• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1998

The following conclusions are based upon data collected and visual observations made during the performance of the tests : 1. The performance of the erosion control products tested was for a particular set of conditions, and may be expected to differ if any or all of the test parameters were to be changed. If even just one parameter is changed from one test to the next, the results can be expected to be different. 2. Due to the fact that only two replications of each product were tested, we believe that the results presented herein are indicative only and not conclusive. 3. The ECB SC produced the least amount of soil erosion followed by ECB S, ECB C, and Coir No. 2, in that order. 4. All of the erosion control blankets tested significantly reduced soil erosion rates with respect to the bare soil controls. 5. The ECB S produced the smallest water runoff rate, followed closely by ECB SC. Next in order were ECB C and Coir No. 2. 6. All of the erosion control blankets reduced the water runoff rate with respect to the bare soil control. 7. Mesh 2cm There was not much difference in plant height for the four erosion control blankets and the bare soil control plots. the ECB S produced slightly taller plants than the rest of the materials tested. 8. The four erosion control blankets(ECB C, ECB SC, ECB S, and Coir No. 2) produced a larger plant mass than the bare soil plots. The difference between the plant mass for the four erosion control blankets, however, is minimal. 9. The ECB C produced the least percentage of lost seed and the largest percentage of germinating seed. 10. The ECB SC had the second smaller percentage of seed lost, followed closely by ECB S, and then by Coir No. 2. 11. All erosion control blankets had a smaller percentage of seed lost than the bare soil control plots. 12. The ECB C had the second largest percentage of germinating seed, followed closely by ECB SC and Coir No. 2. 13. All erosion control blankets had a larger percentage of germinating seed than the bare soil control plots. 14. The ECB C had the smallest percentage of non-germinating seed, followed by ECB S, Coir No. 2, and ECB SC, in that order. 15. All erosion control blankets had smaller percentages of non-germinating seed than the bare soil control plots.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2008

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis palustris Huds.). Seven varieties of CB were evaluated with different experiments. An alternative environment condition requiring for a CB germination test by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$(ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$(natural conditions). In each experiment, data such as seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time were measured. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and varieties. It was 61.50 to 98.25% under ISTA conditions and 55.00 to 98.50% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among CB varieties according to different conditions. Early germination characteristics indicated that all varieties were 1 to 4 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 70% and 90%, was much faster with Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross under ISTA conditions. But it was even faster with L-93 and Penncross when grown under natural conditions. Differences were also observed in germination peak time with varieties and growing conditions. It was 0.57 to 2.86 days under ISTA conditions and 0.74 to 1.74 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest variety was L-93 and the longest one T-1. Considering germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time, Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while L-93, Penn A-1 and Penncross under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper variety selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before golf course construction.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2015

The study was initiated with Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) to investigate germination and early establishment characteristics of new cultivars for a practical application to turfgrass establishment such as parks, athletic field and golf course etc. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in different experiments. An alternative condition for a KB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$ (natural conditions). Seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time were measured in both experiments. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and cultivars. It was 75.25 to 89.50% under ISTA conditions and 75.75 to 90.25% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among KB cultivars according to different environments. Early germination characteristics showed that all cultivars were 3 to 5 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% to 80%, was much faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Midnight' under ISTA conditions. But it was faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Odyssey' under natural conditions. Differences was also observed in germination peak time with cultivars and growing conditions. It ranged 5.94 to 14.88 days under ISTA conditions and 4.71 to 13.06 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest cultivars were 'Odyssey' and 'Midnight II'. The longest ones were 'Nuglade' under ISTA condition and 'Moonlight' under natural conditions. Considering germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time, 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Midnight', and 'Odyssey' were regarded as excellent cultivars under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Odyssey', and 'Courtyard' under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for investigating the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper cultivar selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before turfgrass establishment such as golf course construction.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1979

