Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Investigation on Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils in the Vicinity of Samcheonpo and Hadong Coal-Fired Power Plants in Korea

국내 삼천포와 하동 석탄 화력발전소 주변 토양 내 중금속의 지구화학적 특성 조사

  • Song, Chang-Woo (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Han, Hyeop-Jo (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Un (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chonnam National University)
  • 송창우 (전남대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 한협조 (전남대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 이종운 (전남대학교 에너지자원공학과)
  • Received : 2019.03.27
  • Accepted : 2019.04.24
  • Published : 2019.04.28
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Abstract

The quantity of heavy metals in agricultural surface and subsurface soils around coal-fired power plants located in Samcheonpo and Hadong, Gyeongnam Province, were determined. The analytical results for 48 and 61 soils in Samcheonpo and Hadong, respectively, showed that the concentrations of Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were below the warning criteria regulated by Korean Soil Conservation Act; however, Cd in 38 and 13 soils in Samcheonpo and Hadong, respectively, exceeded the criterion. As a result of calculation of the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor, the soils were extremely contaminated with Cd and such high loading of Cd to the soils was due to anthropogenic source(s). Sequential extraction of the soils, however, showed that heavy metals including Cd existed as hardly extractable phases, which represented a low bioavailability of the heavy metals. Our results indicated that Cd contamination around the coal-fired power plants was due to artificial source(s) and may unlikely deteriorate nearby ecosystems.

경남에 소재하는 삼천포 및 하동 석탄 화력발전소 인근 농경지 토양을 대상으로 중금속 함량을 측정하였다. 삼천포지역 48개, 하동 지역 61개의 표토 및 심토를 대상으로 분석한 결과, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn는 모두 토양오염 우려기준 미만으로 나타났으나 Cd는 삼천포 38개, 하동 13개 시료에서 우려기준을 초과하였다. 지질부하지수와 농축계수를 구한 결과 Cd는 높은 오염도를 보였으며 Cd와 Pb는 인위적 오염원에 의한 토양 내 농축인 것으로 보인다. 그러나 연속추출을 통해 중금속의 존재형태를 규명한 결과 Cd를 포함한 토양 내 중금속들은 대부분 용출 가능성이 매우 적은 형태로 존재하여 생물이용도가 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 석탄 화력발전소 인근 토양이 인위적인 요인으로 인해 Cd로 오염되었으나 인근 생태계로 유입될 가능성은 낮음을 의미한다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Distribution of soil sampling sites in (a) Samcheonpo and (b) Hadong areas.

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Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the Samcheonpo power plant area.

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Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the Hadong power plant area.

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Fig. 4. The percentage distribution of heavy metals fraction of Samcheonpo soils by sequential extraction. -S and –D in each sample name represent surface and subsurface, respectively.

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Fig. 5. The percentage distribution of heavy metals fraction of Hadong soils by sequential extraction. -S and –D in each sample name represent surface and subsurface, respectively.

Table 1. Classes of geoaccumulation index (Igeo) (Müller, 1981)

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Table 2. Classes of enrichment factor (EF) (Sutherland, 2000)

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Table 3. Values of pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter content of the Samcheonpo soil samples (units: CEC, meq/100 g, organic matter, %)

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Table 4. Values of pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter content of the Hadong soil samples (units: CEC, meq/100 g, organic matter, %)

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Table 5. Concentrations of heavy metals in the Samcheonpo soils (unit: mg/kg except Hg of μg/kg). The numbers in parentheses represent Korean Soil Warning Criteria for Area 1

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Table 6. Concentrations of heavy metals in the Hadong soils (unit: mg/kg except Hg of μg/kg). The numbers in parentheses represent Korean Soil Warning Criteria for Area 1.

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Table 6. Continued.

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Table 7. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of the Samcheonpo soils

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Table 8. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of the Hadong soils

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Table 9. Enrichment factor of the Samcheonpo soils

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Table 10. Enrichment factor of the Hadong soils

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