• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

Among Solar activities' events, the geomagnetic storms are believed to cause the largest atmospheric effects. The geomagnetic storm is a complex process of solar wind/magnetospheric origin. It is well known to affect severely on the ionosphere. However, this effect of this complex process will maybe act at various altitudes in the atmosphere, even including the lower layer and the neutral middle atmosphere, particularly the stratosphere. Nowadays, the GPS-derived ZTD (zenith tropospheric delay) can be transformed into the precipitable water vapor (PWV) through a function relation, and further has been widely used in meteorology, especially in improving the precision of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. However, such geomagnetic effects on the atmosphere are ignored in GPS meteorology applications. In this paper, we will investigate the geomagnetic storms' effects on the middle atmosphere and troposphere (0-100km) by GPS observations and other data. It has found that geomagnetic storms' effect on the atmosphere also appears in the troposphere, but the mechanism to interpret correlations in the troposphere need be further studied.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2015

Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), which originate from active regions of the Sun's surface, e.g., sunspots, result in geomagnetic storms on Earth. The variation of the Earth's geomagnetic field during such storms induces surface currents that could cause breakdowns in electricity power grids. Hence, it is essential to both monitor Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in real time and analyze previous GIC data. In 2012, in order to monitor the variation of GICs, the Korean Space Weather Center (KSWC) installed an induced current measurement system at SINGAPYEONG Substation, which is equipped with 765 kV extra-high-voltage transformers. Furthermore, in 2014, two induced current measurement systems were installed on the 345 kV high-voltage transformers at the MIGEUM and SINPOCHEON substations. This paper reports the installation process of the induced current measurement systems at these three substations. Furthermore, it presents the results of both an analysis performed using GIC data measured at the SINGAPYEONG Substation during periods of geomagnetic storms from July 2013 through April 2015 and the comparison between the obtained GIC data and magnetic field variation (dH/dt) data measured at the Icheon geomagnetic observatory.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2017

It is well known that there are good relations of coronal hole (CH) parameters such as the size, location, and magnetic field strength to the solar wind conditions and the geomagnetic storms. Especially in the minimum phase of solar cycle, CHs in mid- or low-latitude are one of major drivers for geomagnetic storms, since they form corotating interaction regions (CIRs). By adopting the method of Vrsnak et al. (2007), the Space Weather Research Center (SWRC) in Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has done daily forecast of solar wind speed and Dst index from 2010. Through years of experience, we realize that the geomagnetic storms caused by CHs have different characteristics from those by CMEs. Thus, we statistically analyze the characteristics and causality of the geomagnetic storms by the CHs rather than the CMEs with dataset obtained during the solar activity was very low. For this, we examine the CH properties, solar wind parameters as well as geomagnetic storm indices. As the first result, we show the different trends of the solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices depending on the degree of solar activity represented by CH (quiet) or sunspot number (SSN) in the active region (active) and then we evaluate our forecasts using CH information and suggest several ideas to improve forecasting capability.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-24
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• 2009

태양주기 23의 태양흑점과 코로나질량방출(Coronal Mass Ejection, CME), 지자기폭풍과의 상호 연관성을 알아보기 위해 CME의 연도별 발생빈도 분포와 북-남 비대칭 분포, 태양흑점수와 면적의 연평균 분포와 북-남 비대칭 분포, 지자기폭풍의 연도별 발생빈도 분포와의 상호 상관관계를 알아보았다. 1996년부터 2007년까지의 SOHO/LASCO 목록 CME의 위치정보를 이용하여 북쪽 반구에서 발생한 CME와 남쪽 반구에서 발생한 CME의 연도별 발생빈도 분포를 알아내었다. 태양흑점수와 면적을 북쪽 반구와 남쪽 반구를 구분하여 그 연평균 분포를 구하였고 지자기 교란정도를 알 수 있는 Ap지수, Dst지수, aa지수를 이용하여 지자기폭풍의 연도별 발생빈도 분포를 구하였다. 이렇게 구한 각각의 분포간의 상호 상관관계를 구하였다. 또한 CME를 각 너비(Angular Width)와 속도(Linear Speed)에 따라 분류하여 흑점 분포, 지자기폭풍의 발생빈도 분포와 상관관계도 알아보았다. 그 결과 CME의 전체 발생빈도는 흑점수와 면적의 전체 분포와의 상관관계가 높았고 흑점수와 면적의 북-남 비대칭 분포와는 상관관계가 낮았다. CME의 북-남 비대칭 분포는 흑점의 북-남 비대칭 분포와 상관관계가 높았다. CME와 지자기폭풍 발생빈도 분포와의 상관관계를 살펴 본 결과 CME 전체나 북-남 비대칭 분포와는 상관도가 낮게 나왔다. 그러나 CME를 규모별로 나누어 그 총 발생빈도와의 상관관계를 알아 본 결과 Ap지수와 aa지수는 속도가 빠른 경우, Dst지수는 각너비나 속도별로 나눈 모든 경우에 상관도가 높게 나왔다. 흑점과 지자기폭풍 발생빈도의 경우 흑점수와 면적의 전체 분포와 지자기폭풍 사이의 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. 이 결과를 통해 CME의 발생빈도 분포는 흑점의 분포와 연관성이 높고 이 둘의 전체 분포와 지자기폭풍의 발생빈도 분포와의 연관성이 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 CME, 흑점의 북-남 비대칭 분포와 지자기폭풍의 발생빈도 분포의 경우 연관성이 낮은 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2004년도 한국우주과학회보 제13권1호
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• pp.93-93
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• 2004

