• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2009

In this study, research for physical and chemical characteristics were conducted through analysis of sediments, grading and heavy metals (e.g., Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb ) in sewers which are classified by drainage types. After that, cement solidification and yellow soil calcinations made heavy metals stabilized and then, ways of recycling it were examined. The grain size distribution of all sediments was relative graded. When evaluating heavy metal pollution through index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), Cu showed moderately pollution or strong pollution in forest and street site and Zn was assessed by moderately pollution in military, residential, and street site. Analysis of Pearson Correlation coefficient of heavy metal indicated that all items in street site have tight relationship respectively. Especially, Cd-Zn, Cu-Pb, Cu-Mn, and Pb-Mn have relationship at 99% confidence intervals in statistical analysis. Recycling it with cement solidification was satisfied with compressive strength standard under 55% deposit contents and Zn, Pb, Mn were stabilized effectively. If time and temperature plasticity and compressive strength would be standard, it is revealed that yellow soil calcinations is valuable aggregate when it has 50-60 Wt% contents. When considering economic feasibility and stabilization of heavy metals, cement solidification would be more appropriate than yellow soil calcinations as solution to recycling.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2003

In order 새 investigate the spatial and seasonal variations of heavy metal pollution in heavily industrialized urban area, urban roadside sediments were collected for five years from gully pots in Seoul City. A series of studies have been carried out concerning the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments in order to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Roadside sediments and uncontaminated stream sediments were analyzed for total metal concentrations using acid extraction. The roadside sediments are characterized by very high concentrations of Zn (2,665.0$\pm$1,815.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), Cu (445.6$\pm$708.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), Pb (214.3$\pm$147.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and Cr (182.1$\pm$268.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), indicating an artificial accumulation of these metals to the sediment chemistry. Comparing with average contents of uncontaminated stream sediments, roadside sediments were shown zinc 14 times (up to 64.4), copper 9 times (up to 181.7), lead 6 times (up to 63.7), cobalt 6 times (up to 168.7), nickel 4 times (up to 98.4), cadmium 2 times (up to 12.8) and chrome 2 times (up to 40.2) high content. The relative degree of heavy metal pollution for roadside sediments collected from each district in Seoul City is evaluated using the “geoaccumulation index”. As a result, heavy-metal contamination is highest centering the oldest residential district and industry area, and contamination level decreases as go to outer block of the city. The factor analysis results indicate that the levels of Cu, Ni, Fe and Cr are strongly related to numbers of factories, whereas the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Cd dependant on pollution index, indicating artificial contamination due to site-specific traffic density.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.341-352
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• 1997

Retention ponds have been dug along some of the motorways in France to minimize environmental pollution by keeping pollutants from spreading over the surrounding area. In order to study heavy metal pollution and diagenetic behaviour of sediments, eight core samples were collected from the bottom of a retention pond located along the A-71 motorway in Sologne. The metal concentrations in interstitial waters and extractable metal concentrations in sediment layers using sequential chemical extraction method were determined. The depth distributions of Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations in interstitial water and particulate sediments were studied, and distribution coefficients (KD) were also determined to investigate the environmental mobility of these elements. In addition. the index of geoaccumulation and the Fe-normalized enrichment factor were calculated to differentiate the natural accumulation from the anthropogenic pollution. The vertical concentration profiles of heavy metals in core sediments indicate that surface enrichments (0~2 cm) of Pb, Zn, Cd and organic carbon were always observed at each core sample, due to the early diagenesis. However, the major factor contributing to the accumulation of Cd at the sediment surface is attributed to the dissolution of Cd from polluted roadside soil during periods of rainstorms and its subsequent redeposition on the sediment surface after being carried to the retention pond. A comparison of the KD values indiactes that a decrease in the KD values for Pb and Zn was observed with depth while KD values for Cd increase. According to the KD values. the relative mobility of studied metals was determined as following: Mn>Zn>Cd>Pb, for the upper layer, and Mn>Cd>Zn>Pb, for the lower layers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1014-1025
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• 2014

