• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.290-290
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• 2022

Powdery mildew is known to be one of the serious diseases in C. moschata cultivation. Plants infected with powdery mildew cause damage to cultivation areas such as occurrence of deformity fruit and decrease in quantity. also, it has been reported that many farms have difficulties in controlling powdery mildew due to the outbreak under various conditions throughout the year. Therefore, this study intends to perform a phenotype test and a genotype test for C. moschata 60 lines grown in Jenong S&T. Podospareaxanthii, known as a pathogen that causes powder mildew disease in pumpkins in Korea, was collected and used as an inoculation source, phenotype test was performed by examining the infection area rate(%) of powdery mildew disease that occurred in leaves 25 days after inoculation. It was determined that 0% of the infection area rate was in the first stage, 1 to 5% in the second stage, 6 to 15% in the third stage, 16 to 30% in the fourth stage, and 31% or more in the fifth stage, The first and second stages were judged as resistance, the third as moderate resistance, and the fourth and fifth stages as sensitivity. As a result of the phenotype test, it was confirmed that the resistance was 21 points, moderate resistance was 14 points, and sensitivity was 25 points. After searching for the genes related to powdery mildew resistance resistance, pm-0, CmbHLH87, and LOC111453072, 21 points of resistance and 9 points of moderate resistance identified through phenotype tests were identified through gel electrophoresis after polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using 5 primers related to 3 genes. As a result of genotype testing of a total 30 points, the CmbHLH87 and LOC111453072 gene were found to be resistant bands in all points, PMR1 was identified as 20 points for resistance, 4 points for moderate resistance, and 6 points for sensitivity, PMR2 was not identified in the entire band, and PMR5 was identified as 18 point for resistance, 3 points for moderate resistance, and 9 points for sensitivity. As a result, when comparing the phenotype test results and genotype test results, CmbHLH87 and LOC111453072 genes was 100% consistent in resistance and moderate resistance, PMR1 was 95.2% in resistance, 44.4% in moderate resistance, and PMR5 was 90% in resistance and 33.3% in moderate resistance, PMR2 was not consistent in resistance and moderate resistance. Therefore, it is expected that more accurate PMR test will be possible by using molecular markers(PMR1, PMR5) and by developing CmbHLH87 and LOC111453072 gene-related molecular markers.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.176-189
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on obese women and aimed to confirm that the effects of KRG on obesity differ dependently on a gene. Fifty obese women were recruited and randomized to receive KRG (n=24) or placebo (n=26) for 8 wk. Measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, percentage of body fat, resting metabolic rate, basal body temperature, and daily food intake (FI), blood test (serum lipid, liver and renal function), Korean version of obesity-related quality of life scale (KOQOL), and a gene examination were performed. Comparisons of subjects before and after the administration of KRG revealed significant improvements of obesity in terms of weight, body mass index (BMI), WHR, FI, and KOQOL. However, in the comparison between KRG group and placebo group, only KOQOL was significantly different. KRG displayed significant efficacy on BMI and KOQOL in the CT genotype of the G protein beta 3 gene, but not in the CC genotype, on blood sugar test in the Trp64/Arg genotype of the beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene, but not in Trp64/Trp genotype, on KOQOL in the DD genotype of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene, but not in the ID and DD genotypes. The effects of KRG on obesity were confirmed to some extent. However, a distinct effect compared to placebo was not confirmed. KRG is more effective for improving the secondary issues of the quality of life derived from obesity rather than having direct effects on the obesity-related anthropometric assessment and blood test indices.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1327-1335
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• 2023

Objective: When evaluating individuals with the same parent and no phenotype by pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), it is difficult to explain carcass grade difference and select individuals because they have the same value in pedigree BLUP (PBLUP). However, single step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), which can estimate the breeding value suitable for the individual by adding genotype, is more accurate than the existing method. Methods: The breeding value and accuracy were estimated with pedigree BLUP and ssGBLUP using pedigree and genotype of 408 Hanwoo cattle from 16 families with the same parent among siblings produced by fertilized egg transplantation. A total of 14,225 Hanwoo cattle with pedigree, genotype and phenotype were used as the reference population. PBLUP obtained estimated breeding value (EBV) using the pedigree of the test and reference populations, and ssGBLUP obtained genomic EBV (GEBV) after constructing and H-matrix by integrating the pedigree and genotype of the test and reference populations. Results: For all traits, the accuracy of GEBV using ssGBLUP is 0.18 to 0.20 higher than the accuracy of EBV obtained with PBLUP. Comparison of EBV and GEBV of individuals without phenotype, since the value of EBV is estimated based on expected values of alleles passed down from common ancestors. It does not take Mendelian sampling into consideration, so the EBV of all individuals within the same family is estimated to be the same value. However, GEBV makes estimating true kinship coefficient based on different genotypes of individuals possible, so GEBV that corresponds to each individual is estimated rather than a uniform GEBV for each individual. Conclusion: Since Hanwoo cows bred through embryo transfer have a high possibility of having the same parent, if ssGBLUP after adding genotype is used, estimating true kinship coefficient corresponding to each individual becomes possible, allowing for more accurate estimation of breeding value.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2015

