• 제목/요약/키워드: ginseng-field soil

검색결과 182건 처리시간 0.032초

Diversity, distribution, and antagonistic activities of rhizobacteria of Panax notoginseng

  • Fan, Ze-Yan;Miao, Cui-Ping;Qiao, Xin-Guo;Zheng, You-Kun;Chen, Hua-Hong;Chen, You-Wei;Xu, Li-Hua;Zhao, Li-Xing;Guan, Hui-Lin
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • 제40권2호
    • /
    • pp.97-104
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: Rhizobacteria play an important role in plant defense and could be promising sources of biocontrol agents. This study aimed to screen antagonistic bacteria and develop a biocontrol system for root rot complex of Panax notoginseng. Methods: Pure-culture methods were used to isolate bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of notoginseng plants. The identification of isolates was based on the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences. Results: A total of 279 bacteria were obtained from rhizosphere soils of healthy and root-rot notoginseng plants, and uncultivated soil. Among all the isolates, 88 showed antagonistic activity to at least one of three phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Phoma herbarum mainly causing root rot disease of P. notoginseng. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, the antagonistic bacteria were characterized into four clusters, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetesi. The genus Bacillus was the most frequently isolated, and Bacillus siamensis (Hs02), Bacillus atrophaeus (Hs09) showed strong antagonistic activity to the three pathogens. The distribution pattern differed in soil types, genera Achromobacter, Acidovorax, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Flavimonas, and Streptomyces were only found in rhizosphere of healthy plants, while Delftia, Leclercia, Brevibacillus, Microbacterium, Pantoea, Rhizobium, and Stenotrophomonas only exist in soil of diseased plant, and Acinetobacter only exist in uncultivated soil. Conclusion: The results suggest that diverse bacteria exist in the P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil, with differences in community in the same field, and antagonistic isolates may be good potential biological control agent for the notoginseng root-rot diseases caused by F. oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Panax herbarum.

Penicillium koreense sp. nov., Isolated from Various Soils in Korea

  • You, Young-Hyun;Cho, Hye Sun;Song, Jaekyeong;Kim, Dae-Ho;Houbraken, Jos;Hong, Seung-Beom
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제24권12호
    • /
    • pp.1606-1608
    • /
    • 2014
  • During an investigation of the fungal diversity of Korean soils, four Penicillium strains could not be assigned to any described species. The strains formed monoverticillate conidiophores with occasionally a divaricate branch. The conidia were smooth or finely rough-walled, globose to broadly ellipsoidal and $2.5-3.5{\times}2.0-3.0{\mu}m$ size. Their taxonomic novelty was determined using partial ${\beta}$-tubulin gene sequences and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates belonged to section Lanata-Divaricata and were most closely related to Penicillium raperi. Phenotypically, the strains differed from P. raperi in having longer and thicker stipes and thicker phialides. Strain KACC $47721^T$ from bamboo field soil was designated as the type strain of the new species, and the species was named Penicillium koreense sp. nov., as it was isolated from various regions in Korea.

인삼포상토(人蔘圃床土)의 화학적(化學的) 성상(性狀)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (On the Chemical Properties of Nursery Soil in Cultivation of Panax ginseng)

  • 임선욱
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • 제18권2호
    • /
    • pp.65-70
    • /
    • 1975
  • 약용식물(藥用植物)인 인삼(人蔘)의 재배(栽培)에 있어서는 여러 가지 특수성(特殊性)이 전래(傳來)되어 오고있다. 인삼(人蔘)은 묘기(苗期)로부터 수확기(收穫期)까지 영양(營養)의 요구성(要求性)이 특수(特殊)하여 상토(床土)의 조제(諸製) 및 본포(本圃)에서의 영양공급(營養供給)을 주(主)로 ‘약토’(藥土)에 의존(依存)하고 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 인삼재배포(人蔘栽培圃) 토양(土壤)의 특성(特性)과 약토(藥土)의 성상(性狀)에 대(對)하여 화학적(化學的) 측면(側面)에서 검토(檢討)한 것이다. 묘상토(苗床土)는 토성(土性)이 심(甚)히 거칠며 비옥도(肥沃度)가 몹시 낮고 미숙(未熟)한 원야토(原野土)에 약토(藥土)를 혼합(混合)하여 육묘(育苗)하므로 약토(藥土)의 조성(組成)과 성상(性狀)이 인삼묘(人蔘苗)에 대(對)하여 매우 중요(重要)한 성장요인(生長要因)이 되고 있다. 약토(藥土)는 활엽수엽(闊葉樹葉)을 약간(若干) 부숙(腐熟)시켜 주재(主材)로한 혼성유기물질(混成有機物質)로서 그의 조구성상태(粗構成狀態)를 분석검토(分析檢討)하했고 또한 그의 용해성(溶解性)에 따라 분획(分劃)하였다. 각(各) 획분별(劃分別)로 그의 조성(組成)과 성질(性質)을 추구(追究)하고 상호비교(相互比較)하기 위하여 질소(望素)의 형태별(形態別) 분포(分布), 유기관금기(有機官能基)(-COOH, Phenolic-OH, Alcoholic-OH, $-OCH_3$)의 함유량(含有量), 가시부(可視部)와 적외선부위(赤外線部位)에서의 흡광성(吸光性) 측정(測定). 그리고 가수분해성(加水分解性) 당류(糖類)의 구성상태(構成狀態) 등을 조사(調査)하였으며 한편 약토(藥土)의 Alkali추출물(抽出物)의 성상(性狀)을 전토양부식산(田土壤腐植酸)과 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하였다.

