• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.106-118
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) management program on traditional Korean medicine in a public health center. Methods: In order to examine the effect of the MCI management program, we investigated MCI patients who participated in the program. MCI patients were treated with Jodeung-san (JDS) or Dangguijagyag-san (DGJYS) for 6 weeks. Mini Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Geriatric Quality of Life-Dementia (GQOL-D), Geriatric Depression Scale in Korea (GDS-K), and biochemical examination of blood were conducted at intervals of 6 weeks. A satisfaction survey was collected after this program. Results: MMSE-DS mean score increased significantly, by 4.09 (p=0.000) in the JDS group and by 4.15 (p=0.000) in the DGJYS group. GQOL-D mean score also increased significantly, by 5.90 (p=0.000) in the JDS group and by 5.07 (p=0.000) in the DGJYS group. GDS-K mean score decreased significantly, by 10.63 (p=0.000) in the JDS group and by 9.69 (p=0.000) in the DGJYS group. MMSE-DS, GDS-K and GQOL-D scores were not significantly different between the JDS and DGJYS groups. All of the participants were satisfied with the program, and 90% of the participants expressed a high intention to participate in the program again. Conclusions: Both Jodeung-san and Dangguijagyag-san treatment showed improvement on cognitive function, depression and quality of life in this program. Additional studies with more subjects will be required to prove credibility and validity more clearly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate objectively measured physical activity (PA) in institutionalized older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to elucidate the influence of autonomic nervous function, salivary cortisol, and PA on cognitive functions based on neurovisceral integration model. Methods: Overall cognitive function was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and executive function was evaluated using semantic verbal fluency test and clock drawing test. Actigraph for PA, HRV and sAA for autonomous function, and the geriatric depression scale for depression were used. Saliva specimens were collected in the morning for sAA and cortisol. Results: Ninety-eight older adults from four regional geriatric hospitals participated in the study. They took 4,499 steps per day on average. They spent 753.93 minutes and 23.12 minutes on average in sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous activity, respectively. In the multiple regression analysis, lower salivary cortisol level (β = - .33, p = .041) and greater step counts (β = .37, p = .029) significantly improved MMSE score. Greater step count (β = .27, p = .016) also exerted a significant influence on verbal fluency, and greater sAA (β= .35, p = .026) was significantly associated with a better clock drawing test result. Conclusion: Salivary cortisol, sAA and physical activity were significantly associated with cognitive functions. To prevent older adults from developing dementia, strategies are needed to increase their overall PA amount by decreasing sedentary time and to decrease salivary cortisol for cognitive function, and to maintain their sympathetic nervous activity for executive function.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

As the living environment is regarded as a key factor that affects the quality of life of the elderly, the necessity for an accurate measurement of depression for the elderly has increased. In order to diagnose accurately, it is crucial to consider variables such as the cognitive characteristics and living conditions. In this study, 301 persons over 65 years old who live in single and couple elderly households over 65 years were surveyed from 1 January 2018 to 2 February to measure the dwelling depression by applying projective images. The correlations between the dwelling depression and projective images are clarified and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated. The correlations between the geriatric dwelling depression index(GDDI) and the GDDI based on projective images(GDDI-I) are clarified. The accuracy of the GDDI-I is analyzed. As a result the projective image questionnaire has a correlation with the existing self-report questionnaire. It is hoped that the results will provide a basis for further researches on psychological diagnoses using the projective method.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence and influencing factors of fecal incontinence, and to analyze the association between fecal incontinence and depression. Methods: The subjects of this study were 233 women living in rural areas, and data were collected using questionnaires from February 24 to May 30, 2012. Fecal incontinence was measured with the Continence Grading Score, and depression with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS through $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANOVA. Results: Of the subjects, 16.7% had fecal incontinence. The prevalence of fecal incontinence was higher in older women ($x^2=23.55$, p<.001), those with vaginal delivery ($x^2=4.81$, p=.049), those with parity of 4 or more ($x^2=13.47$, p=.003), and those with urinary incontinence ($x^2=26.36$, p<.001). The level of depression was significantly higher in older women (F=19.27, p<.001), those with low academic qualification (F=18.17, p<.001), those with urinary incontinence (F=4.15, p=.043), and those with fecal incontinence (F=14.90, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that there should be supports by public health care for fecal incontinence prevention and care programs in order to promote the physical and emotional health of rural women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.259-271