High-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are strongly associated with cervical cancer, whereas other HPV genotypes are not. To identify the various HPV genotypes in clinical samples, we conducted HPV genotyping using a DNA chip test and reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) in normal cytology samples and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cytology samples. We also investigated the HPV infection rate and HPV genotype prevalence in women with normal cytology and ASCUS cytology. Liquid-based cytology preparations were used for the initial screening of 205 subjects with normal cytology and ASCUS cytology. The HPV infection rate was 49.8% when using the DNA chip assay and 61.0% when using the REBA test. In patients with normal cytology, the HR-HPV positive rate was 21.9% with the DNA chip assay and 43.9% with the REBA test. In contrast, 8.3% of patients with ASCUS were HR-HPV positive when using the DNA chip assay, and 13.6% were positive when tested with the REBA test. The infection rate of HR-HPV in the 40~50-year age group was significantly higher than that of the other age groups. Based on the cytological analysis of the normal and ASCUS samples, the five most prominent HPV genotypes were HPV 16, 18, 68, 33, and 58 using the DNA chip test, and they were HPV 16, 18, 53, 33, and 66 when using the REBA test. In conclusion, the findings show that the results of the REBA test are comparable to those of the DNA chip test. Most strikingly, the REBA test detected the HR-HPV genotype associated with cervical carcinoma similar to that detected with the DNA chip method. Therefore, the REBA test is a useful method to detect clinically important HR-HPV genotypes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

To determine the clinical usefulness of Immuno Blot test, 160 samples from the patients with chronic HCV infection were analyzed. And serotyping and line probe assay were performed to evaluate the distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Korean isolates. In this group, as a result of genotyping type 1 band 2a, the serotype I and II were the most common source of HCV infection. There were no significant difference in response to the alpha-interferon HCV infection treatment with the subtype 1 b or 2a. And the serotypes of NS4 peptides were compared with the genotypes to evaluate their clinical usefulness. Among 49 cases studied for genotypes and serotype, genotype 1 b, 1 b/2b, 2a, 2a/2c and 2b were 51.0％, 2.0％, 34.6％, 8.1％ and 4.0％, respectively. The serotypes I and II were 57.1％ and 42.8％, respectively; they were matched with genotypes in 85.7％ and seemed to be easy to perform. To monitor their performing progress or treatment response, serotype test was made before the genotype test. The Result showed that there was no significant difference in response to the alpha-interferon HCV infection treatment with the subtype 1 b or 2a in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

Many strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from pus samples from primary, secondary, and tertiary medical institutions and were subjected to an antibiotic sensitivity test. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin penicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin and teicoplanin were used for the antibiotic sensitivity test. The strains showed hightest resistance to penicillin(91%), but all of strains tested were susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The isolated multi-drug(penicillin-tetracycline-ciprofloxacin-clindamycin-erythromycin- oxacillin-gentamicin) resistant S. aureus were analyzed genotypically using an AP-PCR(Arbitrarily Primed polymerase chain reaction) with an arbitrary 3 primers. Based on the result for genotype analysis, the genotypes identified by S1 primer did not coincide with those of S2 or E2 primers. Genotypes identified by S2 primer did not coincide with those of S1 or E2 primers. Also genotypes identified by the E2 primer did not coincide with those of S1 or S2 primers. Therefore, an analysis of AP-PCR test with multiple primers will provide more sensitive identification. A strain from a secondary medical institution and a strain from a tertiary medical institution which showed the same genotype for S1, S2, and E2 primers are required for further epidemiological study.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2011