  • PDF

살균제 Tolclofos-methyl의 화학적 처리에 의한 분해 (Degradation of Fungicide Tolclofos-methyl by Chemical Treatment)

  • 신갑식;전영환;김효영;황정인;이상만;신재호;김장억
    • 한국환경농학회지
    • /
    • 제29권4호
    • /
    • pp.396-401
    • /
    • 2010
  • 살균제 tolclofos-methyl은 인삼 및 인삼 경작지 토양에서 빈번히 검출되고 있어 그 안전성이 문제시되고 있다. 이에 tolclofos-methyl을 토양 slurry조건에서 여러 종류의 화학적 처리를 통하여 분해되는 정도를 조사하였다. ZVI를 처리한 경우 uZVI가 aZVI보다 tolclofos-methyl의 분해를 촉진 하였으며 uZVI와 ZVZn의 경우에는 ZVZn가 더 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. uZVI와 ZVZn 처리구에서는 처리량이 증가할수록 그리고 입경이 작을수록 더 잘 분해되는 것으로 나타났다. pH 4.0 이하의 산성 조건하에서 처리된 ZVI는 tolclofos-methyl의 분해를 더욱 촉진시켜 수용액에서 24시간 만에 94.4%까지 분해시켰다. Fenton 반응을 이용한 tolclofos-methyl의 분해는 iron source로 $Fe_2(SO_4)_3$가 가장 효과적이었으며, $H_2O_2$ 500 mM 처리구에서 93.5%까지 분해되었다. Sodium bisulfite를 이용한 토양 slurry 중의 tolclofos-methyl의 분해는 처리량이 증가할수록 분해가 촉진되었으며 50 mM 처리구에서 52.9%가 분해되었다.

Optimal fertilizer application for Panax notoginseng and effect of soil water on root rot disease and saponin contents

  • Xia, Pengguo;Guo, Hongbo;Zhao, Hongguang;Jiao, Jie;Deyholos, Michael K.;Yan, Xijun;Liu, Yan;Liang, Zongsuo
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • 제40권1호
    • /
    • pp.38-46
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: Blind and excessive application of fertilizers was found during the cultivation of Panax notoginseng in fields, as well as increase in root rot disease incidence. Methods: Both "3414" application and orthogonal test designs were performed at Shilin county, Yunnan province, China, for NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and mineral fertilizers, respectively. The data were used to construct the one-, two-, and three-factor quadratic regression models. The effect of fertilizer deficiency on root yield loss was also analyzed to confirm the result predicted by these models. A pot culture experiment was performed to observe the incidence rate of root rot disease and to obtain the best range in which the highest yield of root and saponins could be realized. Results: The best application strategy for NPK fertilizer was $0kg/667m^2$, $17.01kg/667m^2$, and $56.87kg/667m^2$, respectively, which can produce the highest root yield of 1,861.90 g (dried root of 100 plants). For mineral fertilizers, calcium and magnesium fertilizers had a significant and positive effect on root yield and the content of four active saponins, respectively. The severity of root rot disease increased with the increase in soil moisture. The best range of soil moisture varied from 0.56 FC (field capacity of water) to 0.59 FC, when the highest yield of root and saponins could be realized as well as the lower incidence rate of root disease. Conclusion: These results indicate that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in these fields is excessive and that of potassium fertilizer is deficient. Higher soil moisture is an important factor that increases the severity of the root rot disease.

Microbial Conversion of Ginsenoside $Rb_1$ to Minor Ginsenoside $F_2$ and Gypenoside XVII by Intrasporangium sp. GS603 Isolated from Soil

  • Cheng, Le-Qin;Na, Ju-Ryun;Kim, Myung-Kyum;Bang, Myun-Ho;Yang, Deok-Chun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제17권12호
    • /
    • pp.1937-1943
    • /
    • 2007
  • A new strain, GS603, having ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity was isolated from soil of a ginseng field, and its ability to convert major ginsenoside $Rb_1$ to minor ginsenoside or gypenoside was studied. Strain GS603 was identified as an Intrasporangium species by phylogenetic analysis and showed high ginsenoside-converting activity in LB and TSA broth but not in nutrient broth. The culture broth of the strain GS603 could convert ginsenoside $Rb_1$i into two metabolites, which were analyzed by TLC and HPLC and shown to be the minor ginsenoside $F_2$ and gypenoside XVII by NMR.