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• 2000

This study was attempted to explore meaning in life and it's relationship to problematic life events, health status and depression among older people. 198samples of elderly were over the age 60 (mean age=70.06) conveniently selected in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected through questionaires by interview with subjects from April, 1, 1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instuments were the main framework in the experiment. They involved meaning fulfillment and problematic life events which were developed by Burbank (1988) and short form geriatric depression scale(Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986). The data were analysed by SAS Program. The results are followed; 1. 172 lists were given out and had objects that would bring meaning to one's life. They were categrized as wishing for offsprings' prosperity, their relation with their grand-children, marriage of their offspring, health of family members, strong family ties, caring for the family, relation with husband, health for self, religious activity, helping others, individual hobbies, needs for growth such as writing, education, relationships with friends and personal achievements. In the end, 50% of total list dealt with in the relationship with their family members. 2. The mean fulfillment of the subjects was 38.31(SD=13.58) with a range of 12-60. The degree fulfillment varied according to the subjects' characteristics such as age group(F=4.44, 0P=.0008), education status (F=6.44, P=.0001), economic status (F=10.27, P=.0001), marrital status (F=9.12, P=.0002) and religious background (F=3.68, P=.006). 3. According to the pearson correlation, analysis significant variables were found between meaning fulfillment and health(r=.47, P=.0001), depression and the number of problematic life events for a life time (r=.147, P=.04), the stress score of problamatic life events for the past one year and the stress score of problematic life events for a life time was r=.43, P=.002, meaning fulfillment and the stress score of problamatic life events r=-.26, P=.04, depression and meaning fulfillment r=-.70, P=.0001 and depression and health r=-.521, P=.0001. 4. According to multiful regression analysis, depression was found as a most predictable variable for health(F=12.51, P=.001).

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a forest healing program in terms of depression, neuropsychological and physiological benefits for the elderly. Methods: For this purpose, we developed a forest therapy program for the elderly who are vulnerable to dementia and conducted a total of 11 sessions of forest therapy activities in a forest once a week. We measured the changes in depression, resting-state Electroencephalography(EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after the program. There were 60 subjects aged over 65 yesrs old. 30 subjects participated in the forest therapy program, and the other were in the control group. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to measure the level of depression, neuroNicle FX2 (Laxtha, Korea) was used to measure the resting-state EEG, and photoplethymogram (ubpulse T1, Laxtha, Korea) was used to measure the HRV. Results: The results showed that the depression index of the experimental group improved with statistical significance after the program (experiment group = 3.267 decrease of the mean). In the EEG measurement, the alpha-peak frequency at rest (experimental group = 0.227 Hz increase of the mean) was improved (mean increase = 0.23 in the experimental group, p < .05). The high frequency of HRV, which represents the parasympathetic nerve activity of the body's autonomous response, was also significantly improved (mean increase = 0.396 in the experimental group, p < .05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the forest therapy program can reduce the cognitive, psychological and physical risk factors of dementia for the elderly at risk of cognitive decline. Therefore, forest therapy activities may be suitable for the prevention of dementia in the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.402-411
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a cognitive enhancement program combined Silbot on cognitive function, depression, and dementia prevention behavior in the elderly complaining of subjective memory decline. The subjects were 170 elderly people living in Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, and the study was performed at a welfare center. A total of 20 sessions program using Silbot and physical activity was developed and applied, and were evaluated using the Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Geriatric depression Scale(GDS) , and Dementia Prevention Behavior before and after intervention. As a result of the study, the cognitive enhancement program combined Silbot showed statistically significant changes in cognitive function (t=-4.49, p<.001) and depression (t=2.58, p=.023) in the elderly. Therefore, it is expected that the cognitive enhancement program using Silbot will be a useful program that can enhance the cognitive function of the elderly and reduce depression.