict the window breakage time in the compartment fire. In this study, we can decide that fire compartmentalization between atrium and office rooms doesn't require in Atrium building if the material and fire protection system were reliable. Consequently, Korean Fire Protection Regulations have to consider in direction of increasing freedom of building.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the energy saving and cost benefit analysis of the Low-income Energy Efficiency Treatment Program supported by KOREF(Korea Energy Foundation). This program was launched in 2007 and performs building energy retrofit for the low-income and energy poverty houses. Method: Energy simulation and cost benefit analysis were accomplished for the low-income detached houses. The structure of detached house was a lot og block structure, wood frame (single glass) and concrete roof. Baseline model of the low-income detached houses was proposed. Result: Annual heating energy consumptions were decreased by about 3.2% with the window system replacement(Case 1), 9.3% with reinforcement of insulation(Case2), and 12.5% with both(Case 3) compared to those of baseline model. The construction cost will be recouped within 5 years for the Case 1, 3 years for the Case 2, and 3 years for the Case 3. Case 3 was the most cost beneficient construction method in the analyzed cases in this study.