A study of the inorganic element contents for the ginsengs of Keumsan, Chungnam

  • 송석환
    • 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 고려인삼학회 2008년도 춘계 학술대회
    • /
    • pp.74-75
    • /
    • 2008
  • This study is for geochemical relationships between ginsengs and soils from three representative soil types from Keumsan, shale, phyllite and granite. For these study, ginsengs, with the field and weathered soils were collected from the three regions, and are analysed for the major and trace elements. In the weathered soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the correlation coefficients, negative correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-MgO pair while positive correlations, are shown in the Ba-Sr, Zr, Sr-Zr and Cs-Ge pairs. In the field soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are, generally, high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the shale area, the major elements are high in the 4 year soils, but low in the 2 year soils. The LFS(Ba, Sr, Cs) and transitional elements are high in the 2 year soils, but low in the 4 year soils. The HFS(Y, Zr) is high in the 4 year soils. In the correlation coefficients, most of the elements from the 4 year show positive relationships. Positive correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-CaO, MnO-MgO, V-Tl, and Ba-Sr pairs in all localities. In the ginseng contents, clear chemical differences with the ages are shown in the shale and granite ares, but not clear in the phyllite area. In the shale area Mn, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Y contents, increase with ages but decrease in Al, Cs, Be and Cd. In the correlation coefficients, degrees of the correlations for the major elements become low with the ages. Positive correlations are shown in the Al-Mn, Ti, Mn-Ti, Mg-Ca, Ca-K, Ba-Cs, Y and Cs-Y pairs. Comparisons with ginsengs of the same ages from the different areas suggest that generally, the 2 years in the shale and 3 and 4 years in the granite area are distinctive. Relative ratios(granite/ shale area) of the ginsengs are below 1 in the major elements except Mn in the 2 year ginsengs and above 1 in the other elements except Mg and Na in the 4 year. Relative ratios(granite/ phyllite area) of the ginsengs are high in the 3 year from the phyllite area. In the relative ratios(weathered/field soils) of the soils, numbers of the elements showing the ratios of above 1 increase from the shale, to phyllite and granite in the case of the major elements, but decrease in the case of the trace elements. These results suggest that major elements are high in the granite while trace elements are high in the shale area. In the relative ratios between field soils and ginsengs(field soils/ginseng), the shale area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and of several times in the CaO contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, but similar in the CaO contents. The phyllite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $Na_2O$ and Ba, and of several times to ten times in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, but similar in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. The granite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the Ba, and of several times to ten times in the MgO and CaO contents. Of the other elements, differences of several times to ten times are shown in the MnO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, but similar in the $K_2O$ and Sr contents. Comparisons among the different ages from the same area suggest that, in the case of shale area, differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$, of the several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and several times in the CaO and $K_2O$ are shown in the 2 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs, Y, Tl and Be, of above several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the CaO and Sr are shown in the 3 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred to thousand times in the $Al_2O_3$, of above several hundred times in the $TiO_2$, Cs and Y, and of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the $Na_2O$ are shown in the 4 year ginsengs. These relationships suggest that, regardless of the localities in the shale area, $Al_2O_3$ contents of the soils show big differences from those of the ginsengs. Regardless of the ages of ginsengs, comparisons with the overall average contents of each area show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl and of several ten times in the MnO. These overall relationships suggest that the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl contents of the soils are higher than those of the ginsengs, show big differences between two and low different contents are found in the MnO. In detail, differences of several hundred times in the Y, and ten times in the MgO and Sr, and of several times in the CaO, $Na_2O$, $K_2O$ in the case of shale area, are shown. These results suggest that the soils are higher than the ginsengs in the Y and significantly differences in Y, and moderately differences in the MgO and Sr, and low differences in the CaO, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ are shown between soils and ginsengs.