깨씨무늬병에 심하게 이병된 병팔굉 공시종자는 배양 $5\~7$일에 호영, 내외영 및 주병의 $86\~92\%$ 그리고 과피의 $74\~83\%$가 Helminthosporium oryzae에 감염 되어 있음을 보였다. 동균은 종립전면에 분생포자를 형성하였으며 배유의 약10여세포층까지 감염되어 있었으나 배조직에서는 검출되지 않았다. Fusarium moniliforme는 과피, 경유 및 배조직에서 검출되었으며 F. roseum, Trichoconis padwicku, Curvularia spp., Alternaria tenuis, Cladosporium cladosporoides 및 Phoma sp.는$ 3\%$ 이하의 영 및 과피에서 검출되었다. 배양일주일에 $60\~87\%$가 깨씨무늬 병징을 나타냈으며 $13\~40\%$는 외관상 건전하였다. 깨씨무늬병균은 감염된 종자의 제점으로부터 과피를 거쳐 시아및 유근에 전염 발병케 하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1971

To determine the amylase fromation mechanism and the effect of GA. in germinating barley seeds, they were divided into embryo-less seed, isolated embryo, aleurone layer and pure endosperm etc., treated with GA, and cultured separately or in mixed lots. The result obtained are as follows. 1) The amylase of barley seed is formed in the aleurone layer under the effect of inducing materials excreted from the embryo. 2) The embryonic materials amylase formation could be substituted for by GA. Therefore it can be presumed that the substance produced by the embryo which induces amylase synthesis is probably GA or material similar to it.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.143-156
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• 1974

The purpose of this experiment was to study one side of germination physiology based on that protein profiles and protease relating to protein metabolism, that peroxidase, catalase, $\alpha$-amylase, $\beta$-amylase, and malate dehydrogenase involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of seed germination. All these experiments were divided into the two groups with and without acetone treatment, and were carried out. The protein bands of each germinating stage between the groups treated with and without acetone showed certain basic pattern in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. However, there was a little difference in the number of protein band, optical density, and migration velocity between two groups. The isozyme bands of peroxidase, and catalase between two groups in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis did not show the numeral difference, but the optical density of certain germinating stage treated with acetone was higher than the group untreated with it and it showed their enzyme activity. The $\alpha$-amylase and $\beta$-amylase activities which involved in starch metabolism of seed germination were higher in the treated group than the other. On one hand, the protease activity of hydrolase occurred in the seeds for germination was also higher, more or less in the treated group than in the other. The isozyme band pattern of malate dehydrogenase in TCA cycle of energy metabolism pathway was very different between two groups growing for 72 hours with and without acetone treatment in cellulose acetate electrophoresis. It indicated that two isozyme bands of malate dehydrogenase was high. Consequently these experimental results mentioned above indicated that acetone treatment before sowing had an effect on dissolving certain complexed lipid substance involved in the seed coats, the activity of carbohydrate hydrolase increased with water absorption which was most comfortable in its germination, dissolved glycerin and fatty acid became certain energy source, and they stimulated the acceleration of respiration metabolism.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 1995

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 참당귀(當歸) 종자(種子)의 발아율(發芽率) 향상(向上)과 균일(均一)한 묘생산(苗生産)을 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 온도(溫度), 광(光), $GA_3$처리(處理)와 저장방법(貯藏方法)이 발아(發芽)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보고자 수행(遂行)한 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발아온도(發芽溫度)는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 발아율(發芽率) 87.3%와 발아세(發芽勢) 68.0%로 가장 높고, 평균발아(平均發芽) 일수(日數)도 14.1일(日)로 가장 짧았다. 2. 광조건(光條件)에서의 발아율(發芽率)은 90.7%, 암조건(暗條件)에서는 65.7%로 광조건(光條件)에서 발아(發芽)가 양호(良好)하였다. 3. 종자(種予)의 발아력(發芽力)은 채종후(採種後) 165일(日) 보관(保管)은 $4^{\circ}C$와 $-10^{\circ}C$건조(乾燥) 저장(貯藏)에서는 각각(各各) 92.0와 91.3%로 높았으며, 상온(常溫)에서는 80.3%, 그 이후(以後)에는 급격(急激)히 발아율(發芽率)이 떨어졌다. 4. $GA_3$처리(處理)에 따른 발아율(發芽率)은 $4^{\circ}C$저장(貯藏) 종자(種字)는 $GA_3$ 10ppm에서 49.9%로 무처리(無處理) 29.0%보다 20.9% 증가(增加)되었으며, $-10^{\circ}C$저장(貯藏) 종자(種子)는 6ppm에서 63.0%로 무처리(無處理) 31.3% 보다 31.7% 증가(增加)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 1986

