• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2007

Sclerotinia rot occurred on the stem and pod of broad bean (Vicia faba) at Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea from 2004 to 2006. The infected plants showed the typical symptoms; wilted, water-soaked, rotted and eventually died. The colony of the isolated fungus on PDA was white to faintly gray color. Apothecia were cup-shaped and $5{\sim}10\;mm$ in size. Asci were cylindrical in shape and $90{\sim}180{\times}8{\sim}12\;{\mu}m$ in size. Ascospores were ellipsoid and $8{\sim}12{\times}4{\sim}6\;{\mu}m$ in size. Sclerotia formed on the PDA were globose to cylindrical or irregular in shape with black color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$ and sclerotia formation was at $20^{\circ}C$ on PDA. This is the first report on sclerotinia rot of broad bean (Vicia faba) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) do Bary in Korea.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigative the effects of Gagambojungikgi-tang (GBT), a Korean herbal medicine, on the immune mediators, T cell proliferation and wound healing in the recombinant Sj26 (rSj26) antigen induced atopic dermatitis(AD) model mice. Methods : GBT is the water extracts prepared from mixture of Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Atractylodes Rhizoma alba, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Artemisia iwayomogi Herba, Scutellaria Radix, Lonicera japonica Flos. This is a modified prescription of Bojungikgi-tang, which has been used for the treatment of indigestion, and immunological disease in east-asian countries. GBT was orally administered or externally applied at difference doses. The levels of immune mediators [(IgE, IgG1, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Th1/Th2 cytokines], T cell proliferation, and wound healing in the rSj26 or chemical antigen induced AD model BALB/c were investigated. Results : GBT dose-dependently suppressed the release of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ (Th1 cytokines), IL-4, IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), PGE2 (inflammatory mediators) and T cell proliferation. But GBT increased the production of IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cytokine). Furthermore, A wound healing effect of GBT was similar to external application of dexamethasone. Conclusions : These results suggest that GBT suppresses the inflammatory mediators and regulates the Thl/Th2 cytokines, and promotes the wound healing. Therefore, these properties may contribute to the strong anti-AD effect of GBT.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

Objectives : Amnesia is theloss or impairment of memory, caused by physical injury, disease, drugs, or emotional trauma. Recently, the average life span is increasing, while at the same time, the incidence of dementia-like diseases in conjunction with amnesia are also increasing. Therefore learning and memory are very important issues in modern society. Ancient Korean physicians used several herbs to treat dementia and these herbal effects were described in Korean herbal books. Among them are some reports on several cognitive-enhancing herbs which have since been shown to improve dementia in recent pharmacological studies, such as Panax ginseng; however, the facilitatory effects of many Korean cognitive-enhancing herbs on learning and memory are limited. Learning and memory are essential requirements for every living organism in order to cope with environmental demands; cholinergic systems are known to be involved in learning and memory. Methods : In this study, the effects of Acori graminei rhizoma (AGR, 石菖蒲) on learning and memory were investigated by Morris water maze, eight-arm radial maze, and the effects on the central cholinergic system of rats injected with scopolamine. Results : In the water maze, the experimental animals were trained to find a platform in a fixed position for 6 days and then received a 60 sec probe trial in which the platform was removed from the pool on the 7th day. In the eight-arm radial maze, the animals were tested four times per day for 6 days. Scopolamine impaired performance of the maze tests and reduced activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus, which is a marker for the central cholinergic system. There were significant reversals from the scopolamine-induced deficits on learning and memory in these tests, through daily administrations of AGR (100 mg/kg, p.o.) over 14 consecutive days. These treatments also reduced the loss of cholinergic activity in the hippocampus induced by scopolamine. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that AGR ameliorated learning and memory deficits by affecting the central acetylcholine system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to suggest guidelines for drawing and keeping customers through knowing function of herbal and food. Customers have known herbal foods to high nutritional foods, prevention of high blood pressure, heart disease, and obesity. Also, people recognized highly garlic which has function prevention cancer, brown seaweed which is controlled blood pressure, and ginkgo nut which is helpful for asthma, detoxication. They know specifically function of herbal materials such as mugwort, ginseng, and royal golly. The guidelines are as followed. The first, seasonal herbal tea provide in stead of water like medicinal foods. The second, various cereals, Chinese herbal materials, and vegetables are added to the main rice. So it can make to eat everyday like nutrition rice which is mixed with garlic and ginkgo. The third, specific function food' and herbal's should be explained on the menu. Therefore, it make attract customer's curious and interest.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2005

Though the literature study on the urine therapy, we concluded as follows. It Almost use urine, healthy child's of under 10-12 age, and the gathering takes the middle part of urine. It Almost drinks fresh urine warmly. It drinks urine with Zingiber is Rhizoma Recens juice and Allii Radix or Sappan Lignum and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix which is hwa-hyeol-geo-eo medicine in vomiting blood nosebleeding, with Allii Radix and Sojae Semen Praeparatum in a headache, with bile of pig in symptoms of shang han jue yin, with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens juice Ginseng Radix's powder in doing the colon good or person have weak spleen and stomach as well as deficiency of qi with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen or Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens juice in heat movement by deficiency of blood (eum-heo-hwa-dong) with Perillae Fructus, Mori Cortex and Adenophorae Radix which hwa-dam-ji-hae medicine and sparagi Radix, Liriopis Tuber Schizandrae Fructus which is bo-eum medicine in a cough by deficiency of blood(eum-heo-hae-su). Also it followed in condition and the honey little quantity alcoholic beverage it put in and with the urine it drinks it did. The case which the skin bursts Injury by biting. The eye comes to be red and smart in consequence of the fact that it swells, it pastes the warm urine in the wound region. In consequence of the fact that beriberi disease or to the case which is fed up the finger, it soaks the wound region in the urine. It was used in the external medical therapy which is various even on the thing outside which it drinks. It does not use or must use very prudently to person who has deficiency of gi and blood, weak stomach, not heat and fake heat.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2012

