• Title/Summary/Keyword: genetic mapping

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Advances towards Controlling Meiotic Recombination for Plant Breeding

  • Choi, Kyuha
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.40 no.11
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    • pp.814-822
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    • 2017
  • Meiotic homologous recombination generates new combinations of preexisting genetic variation and is a crucial process in plant breeding. Within the last decade, our understanding of plant meiotic recombination and genome diversity has advanced considerably. Innovation in DNA sequencing technology has led to the exploration of high-resolution genetic and epigenetic information in plant genomes, which has helped to accelerate plant breeding practices via high-throughput genotyping, and linkage and association mapping. In addition, great advances toward understanding the genetic and epigenetic control mechanisms of meiotic recombination have enabled the expansion of breeding programs and the unlocking of genetic diversity that can be used for crop improvement. This review highlights the recent literature on plant meiotic recombination and discusses the translation of this knowledge to the manipulation of meiotic recombination frequency and location with regards to crop plant breeding.

Power Flow Solution Using an Improved Fitness Function in Genetic Algorithms

  • Seungchan Chang;Lim, Jae-Yoon;Kim, Jung-Hoon
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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    • v.2 no.5
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 1997
  • This paper presets a methodology of improving a conventional model in power systems using Genetic Algorithms(GAs) and suggests a GAs-based model which can directly solve the real-valued optimum in an optimization procedure. In applying GAs to the power flow, a new fitness mapping method is proposed using the proposed using the probability distribution function for all the payoffs in the population pool. In this approach, both the notions on a way of the genetic representation, and a realization of the genetic operators are fully discussed to evaluate he GAs' effectiveness. The proposed method is applied to IEEE 5-bus, 14-bus and 25-bus systems and, the results of computational experiments suggest a direct applicability of GAs to more complicated power system problems even if they contain nonlinear algebraic equations.

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Restriction Fragment Fingerprint of an Alkaliphilic Micrococcus sp. Y-1 Genome by Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis

  • Kim, Cheorl-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1995
  • A genomic DNA of alkaliphilic bacterium, Micrococcus sp. Y-l, was analysed using the physical mapping method of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Five restriction enzymes of Sspl, Hpal, Xbal, Ndel or EcoRI, which recognize the Adenine-Thymine-rich sequences of genomic DNA, were used for the generation of few (7 to 20) distinctly separate fragments, with average sizes in the range of 200~500 kb. However, the sites for Notl and SfiI, 8 base-recognizing enzymes, were highly frequent. The genome size of this strain was determined to be 4 mega base pairs (Mb) from restriction fragments separated by PFGE. This is the first case of restriction mapping in alkaliphilic bacterium.

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Chromosomal Mapping of the cdd Gene Encoding Deoxycytidine-cytidine Deaminase in Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis의 시티딘 디아미나제를 코드하는 cdd 유전자의 Chromosomal Mapping)

  • Song, Bang-Ho;Jan Neuhard
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.536-539
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    • 1988
  • A mutant of Bacillus subtilis with a defective cdd gene encoding deoxycytidine-cytidine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.5) has been characterized genetically. The genetic lesion, cdd, causing the altered deoxycytidine-cytidine deaminase was mapped at 225 min on the linkage map of B. subtilis by AR9 transduction, Transductional analysis of the cdd region established the gene order in clockwise as trp-lys-cdd-aroD. The cdd gene was linked 72% with the aroD and 20% with the lys.

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QTL Mapping for 6-Year-Old Growths of a Single Open-Pollinated Half-Sib Family of a Selected Clone 7-1037 in Loblolly Pine(Pinus taeda) and Average Effect of QTL Allele Substitution (테다소나무 7-1037 클론의 단일 반형매 풍매가계 6년생 생장에 대한 QTL mapping과 QTL 대립유전자 치환의 평균효과)

  • Kim, Yong-Yul;Lee, Bong-Choon;O'Malley, David M.
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.95 no.4
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    • pp.483-494
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    • 2006
  • We conducted QTL mapping for 6-year growths of open-pollinated half-sib progenies from a selected clone 7-1037 in Pinus taeda. With an AFLP marker analysis on haploid DNA samples from the megagametophytes of the open-pollinated seeds, we constructed 20 framework maps spanning a total of 1,869 cM in total length and 18.5 cM in an average interval length between markers. Composite interval mapping reveals that one QTL explains 5.9% of the total phenotypic variation of height, and three QTLs account for 3.9~5.6% of the variation of diameter at breast height (DBH). There are no correlations between the QTLs. The genetic effects of the QTLs are 39.6 cm in height and 7.20~9.41 mm in DBH, respectively, The average effects of gene substitution of the markers closely linked with the QTLs are 44.3 cm in height and 8.38~11.81 m in DBH. Under an assumption that the within-family heritability for the growth traits of loblolly pine is less than 0.2, the QTLs account for 26.8% of the additive genetic variance of the progenies. In terms of relative selection efficiency, the individual selection based on QTL markers could be 5 times as high as phenotypic selection. The results in this study indicate that the QTL mapping method with open-pollinated half-sib family could be more practical and applicable to the conventional seed orchard-based selection work than other mapping methods with a single full-sib family, in particular from the viewpoint that it can provide crucial information for within-family individual selection such as breeding value.

Distribution Analysis of Optimal Equipment Assignment Using a Genetic Algorithm (유전알고리즘을 이용하여 최적화된 방제 자원 배치안의 분포도 분석)

  • Kim, Hye-Jin;Kim, Yong-Hyuk
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2020
  • As a plan for oil spill accidents, research to collect and analyze optimal equipment assignments is essential. However, studies that have diversified and analyzed the optimal equipment assignments for responding to oil spill accidents have not been preceded. In response to the need for analyzing optimal equipment assignments study, we devised a genetic algorithm for optimal equipment assignments. The designed genetic algorithm yielded 10,000 optimal equipment assignments. We clustered using the k-means algorithm. As a result, the two clusters of Yeosu, Daesan, and Ulsan, which are expected to be the largest spills, were clearly identified. We also projected 16-dimensional data in two dimensions via Sammon's mapping. The projected data were analyzed for distribution. We confirmed that results of the simulation were better than those of optimal equipment assignments included in the cluster.In the future, it will be possible to implement an approximate model with excellent performance based on this study.

Implementation of Image Enhancement Filter System Using Genetic Algorithm (유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 영상개선 필터 시스템 구현)

  • Gu, Ji-Hun;Dong, Seong-Su;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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    • v.51 no.8
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    • pp.360-367
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, genetic algorithm based adaptive image enhancement filtering scheme is proposed and Implemented on FPGA board. Conventional filtering methods require a priori noise information for image enhancement. In general, if a priori information of noise is not available, heuristic intuition or time consuming recursive calculations are required for image enhancement. Contrary to the conventional filtering methods, the proposed filter system can find optimal combination of filters as well as their sequent order and parameter values adaptively to unknown noise types using structured genetic algorithms. The proposed image enhancement filter system is mainly composed of two blocks. The first block consists of genetic algorithm part and fitness evaluation part. And the second block consists of four types of filters. The first block (genetic algorithms and fitness evaluation blocks) is implemented on host computer using C code, and the second block is implemented on re-configurabe FPGA board. For gray scale control, smoothing and deblurring, four types of filters(median filter, histogram equalization filter, local enhancement filter, and 2D FIR filter) are implemented on FPGA. For evaluation, three types of noises are used and experimental results show that the Proposed scheme can generate optimal set of filters adaptively without a pioi noise information.