• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.565-569
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different preparation methods on the recovery and quantification of ginsenosides in raw Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Eight major ginsenosides ($Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and $Rg_1$) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after which the recovery and repeatability of the extraction of those ginsenosides using 3 different preparation methods were compared [A. direct extraction (DE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/direct dissolution; B. solid phase extraction (SPE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/$C_{18}$ cartridge adsorption/MeOH elution; C. liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/n-BuOH fractionation]. Use of the DE method resulted in a significantly higher recovery of total ginsenosides than other methods and a relatively clear peak resolution. Use of the SPE and LLE methods resulted in clearer peak resolution, but lower ginsenoside recovery than the DE method. The LLE method showed the lowest ginsenoside recovery and repeatability among the 3 methods. Given that the DE method employed only extraction, evaporation, and a dissolution step (avoiding complicate and time consuming purification), this technique may be an effective method for the preparation and quantification of ginsenosides from raw Korean ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 1985

The effect of extracting conditions on the content of inorganic compounds of red ginseng extract was studied with respect to the change in ethanolic concentration ranges of $0{\sim}90%$ and temperature of $70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ during $1{\sim}5$ times of extraction. Each extraction time was taken 8 hours at given temperature. Little effect of temperature on inorganic compounds was observed, while higher ethanol concentrations, particularly higher than 70%, were resulted a significant decreased in their contents. The yield of inorganic compounds in water was shown 80% over after 3rd extraction, while content of crude ash was observed similar tendency and their contents were significant increased in water than in 70% ethanolic concentration. In the process of extraction with water, 1.55% of the potassium content was the highest value, and the smallest was 11ppm of the copper. But in the extraction ratio to raw mateirls, the highest ratio was 91.4% of the calcium, and smallest was 30.4.% of the magnesium.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.118-121
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• 1979

Under the experimental conditions of varying the thickness(2L cm) of ginseng disc and the bulk, concentration $(C_b.{\;}%)$, the experimental results were well coincided with those of the model which was set up by using the inter disc diffusion with constant diffusivity. It was therefore convinced that the extraction rate is controlled by the diffusion rate of ginseng components through the disc. The relationship between the diffusivity$(D{\;}cm^2/min)$ and the mean concentration (C %) of soluble ginseng components in the disc is as follows, $ln{\frac{C-C_{b0}}{C_i-C_{b0}}}=ln{\frac{8}{{\pi}^2}-{\frac{{\pi}^2D}{4L^2}{\theta}$ where $C_i(%)$ is the initial concentration of soluble ginseng components and $\theta$ (min.) is the extraction time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.241-244
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• 1986

Some physical properties of Korean red ginseng extract was investigated for their changes during extraction with ethanol solution having a concentration range of 0-90% at $70-100^{\circ}C$ during 5 times of 8 hours extraction. The intrinsic viscosity was ignificantly decreased as the ethanol concentration and measuring temperature increased, while it was affected relatively less by the extraction temperature. However the effect of measuring temperature on the intrinsic viscosity was greatly reduced for the extract obtained with higher than 50% a ethanol. The turbidity and pH were also decreased as the ethanol concentration and extraction time increased.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2010

The common DNA extraction methods are indispensable for genotyping by molecular marker analysis. However, genotyping a large number of plants is painstaking. A modified 'NaOH-Tris' method used in this study reduces the extraction time while keeping the cost low and avoiding the use of hazardous chemicals. The endpoint analysis by realtime PCR tends to be fast and effective for the development of SNP markers linked to the 'Chunpoong' cultivar of Panax ginseng. The 'Chunpoong' marker was developed by a major latex-like protein gene sequence. From our results, we suggest that this method is successful in distinguishing 'Chunpoong' from a large number of ginseng cultivars.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1980

