• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1987년도 식물생명공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceedings of Symposia on Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.133-148
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• 1987

Gibberellin(GA) 3-$\beta$ hydroxylation is very important for the shoot elogation in the higher plants, since only 3$\beta$-hydryoxylated GAs promote shoot elogation in several plants. Fluctuation of 3$\beta$-hydryoxylase activity was examined during seed maturation using two cultivars of , P. vulgaris, Kentucky Wonder (normal) and Masterpiece (dwarf). Very immature seeds of both cultivars contain high level of 3$\beta$-hydroxylase activity (per mg protein). Both cultivars showed maximum of enzyme activity (per seed) in the middle of their maturation process. Gibberellin 3$\beta$-hydroxylase catalyzing the hydroxylation of GA20 to GA1 was purified 313-fold from very early immature seeds of P. vulgaris. Crude soluble enzyme extracts were purified by 15% methanol precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatogrphy, DEAE ion exchange column chromatography and gel filtration HPLC. The 3$\beta$-hydroxylase activity was unstable and lost much of its activity duting the purification. The molecular weight of purified enzyme was extimated to be 42, 000 by gel filtration HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.7. The Km values for [2.3-3H] GA20 and [2.3-3H]GA9 were 0.29 $\mu$M and 0.33 $\mu$M, respectively. The enzyme requires 2-oxoglutarate as a cosubstrate; the Km value for 2-oxoglutarate was 250 $\mu$M using 3H GA20 as a substrate. Fe2+ and ascorbate significantly activated the enzyme at all purification steps, while catalase and BSA activated the purified enzyme only. The enzyme was inhibited by divalent cations Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+. Effects of several GAs and GA anaogues on the putrified 3$\beta$-hydroxylase were examined using [3H]GA9 and GA20 as a substrates. Among them, GA5, GA9, GA15, GA20 and GA44 inhibited the enzyme activity. [13C, 3H] GA20 was converted by the partially purified enzyme preparation to [13C, 3H]GA1, GA5 and GA6, which were identified by GC-MS, GA9 was converted only GA4, GA15 and GA44 were converted to GA37 and GA38, respectively. GA5 was epoxidized to GA6 by the preparation. This suggests that 3$\beta$-hydroxylation of GA20 and epoxidation of GA5 are catalyzed by the same enzyme in P, vulgaris.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1992

강낭콩의 두 품종(정상종인 Kentucky Wonder와 왜성종인 Masterpiece)의 미성숙 종자로부터 부분 정제한 GA $3{\beta}-수산화효소를$ 사용하여 $[^3H]GA_{20}$으로부터 $GA_1$로의 효소활성의 변화를 조사하였다. 두 품종의 종자성숙에 따른 $3{\beta}$ 수산화효소 활성의 변화와 강약에는 차이가 없었다. 극히 미성숙한 종자에서 단위 단백질당 GA $3{\beta}-수산화효소$ 활성이 가장 높았다. 단위 종자당 효소의 비활성은 개화 후 21일 전후에서 최대치를 나타내었으며, 종자가 더욱 성숙함에 따라 활성은 감소되었다. 동일량의 $3{\beta}-수산화효소$ 활성을 사용하여 $[17-^{13}C,\;^3H_2]\;GA_{20}$의 대사를 조사한 결과, GA_1,\;GA_5,\;GA_6$으로의 변환율은 종자생장단계에 관계 없이 거의 일정하였다. $GA_5로부터\;GA_6$의 epoxidation은 정제한 $3{\beta}-수산화효소분획에$ 이루어졌으며(Kobayashi et al., 1991), 이 반응은 $3{\beta}-수산화효소의$ 기질들만에 의해 특이적으로 억제되었다. 이러한 결과는 강낭콩 미성숙종자에서 $GA_{20}의\;3{\beta}-수산화반응과\;GA_5$의 epoxidation은 동일 효소에 의해 촉매됨을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2004

GA 생합성에 결정적 역할을 하는 GA 3$\beta$-hydroxylase를 pIG121-Hm 벡터에 GUS유전자를 빼고 antisense로 클로닝하여 이를 동진벼에 도입한 결과 17개체의 절간신장이 억제된 형질전환한 식물체를 얻을 수 있었다. 일반 재배 동진벼를 대조군으로 하여 비교하였을때 antisense GA 3$\beta$-hydroxylase 유전자가 형질 도입된 식물체의 획득형질은 평균적으로 대조군에 비해 절간 신장의 억제가 확인되었다. 절간신장의 억제가 보인 개체의 엽육조직을 co취하여 Southen blot hybridization분석 결과 3개의 line에서 모두 single copy로 도입된 것으로 나타났다. 이로써$T_o$ 식물체 내에 antisense GA 3$\beta$-hydroxylase 유전자를 내포하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이것은 antisense GA 3$\beta$-hydroxylase 유전자가 생체내에서 직접 또는 간접적으로 GA 3$\beta$-hydroxylase유전자의 발현에 관여한 것이라 사료되어진다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1375-1380
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• 2012

We previously isolated a rhizobacterium (Bacillus subtilis IJ-31) and demonstrated that its associated allelochemicals could indicate plant growth retardation. However, little is known about how the growth of plants is regulated by B. subtilis IJ-31 and its allelochemicals. In this study, we investigated whether plant growth retardation in this relationship occurred through the inhibition of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. GA $3{\beta}$-hydroxylase activity was found to be inhibited by B. subtilis IJ-31 and hydrocinnamic acid (HCA), which is one of the allelochemicals produced by B. subtilis IJ-31. Additionally, thin layer chromatography (TLC) demonstrated that B. subtilis IJ-31 culture broth and HCA both inhibit GA $3{\beta}$-hydroxylase (MBP-GA4) activity. The retardation of plants by HCA was then confirmed in vivo and in vitro using a Ryegrass and Arabidopsis growth retardation assay. Furthermore, treatment with either B. subtilis IJ-31 culture extract or its allelochemicals resulted in significant down-regulation of XTR9 gene expression in Arabidopsis. Overall, we identified the functional mechanism of plant growth retardation by B. subtilis IJ-31 and its allelochemicals.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 1992

강낭콩 두 품종(정상종인 Kentucky Wonder와 왜성종인 Masterpiece)의 미성숙종자로부터 부분 정제한 GA 수산화효소를 사용하여 $[^{14}C]GA_{12}$으로부터$\;GA_{15}$의 효소활성의 변화를 조사하였다. 메탄올 침전과 소수성크로마토그래피에 의해 부분 정제된 GA 수산화효소 활성분획은 효율적으로 $GA_{20}$을 $GA_{1}$ 과 $GA_{5}$을 경유하여 $GA_{6}$으로, $GA_{12}$을 $GA_{15},GA_{24}, GA_{9}$을 거쳐 $GA_{4}$로 변환시켰다. 두 품종의 종자성분에 따른 $GA_{12}$로부터 $GA_{15}$의 C-20 수산화효소 활성의 변화와 강약에는 차이가 없었다. 단위 단백질 C-20 수산화효소 활성은 종자가 성숙함에 따라 현저히 감소하였다. 한편 단위 종자당 효소활성은 개화 후 21일 전후에서 최대치를 나타내었는데 이는 $GA_{20}$의 $3{\beta}$-수산화효소활성의 변화와 유사하였다.