In March 2010, grafted cucumber cultivated in the greenhouse showed a severe rot on crown resulting yellowing and wilting of the leaves. The symptoms of naturally infected plants showed dark brown, watersoaked lesions at the base of the stem. The fungus produced mass of white mycelium and yellow to orange spores in necrotic lesions on dead and dying plants. Fungus was isolated from rotted tissues of the crown and root. On the basis of morphological characteristics, ITS sequence and pathogenicity tests, the isolate was identified as Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae. This is the first report of the crown and foot rot of grafted cucumber caused by F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae in Korea.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to confirm whether Codonopsis Radix(CR) could be used in the same way for expected indications or diseases of adaptation instead of Ginseng Radix(GR), which acts as a principal herb in Sagunja-tang. Methods : The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems pharmacology(TCMSP), a database for the study of systems biology related to Chinese medicine, screened potential active compounds in each quartet. By searching for all the proteins that each compound provides, the target of Sagunja-tang with GR(GRST) and the target of Sagunja-tang with CR(CRST) were compared using the network analysis method, and the top ranked target of each serving was selected. Results : Through TCMSP, a Chinese medicine database, the potential effective ingredients of GRST or CRST screened, and the target proteins related to these substances were found to be the most affected by Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, an herbal medicine mixed in Sagunja-tang, and the target diseases were the same. And the same were found for the target protein, gene and target diseases of GRST and CRST. Conclusions : The prescription with similar composition is likely to have similar network pharmacology analysis results, and the analysis result may be controlled by the herbal medicines which are assumed to be the main function. Therefore, rich and reproducible basic studies is more important because network pharmacological studies can be dominated by data that has been done a lot of previous studies.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Objectives : Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with pathogenic processes including carcinogenesis through direct effect on DNA directly and by acting as a tumor promoter. Therefore, it has been regarded that ROS may be a major target for cancer prevention. The root of Paeonia lactiflora pall (PL), a traditional Chinese herb, has been a component of effective prescriptions for treatment of liver disease. Also, there are some reports about the antioxidant activities of the extracts from PL. However, little has been known about the effects of PL against oxidative damage. This work aimed to elucidate the anti-oxidant effects of Paeonia lactiflora pall (PL) in the non-cellular system and cellular system. Methods : Antioxidant activities of PL were evaluated by hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. Anti-oxidative effect of PL was evaluated by ${\varphi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay in non-cellular system. In addition, DNA migration assay, expression level of phospho-H2AX, MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were performed for evaluate the anti-oxidative effect of PL in cellular system. Results : PL had a dose-dependent hydroxyl radical scavenging and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating capacity. In addition, PL inhibited oxidative DNA and cell damage induced by hydroxyl radical in non-cellular system and cellular system. Conclusion : Taken together, P. lactiflora pall may be possible for the application to a potential drug for treating the oxidative diseases such as cancer.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2010

Saengmaeksan (SMS) is a well known Korean traditional herbal prescription, which consists of 3 different herbs, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Ginseng, and Fructus Schisandrae. SMS has been commonly used in various disease including respiratory system and cardiovascular System in Korea. The objective of this study is to find out the improving effects of SMS against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. SMS reduced clinical signs of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, and increased disease activity index. The results showed that SMS significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65 in the colon tissues of DSS-treated mice. In addition, we observed that result showed that the levels of IL-6 in plasma were increased in DSS treated group compared to those of the normal group, but these increased levels were reduced by administration with SMS. Taken together, these findings suggest that SMS has improving effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-120
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• 2012

Objectives : The oriental medicine Jangwonhwan, a boiled extract of 12 medicinal herbs/mushrooms, has been prescribed to patients with cognitive dysfunction, as originally described in the Korean medical text, DonguiBogam(amnesia chapter). Recently, a modified formula of Jangwonhwan (LMK02-Jangwonhwan) consisting of seven medicinal plants/mushrooms, was shown to reduce the ${\beta}$-amyloid deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. The toxicity of LMK02-Jangwonhwan was investigated in SD rats, by a daily oral administration for 13 weeks and NOAEL(No observed adverse effect dose), a definite toxic dose and target organ, as well. Methods : Quality control of the tablet form of LMK02-Jangwonhwan was established by estimating the indicative components, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelicagigas Nakai. The toxicity of LMK02-Jangwonhwan was investigated in 6 week old, specific pathogen free (SPF), Sprageu-Dawley rats by oral administration. Each test group consisted of 10 male and 10 female rats. The groups received doses of 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg/day of test substance for 13 weeks. The clinical signs, death rate, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemistry, organ weight and pathological changes were examined and compared with those of the control group. Results : The 13-week repeated oral treatment doses didn't result in any specific symptoms or death. There were no significant changes in the rat's weight and food consumption. Further, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematological, serum biochemistry test and organ weight revealed no significant differences. Conclusions : The no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) of LMK02 for male and female Sprague-Dawley rats was determined as 2,000mg/kg/day and the target organ wasn't confirmed. Because no significant adverse effects were observed, the target organ could not be determined.