• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.442-443
• /
• 2006

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.248-258
• /
• 2015

Jungkwa is traditional food in Korea and difficult to prepare. This study proposes to use a rice cooker to simplify the process of preparing ginseng jungkwa. The following is the summary of the study. This study examined low calorie sweeteners (xylitol, oligosaccharide, stevioside, erythritol) instead of sugar for ginseng jungkwa to satisfy customers' health needs. After adding sugar, xylitol, oligosaccharide, stevioside, and erythritol to ginseng jungkwa, moisture and sugar content were measured. Based on the results, the ginseng jungkwa made with xylitol had a low moisture content, but it had the highest sugar content. The ginseng jungkwa with xylitol had average sweetness equal to that of sugar. In addition, L-values were highest with stevioside whereas the b-values and a-values were highest with sugar. Hardness and springiness were highest in the ginseng jungkwa added with sugar while adhesiveness was highest in the ginseng jungkwa added with oligosaccharide. In a sensory evaluation, the appearance, flavor, taste, texture, and overall preference were highest for the oligosaccharide added ginseng jungkwa. In the end, the best low calorie sweetener for rice cooker prepared ginseng jungkwa proved to be oligosaccharide.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2016

Background: Root diseases caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani decrease the yield and quality of ginseng. Cylindrocarpon root rot is a major disease caused by replant failure in ginseng fields. Methods and Results: Solarization of infested greenhouse soil was carried out during the summer season after applying green manure (Sudan grass) and Calcium Cyanamide (CC) on the soil. Mycelium and conidia of C. destructans died at $40^{\circ}C$ after 15 h, but they did not die at $35^{\circ}C$ after 15 h. They also died after keeping the soil at $40^{\circ}C$ for 2 h daily for 9 days, and at $45^{\circ}C$ for 8 days, but they did not die at $38^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. Maximum soil temperature was $55.4^{\circ}C$ at 5 cm depth, $48.7^{\circ}C$ at 10 cm, $44.7^{\circ}C$ at 15 cm, $42.5^{\circ}C$ at 20 cm, and $31.9^{\circ}C$ at 30 cm by incorporating green manure into the soil and using solarization. Solarization using green manure mixed with CC was the most effective in decreasing soil-borne pathogens of 2-year-old ginseng. However, the addition of CC decreased the root weight due to the increase in EC and $NO_3-N$. Conclusions: Soil disinfection using green manure and solarization in a greenhouse environment was effective in inhibiting root rot, however, it did not completely kill the soil-borne pathogens.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to predict the shelf-life of emulsified red ginseng beverage. To investigate the quality changes during the storage, physicochemical properties such as acidity, pH, droplet size, Hunter's color value and sensory evaluation test were measured periodically. It was found that acidity, pH, and droplet sizes were little changed in initial stage. After about 70 days of storage, however, they tended to be changed possibly due to Maillard reaction. From the results of correlation analysis between sensory evaluation results and physicochemical characteristics, a-value was chosen as a quality index of red ginseng emulsions. Using reaction constants at various temperature, the activation energy and the $Q_{10}$ value for the a-value from Arrhenius equation found to be 13.37 kcal/mol, 1.56-2.14, respectively. It could be concluded that the shelf-life of red ginseng emulsions estimated to be 730 days (approximately 2 years) when stored at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.84-87
• /
• 2008

