• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2009

We investigated the perceptual structure of Korean consonants by analyzing the confusion among consonants in various vowel contexts. The 36 CV syllable types combined by 18 consonants and 2 vowels (/i/ and /u/) were presented with masking noises or in degraded intensity. The confusion data were analyzed by the INDSCAL (Individual Difference Scaling), ADCLUS (Additive Clustering) and the probability of the transmitted information. The results were compared with those of a previous study with /a/ vowel context (Bae and Kim, 2002). The overall results showed that the laryngeal features-aspiration, lax and tense-are the most salient features in the perception of Korean consonant regardless of vowel contexts, but the perceptual saliency of place features varies across vowel conditions. In high vowel (front and back vowel) contexts, sibilant consonants were perceptually salient compared to in low vowel contexts. In back vowel contexts, grave (labial and velar) consonants were perceptually salient. These findings imply that place features and vowel features strongly interact in speech perception as well as in speech production. All statistical measures from our confusion data ensured that the perceptual structure of Korean consonants correspond to the hierarchical structure suggested in the feature geometry (Clements, 1991). We discuss the link between speech perception and production as the basis of phonology.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1999

An enzyme derived conformational changes of cobalamine is thought to be important in the homolytic cleavage of Co-C bond which is the first step of catalytic Cl-cycle of coenzyme B12-dependent enzymes. Modern 2D-NMR and NMR-based distance geometric studies were carried out to determine the 3D structure of corrin ring. Homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments were performed for complete 1H-NMR signal assignments. Distances between numerous proton pairs were deduced based on the NOE cross peak intensities and subsequently used as input into the distance geometry program for the 3D structure determination. The detailed 3D structure from the present NMR-based analysis was compared with the result from X-ray crystallographic study, which revealed greater conformational changes occur in benzimidazole group and sugar ring than in macrocyclic corrin and tetrapyrrole. In addition, the distance geometry used in this study was found to be quite useful for NMR-based structure determination of medium-sized molecules that give poor NOE effects arising from their intermediate tumbling rate ($\omega$$\tau$c 1.0).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.761-763
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• 2001

Dendrimers represent a new class of synthetic macromolecules characterized by a regularly branched treelike structure. Dendrimer can be made with high regularity and controlled molecular weight. Peculiar features of the dendritic geometry are the large number of end groups as well as the shape persistence in higher generations, approaching spherical geometry. One of the most peculiar characteristics of dendritic macromolecules is their controlled molecular structure and orientation, which means that they have a practical application in achieving a highly organized molecular arrangement. We attempted to fabricate a G4-48PyA dendrimer LB films containing 48 pyridinealdoxime functional end group that could form a complex structure with metal ions. Also, we investigated the surface activity of dendrimer films at air-water interface. And we have studied the electrical properties of the ultra-thin dendrimer LB films. The electrical properties of the ultra-thin dendrimer LB films were investigated by studying the current-voltage(I-V) characteristics of metal/dendrimer LB films/metal (MIM) structure. And rectifying behavior of the devices was occurred in applied field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.769-772
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• 2002

Dendrimers are well-defined macromolecules exhibiting a tree-like structure, first derived by the cascade molecule approach. Peculiar features of the dendritic geometry are the large number of end groups as well as the shape persistence in higher generations, approaching spherical geometry. And one of the most peculiar characteristics of dendritic macromolecules is their controlled molecular structure and orientation, which means that they have a practical application in achieving a highly organized molecular arrangement. We attempted to fabricate a dendrimer LB films containing 48 pyridinepropanol functional end group. As the pyridinepropanol functional group could form a complex structure with metal ions. We investigated the surface activity of dendrimer films at air-water interface compared with pure dendrimer and its complex with $Fe^{2+}$ ions into subphase. We though that metal ions are contributed to networking or branching reaction between dendrimers. And we expected that it can result in the differences on the electrical properties. We have studied the electrical properties of the ultra thin dendrimer LB films investigated by the current-voltage characteristics of metal dendrimer LB films/metal (MIM) structure.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.6 s.46
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• pp.67-73
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• 2005

Precise analysis of soil-structure interaction requires a proper description of soil profile. However, such approach becomes generally nearly unpractical for soil exhibiting material discontinuity and complex geometry since meshes should match that material discontinuity line. To overcome these difficulties, a different numerical integration method is adopted in this paper, which enables to integrate easily over an element with material discontinuity without regenerating mesh fellowing the discontinuity line. As a result the mesh is highly structured, loading to very regular silliness matrix. The influence of the shape of soil profile on the response is examined and it is seen that the proposed soil-structure analysis method can be easily used on soil-structure interaction problems with complicated soil profile and produce reliable results regardless of material discontinuities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