  • PDF

논토양에서 해가림 유형 및 품종별 인삼의 생육시기에 따른 생육특성, 건물생산 능력 및 수량성 비교 (Studies on Analysis of Growth Characteristics, Ability of Dry Matter Production, and Yield of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer at Different Growth Stages with Different Cultivars and Shading Nets in Paddy Field)

  • 송범헌;장윤기;이경아;이성우;강승원;차선우
    • 한국약용작물학회지
    • /
    • 제19권2호
    • /
    • pp.90-96
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to examine major growth responses, the production and partitioning of dry matter on different growth stages, and yields and to select the optimal shading material in both quality and productivity of ginseng. Two cultivars of ginseng, Cheonpoong and Geumpoong, were cultivated in the paddy soil with three different shading materials; three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene (TBP), blue polyethylene sheet (BPS), and aluminium-coated polyethylene sheet (APS). Plant heights were linearly increased until June 24 and then maintained with showing higher height in Cheonpoong than that in Geumpoong cultivar. Root lengths were gradually increased until October 16. They were longer in Cheonpoong than that in Geumpoong cultivar, showing slightly longer with APS compared to TBP and BPS. The ability of producing dry matter of leaves was much higher from April to June compared to those of other growth periods, whereas its ability of root was concentrated from the end of June to the end of August. Among the shading materials, the ability of producing dry matter of shoot was higher with TBP than those with BPS and APS, while its ability of root was not appeared certain tendency unlike the shoot. The yield of ginseng roots was the highest with TBP among three shading materials and it was higher in Cheonpoong than that of Geumpoong cultivar. The shading materials which affect the light intensity and the temperature would be considered as an important factor to get better quality and productivity of Korean ginseng.

Endophytic Trichoderma gamsii YIM PH30019: a promising biocontrol agent with hyperosmolar, mycoparasitism, and antagonistic activities of induced volatile organic compounds on root-rot pathogenic fungi of Panax notoginseng

  • Chen, Jin-Lian;Sun, Shi-Zhong;Miao, Cui-Ping;Wu, Kai;Chen, You-Wei;Xu, Li-Hua;Guan, Hui-Lin;Zhao, Li-Xing
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • 제40권4호
    • /
    • pp.315-324
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: Biocontrol agents are regarded as promising and environmental friendly approaches as agrochemicals for phytodiseases that cause serious environmental and health problems. Trichoderma species have been widely used in suppression of soil-borne pathogens. In this study, an endophytic fungus, Trichoderma gamsii YIM PH30019, from healthy Panax notoginseng root was investigated for its biocontrol potential. Methods: In vitro detached healthy roots, and pot and field experiments were used to investigate the pathogenicity and biocontrol efficacy of T. gamsii YIM PH30019 to the host plant. The antagonistic mechanisms against test phytopathogens were analyzed using dual culture, scanning electron microscopy, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Tolerance to chemical fertilizers was also tested in a series of concentrations. Results: The results indicated that T. gamsii YIM PH30019 was nonpathogenic to the host, presented appreciable biocontrol efficacy, and could tolerate chemical fertilizer concentrations of up to 20%. T. gamsii YIM PH30019 displayed antagonistic activities against the pathogenic fungi of P. notoginseng via production of VOCs. On the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, VOCs were identified as dimethyl disulfide, dibenzofuran, methanethiol, ketones, etc., which are effective ingredients for antagonistic activity. T. gamsii YIM PH30019 was able to improve the seedlings' emergence and protect P. notoginseng plants from soil-borne disease in the continuous cropping field tests. Conclusion: The results suggest that the endophytic fungus T. gamsii YIM PH30019 may have a good potential as a biological control agent against notoginseng phytodiseases and can provide a clue to further illuminate the interactions between Trichoderma and phytopathogens.

Bacillus ginsengihumi sp. nov., a Novel Species Isolated from Soil of a Ginseng Field in Pocheon Province, South Korea

  • Ten Leonid N.;Im Wan-Taek;Baek Sang-Hoon;Lee, Jung-Sook;Oh, Hee-Mock;Lee, Sung-Taik
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제16권10호
    • /
    • pp.1554-1560
    • /
    • 2006
  • A Gram-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, non motile, endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil $114^T$, was isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea), and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. It grew well on nutrient agar medium and utilized a limited number of organic substrates as sole carbon sources, including D-xylose and some other carbohydrates, but did not utilize L-amino acids and organic acids. The isolate was positive for oxidase test but negative for catalase, and negative for degradation of macromolecules such as starch, cellulose, xylan, casein, chitin, and DNA. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.8 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were $anteiso-C_{15:0}$ (32.1%), $iso-C_{15:0}$ (30.5%), and $anteiso-C_{17:0}$ (30.2%). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil $114^T$ fell within the radiation of the cluster comprising Bacillus species and joined Bacillus shackletonii LMG $18435^T$ with a bootstrap value of 95%. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found with Bacillus shackletonii LMG $18435^T$ (97.6%), Bacillus acidicola DSM $14745^T$ (96.9%), Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM $10599^T$ (96.5%), and Bacillus oleronius DSM $9356^T$ (96.5%). The phylogenetic distance from any other validly described species within the genus Bacillus was less than 96%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-similarities between strain Gsoil $114^T$ and closest phylogenetic neighbors were less than 39%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil $114^T$ (=KCTC $13944^T$=DSMZ $18134^T$) was classified in the genus Bacillus as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Bacillus ginsengihumi sp. nov. is proposed.