Kokang is a high-quality, disease resistant and high-yielding Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar developed by the medicinal crop breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, during the period from 1997 to 2005. The reproduction of Rehmania glutinosa has been accomplished mainly by vegetative propagation with its seedlings have many variants. The cultivar was selected from seedling of Jihwang 1. The plant type of Kokang is some rising from ground. It has higher disease resistance, catalpol content and extract content compared with Jihwang 1. Regional yield trials conducted at three site from 2003 to 2005. The root yield of Kokang was 11.8ton per hectare, which was increased 13% compared with a check variety, Jihwang 1. This cultivar is adaptable to the whole of Korea except for mountain areas.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.372-380
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of jelly made from fermented red ginseng concentrate (FRGC) that can be easily absorbed and digested for the health promotion of the elderly. The pH of the jellies tended to decrease with increasing concentration of FRGC. Soluble solid content has significantly higher value when added more than 2%, and the water content of the sample was significantly lower when the FRGC was added 4%. As the amount of FRGC was increased, the total color difference increased, and the hardness of samples decreased significantly. On the other hand, the total ginsenoside contents of the FRGC was 45.50 mg/g. As the concentration of FRGC increased, the content of polyphenol and flavonoids increased. The increasing pattern of polyphenols and flavonoids showed a similar trend. As the content of FRGC increased, ABTS free radical scavenging activity significantly increased (p<0.05), and in the control, the minimum value (62.6 AEAC) and the 4% sample were highest (116.2 AEAC). DPPH radical scavenging activity was like that of ABTS radical scavenging activity. However, there was no significant difference in DPPH radical scavenging activity of 3% and 4% red ginseng jelly.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 1992

The comparative effects of ethylene oxide(EO) fumigation and gamma irradiation (5 kGy) were determined on the chemical components of exportable ginseng-leaf tea which is required for improving the hygienic quality. Saponins and fatty acids detected in the samples were found to be resistant to both treatments at the practical levels. In an experiment on free sugar and amino acids, however, quantitative analysis has shown that glucose, lysine and histidine in the samples are significantly decreased by EO fumigation (p<0.05) and that negligible changes were observed in gamma-irradiated samples.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2010

Rusty root, the browning disease on ginseng, decreases quality and value. Recent studies indicated that endophytic bacteria could be a possible cause of rusty root. Actinomycetes antagonistic to the rusty-root-causing bacteria were isolated from soil. Twenty nine out of 932-isolates of Actinomycetes from soil showed antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas veronii an endophytic isolate in ginseng. The strongest antibacterial strain(ATO4O104) was classified based on 16S rDNA sequence. The Actinomycetes strain, ATO4O104, isolated in soil of USA volcano national park was identified as Streptomyces adephospholyticus. To test plant toxicity, radish seeds were sprouted with the culture of S. adephospholyticus and it did not show any harmful effect. The butanol partition out of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water partions showed the highest antibacterial activity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.1160-1167
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, pH, titratable activity, microbial properties, and antioxidant effect of yogurt using ginseng extract powder (GEP), Lactobacillus plantarum NK181, and Streptococcus thermophilus as the starter culture. Different concentration of GEP (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (w/v)) were used in the yogurt. During yogurt fermentation, pH was decreased; however, titratable acidity and viable cell counts were increased. The addition of GEP to yogurt led to a decrease in moisture content and an increase in the fat, ash, and total solids content. The antioxidant effect using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay gradually increased with added GEP. Overall, yogurt fermented with 1% GEP was acceptable in terms of cell viability and antioxidant effect. These results might provide information regarding development of ginseng dairy products with enhanced antioxidant activities and probiotic properties.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2021

Objective: Fatigue can decrease both quality of life and work efficiency. Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal treatments for improving personal health, with applications in treating fatigue. However, the exact mechanisms of anti-fatigue effects are still unclear. Thus, we investigated the effect of red ginseng powder (RGP) on exercise capacity and peripheral fatigue using both behavioral and molecular experiments in mice. Design: Four-groups behavioral and molecular experiment. Methods: Male 6-weeks-old ICR mice were treated with distilled water, 100, and 200 mg/kg RGP for 5 days via oral administration. The exercise capacity of each animal group was measured by locomotor activity, rota-rod, hanging wire, and cold swimming tests. Additionally, after performing the treadmill to induce fatigue, lactate expression and molecular experiments were investigated using mice gastrocnemius. Results: Mice treated with RGP exhibited increased exercise capacity in the behavioral tests. Additionally, RGP induced a dose-dependent decrease in lactate levels after high-intensity exercise, and Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4 expression increased in groups treated with RGP. However, there was no significant change in MCT1. Conclusions: These results suggest that RGP exerts several anti-fatigue properties by lower lactate and improved exercise capacity. Increased MCT4 expression may also affect lactate transport. Thus, this study suggests that the anti-fatigue properties of RGP might be associated with MCT4 activity.