담배종자의 생태를 깊게 이해하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 NC 2326을 공시하여 종자의 형성과정과 명, 암조건하에서의 발아과정을 관찰하고 몇가지 품종의 종자크기를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 종자의 발달은 개화후 7일경에 접합자의 세포분열이 시작되었고, 개화후 12일경에는 떡잎, 배축, 유근 등을 갖춘 최소한의 발아능력을 가진 종자로 형성되었다. 개화후 15일에는 발아율이 30％이하, 개화후 17일 및 21일까지는 발아율이 70%이상의 완전한 종자로 성숙하였다. 2. 종자의 입경은 0.3∼0.6mm 절위에 분포하였으며 품종간 크기의 차이를 보였다. 3. 담배종자는 광조건에서 분리흡수 2일째부터 유근이 신장하기 시작하여 3 일째부터 발아가 시작되었으며 암조건에서는 수분흡수 6일째까지 발아하지 않았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

This study was conducted to improve the postharvest storage techniques of managing and storing seeds, to test qualities and viabilities of the seeds and to examine the germination rate and the protein expression of Achyranthes japonica Nakai. The seeds collected from different areas of Je-Cheon and Gwang-Ju were stored with different temperatures and durations. Two plant growth regulators and two seed priming were treated to investigate their effect on the germination rates and the days required for germination. The weight of one hundred seed collected in Gwang-Ju was heavier than those in Je-Cheon. Seed length collected in Gwang-Ju was also longer about 5.12 mm than those in Je-Cheon about 4.90 mm and seed width was longer in Gwang-Ju than those in Je-Cheon. The rates of seed germination in two different collection areas were higher about 2.9 to 13.0% in Gwang-Ju compared to those in Je-Cheon. Comparing its rates with the storing temperatures and durations, they were not clearly different in between $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ and they also were gradually decreased with getting longer storing durations. The germination rates treated by plant growth regulators were higher with $GA_3$ than those with Kinetin. The highest seed germination rate was appeared at 50 ppm of $GA_3$. Comparing its rates with different seed priming, they were relatively higher with $KNO_3$ than those with PEG6000. In protein expression patterns between before the germinating and after the germinating of seeds, more and clear bands were appeared in the seed after the germination compared to those before the germination of seeds, especially 10 ~ 20 kDa. These results showing more and clear bands were more clearly appeared in Gwang-Ju compared to Je-Cheon. Comparing the protein expression with plant growth regulators and seed primings, $GA_3$ was better expression than those with Kinetin and $KNO_3$ was better than those with PEG6000. More and clear bands were closely related to the germination rates of seeds and more detailed studies would be required.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1979

The undehiscent ginseng seed did not germinate, even if the seeds were treated with GA_3, kinetin or IAA. Only GA_3 stimulated germination of dehiscent ginseng seed. The physiological roles of gibberellic acid on stimulation of the seed germination were enhancing production of soluble carbohydrate and sucrose. Then gibberellic acid stimulated biosynthesis of insoluble cellural materials and amino acids from sugars and incorporation of amino acids into protein. The fruit coat of ginseng seed did not impede water imbibition, but did function as water absorbor and reservoir.