We have examined the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements during geomagnetic storm main phase. The Dst index has been used to identify more than 100 geomagnetic storms which occurred in the time interval of 1997 to 2001. We have selected only the events having the minimum Dst value less than -50 nT. In order to identify the pressure impact, we have looked at the low latitude ground H data as well as the solar wind pressure data themselves. (omitted)

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2004년도 한국우주과학회보 제13권1호
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• pp.37-37
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• 2004

It is well known that solar activity such as coronal mass ejections(CMEs) and flares is a direct driver of space weather. In this talk, we introduce its main physical characteristics and physical connections among CMEs(or flares) -Interplanetary(IP) shocks - interplanetary CMEs (or magnetic clouds) - geomagnetic storms. Specifically, solar activity is discussed in terms of space weather scales (R:Radio Blackout, S: Solar Radiation Storms, G: Geomagnetic Storms). (omitted)

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2003

This paper is for the investigation of the relationship between the geomagnetic disturbances and the relativistic electron events occurring at geosynchronous orbit. We have analyzed the electron fluxes of E > 2 MeV measured by GOES 10 satellite and the hourly Dst index for the period of April, 1999 to December, 2002. With the rigorous definition of the relativistic event, total 34 events were identified during the time period. Our statistical study showed that more than 50% of the total events occurred associated with weak (or sometimes virtually no) magnetic storms. And only ~ 20% of the events took place accompanied by a strong magnetic storm of $Dst_{min}$ < -100 nT. This result suggests that large geomagnetic storms may not be crucial for the occurrence of a relativistic event at geosynchronous orbit. We also found that there is no clear correlation between the maximum electron flux of an event and the associated minimum of Dst. Therefore any study on the physical mechanism (s) accounting for the relativistic events should take it into account that strong magnetic storms may not be necessarily required for the occurrence of a relativistic electron event at geosynchronous orbit.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2015

Storm sudden commencements (SSCs) occur due to a rapid compression of the Earth's magnetic field. This is generally believed to be caused by interplanetary (IP) shocks, but with exceptions. In this paper we explore possible causes of SSCs other than IP shocks through a statistical study of geomagnetic storms using SYM-H data provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism - Kyoto and by applying a superposed epoch analysis to simultaneous solar wind parameters obtained with the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. We select a total of 274 geomagnetic storms with minimum SYM-H of less than -30nT during 1998-2008 and regard them as SSCs if SYM-H increases by more than 10 nT over 10 minutes. Under this criterion, we found 103 geomagnetic storms with both SSC and IP shocks and 28 storms with SSC not associated with IP shocks. Storms in the former group share the property that the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), proton density and proton velocity increase together with SYM-H, implying the action of IP shocks. During the storms in the latter group, only the proton density rises with SYM-H. We find that the density increase is associated with either high speed streams (HSSs) or interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), and suggest that HSSs and ICMEs may be alternative contributors to SSCs.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회논문집
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• pp.9-14
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• 2004

In this study, we analyzed that the geomagnetic storms in the end of October 2003 influenced a positioning of GPS permanent stations. The data that observed in total 23 permanent GPS stations are used, and did a precisely analysis every hour with GIPSY-OASIS II software to produced ITRF2000 coordinates of each stations. After that we analyzed and compared the ITRF2000 coordinates calculated every hour with public ITRF2000 results of each stations. As a result of this study, the increases of positioning errors showed well when geomagnetic storms happened and the maximum error reached about 0.80m.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.63.1-63.1
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• 2013

To improve the forecast capability of geomagnetic storms, we consider the real time solar and near Earth conditions together, since the characteristics of CMEs can be modified during their transit from the Sun to the Earth, and the geomagnetic storms may be directly affected by not only solar events but also near Earth interplanetary conditions. Using 55 CME-Dst pairs associated with M- and X-class solar flares, which have clearly identifiable source regions during 1997 to 2003, we confirm that the peak values of negative magnetic field Bz and duskward electric field Ey prior to Dst minimum are strongly related with Dst index. We suggest the solar wind criteria (Bz<-5 nT or Ey>3 mV/m for t>2 hr) for moderate storm less than -50 nT by modifying the criteria for intense storms less than -100 nT proposed by Gonzalez and Tsurutani (GT, 1987). As the results, 90% (28/31) of the storms are correctly forecasted by our criteria. For 15 exceptional events that are incorrectly forecasted by only CME parameters, 12 cases (80%) can be properly forecasted by solar wind criteria. When we applying CME and solar wind conditions together, all geomagnetic storms (Dst<-50 nT) are correctly forecasted. Our results show that, the storm forecast capability of the 2~3 days advanced warning based on CME parameters can be improved by combining with the urgent warning based on the near Earth solar wind condition.