We measured the concentrations of various geochemical parameters [grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, As, Zn, and Hg)] in the surface sediments of two intertidal oyster Crassostrea gigas farming areas (Iwon and Mongsan tidal flats) on the Taean Peninsula, Korea, to evaluate the pollution level of organic matter and trace metals in sediment. The intertidal sediments in the study region comprise mostly sand with a mean grain size of 2.5-3.5 Ø. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS, and trace metals in the sediment of two study regions were either similar or lower in oyster farming areas relative to non-farming areas, apparently due to biological uptake or physical and biological sediment reworking. Based on the results for the pollution evaluation of organic matter and trace metals derived from sediment quality guidelines, enrichment factor, and geoaccumulation index, our results suggest that the sediment in these two intertidal oyster farming regions is not polluted by organic matter and trace metals.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.772-784
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• 2011

We measured grain size, organic matter, and metallic elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in intertidal sediments collected from six islands in the western part of Jellanam Province in order to evaluate heavy metal contamination in the tidal flat sediments of coastal islands. The evaluation of metal contamination was carried out using geochemical assessment techniques such as sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$). Surface sediments were classified into four sedimentary facies: sand, gravelly muddy sand, slightly gravelly mud, and silt. The concentrations of heavy metals in intertidal sediments from Jaeun, Amtae, Biguem, and Docho islands showed good positive correlations with mean grain size and ignition loss, indicating that the concentrations of metallic elements in these sediments were dependent on grain size and the organic matter content. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments from almost all of the stations were lower than two criterion values proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. Based on the EF and $I_{geo}$ results, surface sediments were a little polluted for Cr and were moderately polluted for As. Our results suggest that more intensive studies are necessary in the future in order to determine the major source of As in intertidal sediment and to evaluate the As pollution level in macrobenthos.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.759-771
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• 2011

We evaluated the pollution levels of organic matter and metallic element (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, As, and Hg) in the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island using several sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and assessment techniques for sediment pollution. Based on the textural composition of sediment, the surface sediments were classified into two main sedimentary facies: slightly gravelly mud and silt. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediments ranged from 4.6-9.9 (mean $7.4{\pm}1.1$) $mgO_2/g{\cdot}dry$ and from ND-0.53 (mean $0.04{\pm}0.10$) mgS/$g{\cdot}dry$, respectively. These values were considerably lower than those reported from a farming area in a semi-enclosed bay of Korea and for SQGs in Japan. The metallic element concentrations in the sediments varied widely with the mean grain size and organic matter content, implying that the concentrations of metallic elements are influenced mainly by secondary factors, such as bioturbation, the resuspension of sediment, and anthropogenic input. The overall results for the comparison with SQGs, enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$) indicate that the surface sediments are slightly polluted by Cr and Ni, and moderately polluted by As. Our results suggest that the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island are not polluted by organic matter or metallic elements and the benthic conditions are suitable for healthy organisms.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Organic amendments such as animal waste compost, lime-bordeaux mixture, and lime sulphur mixture contain heavy metal(loid)s which are toxic to human being, animal, and plant. The objective of this study was to compare heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil between conventional and organic farm. Soil samples were collected from 10 conventional and 38 organic fruit farms. At each sampling point, top (0~15 cm) and sub soil (15~30 cm) were taken using hand auger. Total concentration for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the collected soil were measured. The pollution index (PI) for heavy metal in organic farms indicated it was unpolluted area. However, mean value of PI for organic farms (0.143) was higher than that for conventional farms (0.122). High Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu, Pb, and Zn implied that grape farms were more polluted than others fruit farms because a lot of lime-bordeaux mixture and lime sulphur were applied in organic grape farms. Especially, top soils showed higher level of contamination than sub soil. Based on the above results, organic amendments might cause accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, particular attention should be paid for concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn, when organic amendments are used in the organic fruit farms.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.969-980
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• 2015