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect on psychosocial status in elderly women with chronic low back pain after practicing lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball, and to developed and activated on exercise program for healthy senile life. Methods : The subjects were 23 elderly women with chronic low back pain. Mean age of subjects was $67{\pm}13$ years. The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball was performed 3 times a week during the 8 weeks study period. The research tool were ODI(Oswestry Disability Index), VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), SES(Self-esteem Scale), GDSSF-K(Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version), PSS (perceived stress scale), Life satisfaction, and MMSE-K. The analysis of data was processed by the statistical program SPSS 12.0 and paired t-test and frequency analysis were used to compare psychosocial status between the pretest and post tests. Result : The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball increased significantly SES and Life satisfaction of subjects, and ODI, VAS(trunk flexion & trunk extention), GDSSF-K, and PSS were decreased significantly(p<.05). While VAS(trunk rotation) were not significantly. Conclusion : The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball improved psychosocial status in elderly women with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.429-444
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• 1999

This study was performed to explore the effects of a dance therapy on physical and psychological characteristics in the elderly. The design of this study was a non-equivalent pre-post test experiment. The subjects consisted of elderly persons living in a facility located in Suweon and Bucheon. Fifty eight subjects, aged between 65 and 93 years who had normal cognition, sensory function, balance, and resting blood pressure. They underwent tests of balance, flexibility, muscle strength, depression, and anxiety as baseline data before dance therapy, and at 6th week and at the end of the 12nd week after following dance therapy. Twenty seven elderly persons were assigned to the experimental group and participated with the dance therapy between April and July, 1998. The dance therapy was developed by the author with the help of a dance therapist and a physiatrist. This therapy was based on the Marian Chace's dance therapy and Korean traditional dance with music. The dance therapy consists of 50 minutes session, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. One session was consisted of warming-up, expression, catharsis, sharing, and closing stage. The intensity of the dance therapy was at the 40 % of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. Data were analysed with mead standard deviation, Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple regression using SAS program. 1. The results related to the physical characteristics were as follows : 1) The balance (standing on one leg, walking on the balancing bar), flexibility and muscle strength (knee extensor, knee flexor, ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor) of the experimental subjects significantly increased over time mere than that of the control subjects. 2) The experimental group had significantly higher score for balance, flexibility, muscle strength of knee extensor, and knee flexor than the control group at the 12nd week after dance therapy. 3) The experimental group had significantly higher score for muscle strength of ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor than the control group at the 6th week and the 12nd week after dance therapy. 2. The results related to psychological characteristics were as follows : 1) Scores of Geriatric Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale of the experimental group were significantly decreased over time more than that of the control group. 2) The experimental group had significantly lower score for depression than the control group at the 12nd week after dance therapy. 3) The experimental group had significantly lower score for anxiety than the control group at the 6th week and the 12nd week after dance therapy. The findings showed that the dance therapy could be effective in improving the balances, flexibility, and muscle strength of lower limb, and effective in decreasing the depression and anxiety of the elderly. Additional merits of the dance therapy would be inexpensiveness, easy accessibility, and increasing interpersonal relationship. It can be suggested that the dance therapy is effective in the health promotion of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.170-177
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to identify factors influencing the quality of sleep in elderly women with urinary incontinence and examine the relationship among the factors. Methods: The study investigated 113 elderly women with urinary incontinence who were subject to the visiting care program at health centers in D-gu, D-si, South Korea. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 19.0 along with ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of the participants was found to be $11.41{\pm}4.34$. As a result of the correlation analysis, PSQI was found to have significant correlations with Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (BFLUTS) (r= .32, p< .001). The Korean version of Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (K-PASE) was (r= -.34, p< .001) and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF) was (r= .23, p= .012). Multiple regression analysis found sleeping pill use (${\beta}=-.35$, p< .001) had the strongest influence on PSQI, followed by physical activity (${\beta}=-.20$, p< .001), depression (${\beta}=.20$, p< .001), and lower urinary tract symptoms (${\beta}=.19$, p< .001). The total model explanatory power was 28.3% (F= 12.07, p< .001). Conclusion: The study findings are expected to be useful for enhanced understanding of the quality of sleep in elderly women with urinary incontinence.