Red ginseng was extracted with water and analyzed for yield, saponin, pectin and other chemical composition. It was found that: (1) The total solid content in extract after 6 times of extraction was 46.8%,: including 13.6% of centrifugal residue; (2) 83.7% of total extractable solids and 86% total saponin was extracted after the initial three runs of extraction. (3) No significant changes were observed in HPLC pattern of extracted saponins over a range of extractions; (4) The ratio of centrifugal residue to total solids increased as the number of extractions increased; (5) The ratios of fat, protein, reducing sugar and pectin contents decreased with repeating extraction while those of crude fiber, total sugar and 35% alcohol insoluble residue increased when they were compared with total solids.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

This study was carried out to extract ginsenosides in by-products from honeyed red ginseng. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Based on D-optimal design, independent variables were ethanol (extraction solvent) concentration (30-90%, v/v), extraction temperature ($25-70^{\circ}C$), and extraction time (5-11 h). Extraction yield (Y1) and total ginsenosides (Y2) in the extract were analyzed as dependent variables. Results found that extraction yield increased with increasing extraction temperature and time, whereas it was decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. Similar trends were found for the content of ginsenosides in the extracts, except for ethanol concentration, which was increased with increasing ethanol concentration. Regression equations derived from RSM were suggested to coincide well with the results from the experiments. The optimal extraction conditions for extraction yield and total ginsenosides were an extraction temperature of $56.94^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration of 57.90%, and extraction time of 11 h. Under these conditions, extraction yield and total ginsenoside contents were predicted to be 84.52% and 9.54 mg/g, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2022

Red ginseng oil (RGO), rather than the conventional aqueous extract of red ginseng, has been receiving much attention due to accumulating evidence of its functional and pharmacological potential. In this review, we describe the key extraction technologies, chemical composition, potential health benefits, and safety of RGO. This review emphasizes the proposed molecular mechanisms by which RGO is involved in various bioactivities. RGO is mainly produced using organic solvents or supercritical fluid extraction, with the choice of method greatly affecting the yield and quality of the end products. RGO contains a high unsaturated fatty acid levels along with considerable amounts of lipophilic components such as phytosterols, tocopherols, and polyacetylenes. The beneficial health properties of RGO include cellular defense, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, chemoprevention, hair growth promotion, and skin health improvement. We propose several molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that underlie the bioactivity of RGO. In addition, RGO is regarded as safe and nontoxic. Further studies on RGO must focus on a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, composition-functionality relationship, and verification of the bioactivities of RGO in clinical models. This review may provide useful information in the development of RGO-based products in nutraceuticals, functional foods, and functional cosmetics.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

To develop fundamental data of herbal materials with heat treatment, we studied analytical and extraction methods of benzopyrene in black ginseng and validated by HPLC analysis. Benzopyrene was successfully separated in mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (80 : 20) and detection of excitation 294 nm, emission 404 nm. The calibration curve of benzopyrene was linear over the concentration range of 1.17~37.50 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of benzopyrene was 0.25 and 0.75 ng/ml, respectively. Hexane extraction method was used as a new extraction method for benzopyren and the efficient of extraction was over 95%. In conclusion, analytical method and extraction method were suitable for the determination of benzopyrene in the black ginseng and could be applied to fundamental study and guideline of herbal materials with heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.106-115
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• 2000

The effect of puffing treatments on the sensory qualities improving of Ginseng Extract were investigated in the good products for rejecting soil flavor as Ginseng foreign bad taste, through chemical analysis and actual manufacturing practice, the following results were obtained. Puffing treated<15kg / ㎠psi> ginseng has produced a marked increase in soluble solid, crude saponin yield to the extent of 10% and without soil taste as compared with control Ginseng. Optimum Ginseng ethanol extraction condition were 90$\^{C}$ for 8 hours, which was cheap operating cost and color, apperance, total solid yield of Ginseng extracted products. For 70% ethanol extraction in temperature range of 60∼90$\^{C}$ for 8 hours, the higher temperature resulted higher yields in solids and Ginsenoside Especially, GinsenosideRgl as most effective physiological function component yield was increased in 18% by puffed Ginseng than control Cinseng products. The Hunter's color, L. a and b values of Ginseng extract were 31.09, 21.9 and 49.5 and increase brown and red color value and total Δ Evalue.