The genotypes of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are important in the carcinogenesis of uterine cervical cancer. Diagnosis of uterine cervical cancer screening has been executed using Papanicolau method (Pap) and HPV DNA Chip method. We researched the interrelation of HPV DNA genotypes in single and multiple infections and analyzed the results of Pap and HPV DNA Chip tests at Gunsan Medical Center (GMC). The correlation analysis was surveyed on collected results from 599 patients who have been tested with both Pap and HPV DNA chip tests from November 2004 to May 2010 at GMC. The inconsistency between Pap and HPV DNA Chip tests was 41.1%. The HPV DNA Chip genotype related with high risk cases were type 16 (13.5%), type 52 (10.5%), type 58 (10.1%), and type 18 (3.4%). Those related with low risk cases were type 70 (8.9%), type 6 (1.7%), type 40 (1.2%), type 11 (1.3%), and other types (14.3%). Among the 195 cases of HPV positive status, 161 cases were associated with single infection; 108 (67.1%) cases were related with high risk genotype; 19 (11.8%) cases were low risk genotype; 31 (21.1%) cases were related with other types. 29 cases were associated with double infections; 23 (79.3%) cases were high risks; 5 (17.2%) cases were mixed high and low risks; 1 (3.5%) case was low risk.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.2-11
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of polymorphic loci and other factors on milk performance and the technological properties of milk. Methods: The analysis was performed on Simmental and Holstein cows in field conditions (n = 748). Milk yield in kg, fat and protein percentage and yield were evaluated. Technological properties were evaluated by milk fermentation ability, renneting, and an alcohol test. Polymorphisms in the acyl-CoA diacylgycerol transferase 1 (DGAT1), leptin (LEP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), casein beta (CSN2), casein kappa (CSN3), and lactoglobulin beta genes were genotyped, and association analysis was performed. Results: The DGAT1 AA genotype was associated with higher milk, protein and fat yields (p<0.05). The MM genotype in the LEP gene was associated with a lower protein percentage and the W allele with a higher protein percentage (p<0.05). In cows with the FASN GG genotype, the protein percentage was higher, but the A allele was associated with higher milk, protein and fat yields than the G allele. The TT genotype in SCD1 was associated with the lowest milk, protein and fat yields and with the highest milk protein percentage (p<0.01). The T allele had higher values than the C allele (p<0.05) except for fat percentage. The genotype CSN3 AA was associated with a significantly heightened milk yield; BB was associated with a high protein percentage. The effect of the alleles on the technological properties was not significant. The CSN2 BB genotype was associated with the best alcohol test (p<0.01), and the renneting order was inverse. Milk from cows with the CSN2 A1A1 genotype was best in the milk fermentation ability. CSN3 significantly affected the technological properties. Conclusion: The findings revealed the potential of some polymorphic loci for use in dairy cattle breeding and for the management of milk quality. In field research, the pivotal role of farms in milk yield, composition and technological properties was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2004

Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid-carrier protein in the brain, and several studies provided evidence that apolipoprotein E(ApoE) epsilon4 allele can be considered a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease(AD). Inheritance of the APOE gene has three alleles: ${\varepsilon}2$, ${\varepsilon}3$ and ${\varepsilon}4$. There are six possible genotypes: ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}2$, ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}3$, ${\varepsilon}4/{\varepsilon}4$, ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}3$, ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}4$, ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$. AD is characterized by a progressive loss of function and death of nerve cells in several areas of the brain. The ${\varepsilon}4$ allele is associated with a risk for developing AD. People with the ${\varepsilon}4/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype have the highest risk, but people with the ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}4$ or ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ genotypes are also likely to develop the disease. 64.3% of people carry the is ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}3$ genotype, 22.1% carry the second ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype but, ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}2$ genotype is not usually found of people carry the 3.6% is ${\varepsilon}4/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype in a total of a test group of 140 people. The ratio of ${\varepsilon}4/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype related directly with AD is less than the ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}3$ genotype, but the ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}4$ and ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype ratio of indirect AD risk is 25.7% in the group of people, regardless. Thus, we have referred to the benefit from the treatment of AD through apoE genotype diagnosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.345-351
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• 2006

Streptococcus sp. were isolated from cultured flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) having Streptococcosis during 2004 to 2005 in Jeju Island. Ninety four Streptococcus iniae strains were isolated using biochemical test and multiplex PCR assay. Three genotypes (A, B, C-type) of S. iniae were appeared in the RAPD analysis and they showed international or local genetic polymorphism. Presently, S. iniae having A-type is a dominant S. iniae genotype in Jeju and showed band patterns at about 550, 850, 1000, 1300 and 2000 base pares. In this study, the reported P14 random primer, that used to distinguish serotypes of S. iniae could not be applied to distinguish Jeju island S. iniae's genetic polymorphism.