• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.403-407
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• 2000

징거미새우의 정소는 간췌장의 배면 측상부에서 심장사이에 위치하며, 한 쌍의 소엽으로 이루어져 있고 각 소엽의 선단은 서로 연결되어 있다. 그리고 각 소엽은 수많은 세정관이 결합조직으로 연결되어 있다. 각 세정관은 생식세포와 지주세포가 밀착되어 있는 생식세포대를 제외한 부분은 낮은 입방상피에 의해 내강이 형성되어 있고, 세정관의 제일 바깥은 단층편평상피로 둘러싸여 있다. 세정관 사이에는 결합조직 외에 Leydig cell-like cell도 관찰된다. 단층편평상피세포는 얇은 측면으로 연결되어 있고 종종 이웃한 세포와 포개져 있다. 지주세포는 생식세포에 비해 그 수가 현저히 적고, 대부분 생식세포대의 가장자리에 위치하고 있다. 지주세포의 세포질은 기저판과 접해 있어 기저면과 생식세포 사이는 지주세포의 원형질에 의해 분리되어 있다. 지주세포의 핵은 대부분 각져 있고, 크고 현저한 인이 핵의 중심부에 위치하고 있다. 낮은 입방상피세포는 세정관의 기저판과 접하고 있는 기저면과 일부는 생식세포대와 내강 사이에 위치하고 있다. 입방상피세포의 세포질에서는 횡 방향의 크리스테가 발달된 미토콘드리아, 층상구조의 조면소포체 그리고 Golgi 복합체들이 매우 발달되어 있다. 그리고 조면소포체와 Golgi 복합체의 볼록한 형성면 사이에는 전이소낭이, Golgi 복합체의 성숙면에서는 분비소낭이 관찰되며, 상피세포의 선단에 수많은 홈들이 존재하는 점으로 보아 exocytosis에 의해 내강으로의 물질 분비가 이루어지는 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.954-963
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• 2002

Lectin-conjugated praecoxin A is a compound, which is combined Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Lectin with praecoxin A and also known to have an anti-tumor activity. In our lab, in order to investigate its immune reaction other than the anti-tumor activity ever known, we examined cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-12 through their mRNA expressions, which are generally secreted by macrophage both in vivo and in vitro. To analyze, we used RT-PCR for total RNAs of macrophages. As a result, we obtained that both in vitro and in vivo, lectin-conjugated praecoxin A showed an interesting increase on IL-6 and IL-12 even though it may be little hard to say the conjugated form is absolutely more effective than that of lectin or praecoxin A alone for immune response activities. Those results suggest that the conjugated form may give an additional opportunity in a future therapeutic use over its immuno activation properties.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.112-126
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• 1970

This paper deals with cytogenetical and cytochemical studies of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), the funa (Carassius carassius) and their hybrids. When kept under a confined condition, the carp and the funa mate andcan produce hybrids. Reciprocal crosses are also possible with similar results. The hybrids grow regularly with no observed abnormalities in the course of their development. They rank intermediate between the parent species in several characters. The hybrid males are completely sterile, while a hybrid female laid eggs in backcrossing. The spermatogenetic activity in hybrid testes is greatly disturbed. The chromosomes as observed in spermatogonial devision of hybrids are 100 in number, being the total sum of the haploid numbers of the parents, 50 for the carp and 50 for the funa. Meiosis in the hybrid testes is highly disturbed being arrested at early stages of the meiotic prophase. Most of the germ-cells undergo pycnotic degeneration during the period from late leptotene, and no spermatozoa are produced. In some hybrid specimens, the gonads show mosaic structures composed of testicular and ovarian elements, anevidence suggesting that sterility is associated with intersexuality caused by genetic unbalance between the parent species. The DNA amount in spermatogonial nuclei of thehybrids is approximately the same as that of liver nuclei, showing the 2n value. The DNA amount in the pachytene nuclei of the hybrids is less than the 4n value, while the parent species have the reduced amount of DNA in their pachytene nuclei. A consideration was made that the reduced amount of DNA in the hybrid cells may cause the disturbance of cellular activity leading to the subsequent degeneration of cells. Some aspects of enzymatic pattern in the carp, funa and their hybrids are. going on.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.192-198
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• 1981

Protoplasts from Trichoderma koningii were fractioned at varing digestion periods. There were distinct differences between the fractionated protoplasts in CMCase activity and protein content ; namely, protein contents and CMCase activities in the early-protoplasts were higher than the late-produced protoplasts. Reversion frequencies of the early-produced protoplasts. Reversion frequencies of the early-produced protoplasts (0-1hr.) and the late-produced protoplasts (1-2.5 hr.)were 1.25% and 0.56%, respectively. From these results it was assumed that the early-produced protoplasts were more active in physiological metabolism. Meanwhile, in osmotically stabilized liquid medium two distinct reversion patterns of these protoplasts were found. In the first, normal germ tube was developed from the opposite side of the protoplast after the production of an aberrent tube. In the second, reversion occurred through germination of protoplast, but this patterns was uncommon. It is suggested that the the physiological and morphological heterogeneities in protoplast reversion are related to the heterogeneous origins of protoplasts from highly differentiated mycelium.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.491-498
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• 2011

During mammalian fertilization, germ cell-specific hyaluronidases, such as sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1) and hyaluronoglucosaminidase 5 (Hyal5), are important for the dispersal of the cumulus mass. In this study, we demonstrated that bull Hyal5 is a single copy gene on chromosome 4 that is expressed specifically in the testis. In addition, we expressed recombinant bull SPAM1 and Hyal5 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and showed that these enzymes possessed hyaluronidase activity. We also demonstrated that a polyclonal antibody against bull sperm hyaluronidase inhibits sperm-egg interactions in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) assay. Our results suggested that bull Hyal5 may have a critical role in bull fertilization.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 1987

