• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.529-534
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• 1997

Genetic and morphological variations of Rhinogobius giurinus were surveyed. Populations of R.giurinus were clearly divided into two forms (Form-A and Form-B). Starch gel variation of this species. Three loci (Aco, Mpi, aGpd) out of 27 showed fixed allelic differences between Form-A and Form-B and they are well differentiated from each other genetically (Rogers' S=0.871). These two forms, moreover, are found to be allopatric in distribution and morphologi cally different in body length and caudal fin color pattern. Therefore, they are considered as two distinct taxa of subspecific rank. In addition, the genetic relationships among 5 taxa within 4 species of the genus Rhinogobius were investigated. Three species of the Rhinogobius brunneus complex (R.sp. OR, R. sp. CB and R. sp. CO) are well differentiated from each other genetically and two taxa of R. giurinus are genetically divergent from three species of the Rhinosotius brunneus complex (average Nei's D=0.603, average Rogers'=0.534).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2008

North Korea is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world for drought but still it is difficult to find scientific researches for understanding of the drought characteristics. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of meterological drought severity and classified the drought development types in North Korea. All eleven drought indices were tested such as seasonal rainfall, PDS, SPI and so on, and then drew the drought risk map by each indicator using frequency analysis and GIS(Geographic Information Systems) for twenty one meteorological stations. In addition meteorological drought characteristics in North Korea was classified to six patterns on Si/Gun administrative units using cluster analysis on the drought indicators. The cluster III has the strongly drought-resistant area due to sufficient rainfall and the cluster V was considered as the most drought-vulnerable area, Pungsan and Sinpo, because of the severest drought condition for eight drought indicators. The results of this study are expected to be provided for the basic understanding of regionalized drought severity and characteristics confronting the risk of drought from climate variations in North Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.591-603
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• 2016

Investigations of Enterobius sp. infection in prehistory have produced a body of data that can be used to evaluate the geographic distribution of infection through time in the Americas. Regional variations in prevalence are evident. In North America, 119 pinworm positive samples were found in 1,112 samples from 28 sites with a prevalence of 10.7%. Almost all of the positive samples came from agricultural sites. From Brazil, 0 pinworm positive samples were found in 325 samples from 7 sites. For the Andes region, 22 pinworm positive samples were found in 411 samples from 26 sites for a prevalence of 5.3%. Detailed analyses of these data defined several trends. First, preagricultural sites less frequently show evidence of infection compared to agricultural populations. This is especially clear in the data from North America, but is also evident in the data from South America. Second, there is an apparent relationship between the commonality of pinworms in coprolites and the manner of constructing villages. These analyses show that ancient parasitism has substantial value in documenting the range of human behaviors that influence parasitic infections.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2024

Brown rot disease, caused by Monilinia spp., poses a significant threat to pome and stone fruit crops globally, resulting in substantial economic losses during pre- and post-harvest stages. Monilinia fructigena, M. laxa, and M. fructicola are identified as the key agents responsible for brown rot disease. In this study, we employed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method to assess the genetic diversity of 86 strains of Monilinia spp. isolated from major stone fruit cultivation regions in South Korea. Specifically, strains were collected from Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, and Jeolla provinces (-do). A comparative analysis of strain characteristics, such as isolation locations, host plants, and responses to chemical fungicides, was conducted. AFLP phylogenetic classification using 20 primer pairs revealed the presence of three distinct groups, with strains from Jeolla province consistently forming a separate group at a high frequency. Furthermore, M. fructicola was divided into three groups by the AFLP pattern. Principal coordinate analysis and PERMANOVA were applied to compare strain information, such as origin, host, and fungicide sensitivity, revealing significant partition patterns for AFLP according to geographic origin and host plants. This study represents the utilization of AFLP methodology to investigate the genetic variability among M. fructicola isolates, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring and management of variations in the brown rot pathogen.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.199-217
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• 2016

Influences of seasonal warming and cooling rates on the annual temperature patterns were analyzed based on the meteorological data from 13 weather stations in Busan Metropolitan Area(BMA), Korea during 1997~2014. BMA daily temperature time-series was generalized by Fourier analysis, which mathematically summarizes complex, regularly sampled periodic records, such as air temperature, into a limited number of major wave components. Local monthly warming and cooling rates of BMA were strongly governed by the ocean effect within the city. March($1.121^{\circ}C/month$) and November(-$1.564^{\circ}C/month$) were the two months, when the most rapid warming and cooling rates were observed, respectively during the study period. Geographically, spring warming rates of inland increased more rapidly compared to coastal areas due to weaker ocean effect. As a result, the annual maximum temperature was reached earlier in a location, where the annual temperature range was larger, and therefore its July mean temperature and continentality were higher. Interannual analyses based on average temperature data of all weather stations also showed that the annual maximum temperature tended to occur earlier as the city's July mean temperature increased. Percent area of impervious surfaces, an indicator of urbanization, was another contributor to temperature change rates of the city. Annual mean temperature was positively correlated with percent area of impervious surfaces, and the variations of monthly warming and cooling rates also increased with percent area of impervious surfaces.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 1989