In recent years, the finite element method has become one of the most popular numerical technique for obtaining solutions of engineering science problems. However, there exist various uncertainties in modeling the problems, such as the dimensions(geometry shape), the material properties, boundary conditions, etc. The consideration for the uncertainties inherent in the problems can be made by understanding the influences of uncertain parameters[1]. Determining the influences of uncertainties as statistical quantities using the standard finite element method requires enormous computing time, while the probabilistic finite element method is realized as an efficient scheme[2,3] yielding statistical solution with just a few direct computations. In this paper, a formulation of the probabilistic fluid-structure interaction problem accounting for the first order perturbation of geometric shape is derived, and especially probabilistical acoustic pressure scattering from the structure with surrounding fluid is focused on. In Section 2, governing equations for the fluid-structure problems are given. In Section 3, a finite element formulation, based on the functional, is presented. First order perturbation of geometric shape with randomness is incorporated into the finite element formulation in conjunction with discretization of the random fields in Section 4 and 5. Finally, the proposed formulation is applied to a acoustic pressure scattering problem from an infinitely long cylindrical shell structure with randomness of radial perturbation.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.157-169
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• 2002

In the initial stages of ship design, designers represent geometry, arrangement, and dimension of hull structures with 2D geometric primitives such as points, lines, arcs, and drawing symbols. However, these design information(‘2D geometric primitives’) defined in the drawing sheet require more intelligent translation processes by the designers in the next design stages. Thus, the loss of design semantics could be occurred and following design processes could be delayed. In the initial design stages, it is not easy to adopt commercial 3D CAD systems, which have been developed f3r being used in detail and production design stages, because the 3D CAD systems require detailed input for geometry definition. In this study, a semantic product model data structure was proposed, and an initial structural CAD system was developed based on the proposed data structure. Contents(‘product model data and design knowledges’) of the proposed data structure are filled with minimal input of the designers, and then 3D solid model and production material information can be automatically generated as occasion demands. Finally, the applicability of the proposed semantic product model data structure and the developed initial structural CAD system was verified through application to deadweight 300,000ton VLCC(Very Large Crude oil Carrier) product modeling procedure.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

Through advanced computer technology, our physical environment became a flexible and liquid space that is a multi-functional space structure, hetero-alliance, formless, interactivity. We attempt to interpretate Deleuze's Other geometry as a space designer. Hence first, the aim of this study is to define the meaning of the Other and Other geometry. Second, to extract keywords out of the Other geometry to analyze the work. Third, to analyze the work using the space formative languages(blob, blurring, distortion, folding, layering, lightness, nesting, repetition, shear, transparency, twisting, unfolding, warping, waving, and weaving). The 13 works were selected which have been issued after year 2000 with the focus on liquid space studies. The methods of this study are literature research and contents analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, the source is the Other who is a hidden potentials in the surrounding environment, and this source has the capability of making it part of reality anytime. Other geometry means it is a theory that is comprised of various lines that with the kind of experiences that one has in life. Second, the key words that were extracted from the theory of Deleuze's Other geometry were of (1)hetero-alliance(reflected in a sculptured shape or a fluid abstract form), (2)dis-form(by speculating the user's movements, and combining space elements with external forces), (3)interactivity (information was exchanged real time between the user and his environment where the space took on a sensory institution). Finally, after studying the works using the space formative languages, we found that blob, warping, waving were used externally, and repetition, warping and waving for mostly used internally.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2006

The content and method of geometry taught in secondary school is rooted in 'Elements' by Euclid. On the other hand, however, there are differences between the content and structure of the current textbook and the 'Elements'. The gaps are resulted from attempts to develop the geometry education. Specially, the content and method for the proportional relations of geometric figures has been varied. In this study, we reviewed the changes of the proportional relations of geometric figures with pedagogical point of view. The conclusion that we came to is that the proportional relations in incommensurable case Is omitted in secondary school. Teacher's understanding about the proportional relations of geometric figures is needed for meaningful geometry education.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.545-560
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• 1998

Let ø and A be denoted by the structure tensor field of type (1,1) and by the shape operator of a real hypersurface in a complex space form $M_{n}$ (c), c $\neq$ 0 respectively. The main purpose of this paper is to prove that if a real hypersurface in $M_{n}$ (c) satisfies $R_{ξ}$ øA = $AøR_{ξ}$, then the structure vector field ξ is principal, where $R_{ξ}$ / is the Jacobi operator with respect to ξ.