동일한 벼 품종은 수분함량이 다른 토양에서 재배했을 경우, 도열병에 대한 감수성에 차이가 생기는데 그 원인을 조사하기 위하여 잎 표피에서 분생포자발아 및 부착기형성까지의 도열병균 침입전 행동을 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 관찰하였다. 수분함량이 다른 토양에서 자란 벼 잎 사이에 표피세포의 외부형태, 잎 표피에서의 분생포자발아관의 생장 및 생장방향, 부착기의 형태 및 크기는 차이가 없었다. 부착기는 토양수분처리와 상관없이 기동세포$(35\~48\%)$위에 가　 많이 형성되었고 단세포$(19\~27\%)$, 장세포 및 공변세포$(13\~20\%)$의 순이었다. 모분상의 부착기형성은 관찰되지 않았다. 본 시험결과, 수분함량이 다른 토양에서 자란 벼 사이에 나타나는 도열병에 대한 감수성의 차이는 도열병균의 침입전 행동에서 기인하는 것이 아닌 것으로 생각된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2010

Cholinesterase (ChE) is one of the most ubiquitous enzymes and in addition to its well characterized catalytic function, the morphogenetic involvement of ChE has also been demonstrated in neuronal tissues and in non-neuronal tissues such as bone and cartilage. We have previously reported that during mouse tooth development, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is dynamically localized in the dental epithelium and its derivatives whereas butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity is localized in the dental follicles. To test the functional conservation of ChE in tooth morphogenesis among different species, we performed cholinesterase histochemistry following the use of specific inhibitors of developing molar and incisors in the hamster from embryonic day 11 (E11) to postnatal day 1 (P1). In the developing molar in hamster, the localization of ChE activity was found to be very similar to that of the mouse. At the bud stage, no ChE activity was found in the tooth buds, but was first detectable in the dental epithelium and dental follicles at the cap and bell stages. AChE activity was found to be principally localized in the dental epithelium whereas BuChE activity was observed in the dental follicle. In contrast to the ChE activity in the molars, BuChE activity was specifically observed in the secretory ameloblasts of the incisors, whilst no AChE activity was found in the dental epithelium of incisors. The subtype and localization of ChE activity in the dental epithelium of the incisor thus differed from those of the molar in hamster. In addition, these patterns also differed from the ChE activity in the mouse incisor. These results strongly suggest that ChE may play roles in the differentiation of the dental epithelium and dental follicle in hamster, and that morphogenetic subtypes of ChE may be variable among species and tooth types.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2009

[ $TGF-{\beta}1$ ]is well known to induce Ig germ-line ${\alpha}$ ($GL{\alpha}$) transcription and subsequent IgA isotype class switching recombination (CSR). Homeodomain protein TG-interacting factor (TGIF) and E3-ubiquitin ligases TGIF interacting ubiquitin ligase 1 (Tiul1) are implicated in the negative regulation of $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling. In the present study, we investigated the roles of Tiul1 and TGIF in $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA CSR. We found that over-expression of Tiul1 decreased $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activity and strengthened the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on the promoter activity. Likewise, overexpression of TGIF also diminished $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activity and further strengthened the inhibitory effect of Tiul1, suggesting that Tiul1 and TGIF can down-regulate $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GL{\alpha}$ expression. In parallel, overexpression of Tiul1 decreased the expression of endogenous IgA CSR-predicitive transcripts ($GLT_{\alpha},\;PST_{\alpha},\;and\;CT_{\alpha}$) and $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA secretion, but not $GLT_{\gamma3}$ and IgG3 secretion. Here, over-expressed TGIF further strengthened the inhibitory effect of Tiul1. These results suggest that Tiul1 and TGIF act as negatively regulators in $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA isotype expression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the antioxidant activity in the germ cells of the extract of Psoraleae fructus. The extract was studied for dipheny-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, GC-1 cell viability by a modified MTT assay, the effects on $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity by MTT assay and lipid perixidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, respectively. The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical with the IC50 being 0.427 mg/mL. The extract was dose-dependent in growth of GC-1 cell. $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity (67.7 %) was blocked by the extract concentration- dependently. Furthermore, the extract also displayed a dose-dependent reduction of MDA formation on $H_2O_2$-induced lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the extract of Psoraleae fructus has potent antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1527-1535
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• 2018

Bacterial strain BAS23 was isolated from rice field soil and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Based on dual culture method results, the bacterium BAS23 exhibited potent in vitro inhibitory activity on mycelial growth against a broad range of dirty panicle fungal pathogens of rice (Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum and Helminthosporium oryzae). Cell-free culture of BAS23 displayed a significant effect on germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The highest dry weight reduction (%) values of C. lunata, H. oryzae and F. semitectum were 92.7%, 75.7%, and 68.9%, respectively. Analysis of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the lipopeptides were iturin A with a C14 side chain (C14 iturinic acid), and a C15 side chain (C15 iturinic acid), which were produced by BAS23 when it was cultured in nutrient broth (NB) for 72 h at $30^{\circ}C$. BAS23, the efficient antagonistic bacterium, also possessed in vitro multiple traits for plant growth promotion and improved rice seedling growth. The results indicated that BAS23 represents a useful option either for biocontrol or as a plant growth-promoting agent.