Genetic and morphometric comparison between two species of the genus Agkistrodon were performed to estimate the degree of genic variation and to clarify the taxonomic status of Cheju population, a suspected hybrid form between A. blomhoffii brevicaudus and A u ussuriensis. A sum of 147 specimens representing six populations of A.b. brevicaudus and two populations of A ussuriensis was used in this study. Out of the 21 loci examined, 5 loci (Adh, Ldh-2, Mdh-2, Mpi, Pgi) were monomorphic with identical mobility in both species. O Other Sioci (Aco, Gp, Fum, [po and Xdh in A b. brevicaudus; Est, Got-l, Gp, Mdh-l and 6Pgd in A ussuriensis) were highly poplymorphic. The degree of genic variation of Ab. b brevicaudus and A ussuriensis was A=1.SS, P=42.1%, HD=0.096, HG=O.l1S, and A= 1.4S, P = 31.6%, HD=0.117, HG =0.121, repectively. These values are twofold higher t than those of other reptilian species reported (Selander, 1976) including Korean species of Rhabdophis tigrina and Elaphe dione (Paik and Yang, 1986, 1987). The average values of t the genetic similarities among six populations of A b. brevicaudus and two populations of A ussuriensis were S=0.919 and S=0.962, respectively, whereas the value between species was S = 0.662. Presumed divergent time estimate (Nei, 1975) of these two species was about 1 1.8 million years ago. The analysis of the geographic variations of various morphological c characters was based on Gloyd’s criteria (Gloyd, 1972). Coloration of tongue and tail tip, t the number of ventral scales, and the number of subcaudal scales are good diagnostic c characters to identify these two species. The pattern of cross band is, however, highly variable within and between populations of both species. No hybrid was detected and the s suspected hybrid form of Cheju population falls within the range of A. ussuriensis in the g genetic and morphometric analyses.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.1 no.1_2
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• pp.42-53
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• 1989

The geographic variations of the number and morphology of scutes of eightspine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis, in the southern half of the Korean peninsula were investigated. The two subspecies, P. sinensis sinensis and P. sinensis kaibarae, showed a bit of difference in the number of scutes but there was no geocline as a whole. In the frequencies of individuals with the different number of scutes between the left and right body side, there was also difference between the two subspecies, and the specimens from the Hyongsan River showed great variation. The populations of Kumho River had the largest scutes. But the specimens of the Hyongsan River had small and degenerated scutes different from all other populations, and some individuals showed the semiarmatus type arrangement of scute. Therefore, this population may be called the special type of P. sinensis. In the relationship between the time of landlocking and the size of scutes, it was speculated that the population of the Hyongsan River was landlocked long years ago and other populations of P. sinensis kaibarae except the Kumho River were landlocked more recently. For the population of the Kumho River, however, it seemed that there was no relation between salt tolerance or landlocking and number or developmental state of scutes as this landlocked population had well developed and large number of scutes.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.282-291
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• 1996

The song of the bush warbler, Cettia diphone, consists of an introdudory whisde portion and a complex ending syllable portion. In bush warbiers, a song with two or fewer notes in the whistle portion is classified as an a song mode, while a song with three or more notes in the whistle portion as a $\beta$ song mode. Although some variations occur in mode seledion by individuals and populations, the proportion of a mode songs to total songs is 55% (range 51.6-58.7%) on average. The a mode has a higher dominant frequency in the whistle portion than does the $\beta$ mode, but the number of syllables m the complex ending syllable portion is fewer. Bush warbler mode sequences are defined as $\alpha$$\alpha$, $\alpha$$\beta$, $\beta$$\alpha$ and $\beta$$\beta$ mode sequences. In order to test the hypothesis that song modes and mode sequences play a role in the defence of territory in Jeju and Wando populations in the south-coastal geographic song variation group, playback experiments were executed. Mode sequences differed between naturally produced songs and songs produced in response to playback for two populations. In particular, for birds in the Wando populations our results indicate that the use of song modes may be affeded by habitat, singing site and type of territory, and further propose that particular mode sequences may play a more important role than song mode in vocal interadions.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.242-251
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• 1989

Morphometric and genetic analyses on six populations of the two subspecies of Cobitis koreensis were performed to investigate the geographic variation and to clarify their taxonomic status. No significant differences between subspecies were found. Puan population of C. k. pumilus tends to be smaller in numbers of cross bars and dorsal spots, than those of C. k. koreensis populations with no statistical significance. Average degree of genic variation among six populations of the two subspecies was A=1.5, P =37.3%, HD=0.053, and HG=0.097. Marginal populations of Samchog (C. k. koreensis) and Puan(C. k. pumilus) were least variable: A= 1.3, P=23.8%, HD=0.0l0, HG=0.043, and A= 1.2, P=19.0%, HD=0.029, HG=0.078 respectively.The difference between HD and HG in all populations may indicate a patchness distribution between demes within each population. Genetic similarities between the two subspecies were, on the average, S=0.894, and this value correspond to the average genetic similarities among five populations of C. k. koreensis (5=0.899). Chongup population of C. k. koreensis and Puan population of C. k. pumilus was most similar genetically (5 =0.931). The results of morphometric and genetic analysis in this study indicate that C. k. pumilus is not a valid subspecies and should be considered as a population of C. koreensis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

Land price contains the comprehensive characteristics of urban space, representing the social and economic features of the city. Accordingly, land price can be utilized as an indicator, which can identify the changes of spatial structure and socioeconomic variations caused by urban development. This study attempted to explore the change in land price by the road construction. Methodologically, it adopted Space Syntax, which can interpret urban spatial structure comprehensively, to identify the relationship between the forms of road networks and land price. The analytical results show that the correlation between 'integration index of Space Syntax' with 'officially assessed land price' was the highest, and as integration was higher, 'officially assessed land price' increased. Subsequently, using regression equation, it tried to predict the land price changes of surrounding areas, according to the new road construction in case area. As shown above, the research methods or study results have the advantage of predicting the changes in land price that can attract high concern of residents in an easy way. In addition, it will contribute to establishing relevant polices and smoothing business promotion through the enhancing residents' understanding by suggesting the change in land price in advance before the execution of urban regeneration and development projects.