In order to certificate the distribution and pollution of heavy metal of surface sediments in Nakdong River were collected and analyzed for grain size, water content, ignition loss and heavy metal content. Surface sediments mainly composed of sand(avg. 94.6%) and water content and ignition loss were 20.46%, 1.53% on average. Grain size were relatively fine and organic matter content were relatively high in the Hoichun and Sunakdonggang. Most of heavy metal content(Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Hg) in the Deokcheongang and Sunakdonggang were higher than the other streams. The Igeo were non polluted(less than 0) in all streams and the EF were relatively high in the small stream and PLI were non polluted(less than 1). In addition, organic matter, heavy metal content and pollution were highly correlation with grain size. Surface sediments in study area, heavy metal pollution of the Sunakdonggang were relatively high compared to the other stream but these results were not serious pollution that exceed the sediment pollution evaluation standard of river and lake in Korea and pollution levels adversely affected the majority of benthos were not.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2019

경남에 소재하는 삼천포 및 하동 석탄 화력발전소 인근 농경지 토양을 대상으로 중금속 함량을 측정하였다. 삼천포지역 48개, 하동 지역 61개의 표토 및 심토를 대상으로 분석한 결과, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn는 모두 토양오염 우려기준 미만으로 나타났으나 Cd는 삼천포 38개, 하동 13개 시료에서 우려기준을 초과하였다. 지질부하지수와 농축계수를 구한 결과 Cd는 높은 오염도를 보였으며 Cd와 Pb는 인위적 오염원에 의한 토양 내 농축인 것으로 보인다. 그러나 연속추출을 통해 중금속의 존재형태를 규명한 결과 Cd를 포함한 토양 내 중금속들은 대부분 용출 가능성이 매우 적은 형태로 존재하여 생물이용도가 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 석탄 화력발전소 인근 토양이 인위적인 요인으로 인해 Cd로 오염되었으나 인근 생태계로 유입될 가능성은 낮음을 의미한다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2015

2013년 8월 진해만을 대상으로 표층 퇴적물을 채취하여 미량금속(As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn)의 분포를 살펴보고, 오염도를 분석하였다. 미량금속의 평균농도는 As 11.1 mg/kg, Cd 0.52 mg/kg, Co 14.1 mg/kg, Cr 69.8 mg/kg, Cu 57.2 mg/kg, Fe 3.7 %, Hg 0.064 mg/kg, Mn 600 mg/kg, Pb 40.1 mg/kg, Zn 167.2 mg/kg 의 범위로 조사되었다. 미량금속 중 As, Co, Cr, Fe의 농도는 만 전반적으로 균일한 분포를 보였다. 반면, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn는 마산만을 포함한 진해만의 북쪽 해역, Cu는 진해만 남동쪽의 고현만, Mn은 거제도 북쪽과 마산만 남쪽을 잇는 만 동쪽방면의 외해로 열린 해역에서 국지적으로 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 각 미량금속의 공간적 분포, 퇴적물 입도 및 미량금속 간의 상관관계와 요인분석 결과 등을 종합적으로 검토해봤을 때, Co, Cr, Fe는 퇴적물의 입도, Mn은 퇴적물의 산화환원 상태, 그리고 As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn은 만 주변의 오염활동으로 인한 미량금속 공급에 따라 분포가 지배되는 것으로 파악되었다. 미량금속 중 As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb의 농도를 국내 해양 퇴적물 환경기준인 주의기준(TEL), 관리기준(PEL)과 비교 시, Cd, Hg, Pb의 농도가 만의 북쪽인 마산만 주변에서 주의기준을 초과하였다. 각 미량금속의 농축계수 및 농집지수를 계산한 결과, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn가 일부 해역에서 인위적 오염을 보였다. 이 중 As, Mn, Zn은 우려할만한 수준의 오염을 보이진 않았으나, 마산만을 포함한 만 북쪽에서는 Cd, Hg, Pb, 만 남동쪽 가장 안쪽의 고현만에서는 Cu로 인한 오염 수준이 비교적 높게 나타나 해당 원소의 농축에 대해 주의가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.