• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.698-706
• /
• 2016

이동로봇을 원하는 위치로 최단시간 안에 이동시키기 위해 최적제어문제를 풀어야 하지만 비선형시스템이므로 해석적 접근이 매우 어렵다. 본 논문에서 유전알고리즘을 사용하여 이동로봇의 최적제어이득을 구한다. 로봇 방정식이 비선형식이므로 초기치에 따라 최적제어이득은 다르게 결정된다. 따라서 초기치 범위를 적절한 개수의 격자점으로 이산화시킨 뒤 해당 격자점에서 유전알고리즘으로 최적제어이득을 구한다. 일반적인 초기치에 대한 제어이득은 신경회로망으로 구하며 해당 격자점의 초기치와 그에 대한 최적제어이득을 신경회로망 학습데이터로 사용하고 학습시킨다. 이산화된 격자점이 아닌 다른 초기치에 대한 제어이득은 신경회로망으로부터 구한다. 마지막으로 본 논문의 제어방법의 유용성을 시뮬레이션 연구로 확인하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.1559-1571
• /
• 2008

A rule was developed to constrain the annual rate of inbreeding to a predefined value in a population with different lifetimes between sires and dams, and to maximize the selection response over generations. This rule considers that the animals in a population should be divided into sex-age classes based on the theory of gene flow, and restricts the increase of average inbreeding coefficient for new offspring by limiting the increase of the mean additive genetic relationship for parents selected. The optimization problem of this rule was formulated as a quadratic programming problem. Inputs for the rule were the BLUP estimated breeding values, the additive genetic relationship matrix of all animals, and the long-term contributions of sex-age classes. Outputs were optimal number and contributions of selected animals. In addition, this rule was combined with the optimization of emphasis given to QTL, and further increased the genetic gain over the planning horizon. Stochastic simulations of closed nucleus schemes for pigs were used to investigate the potential advantages obtained from this rule by combining the standard QTL selection, optimal QTL selection and conventional BLUP selection. Results showed that the predefined rates of inbreeding were actually achieved by this rule in three selection strategies. The rule obtained up to 9.23% extra genetic gain over truncation selection at the same rates of inbreeding. The combination of the extended rule and the optimization of emphasis given to QTL allowed substantial increases in selection response at a fixed annual rate of inbreeding, and solved substantially the conflict between short-term and long-term selection response in QTL-assisted selection schemes.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.228-235
• /
• 2009

상수리나무 실생채종원에서 수형목 풍매차대 35 가계의 생장 및 가지특성 변이에 대한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 채종원 임령 12년생 때의 평균 수고는 9.96 m, 평균 흉고 직경 14.50 cm, 평균 지하고 1.04 m, 평균 수관폭 6.80 m, 평균 가지각도는 $18.82^{\circ}$이었고 평균 통직성 등급은 2.58로 조사되었다. 수고생장에 있어서 075 및 052 가계가 우수하였던 반면에 0511 및 0517 가계는 불량한 것을 나타났다. 또한 흉고직경 생장에 있어서는 075 및 0413 가계가 우수하였고 0725 및 0511 가계가 불량하였다. Pearson 상관 및 Spearman 순위상관 계수는 2006년과 2008년 조사에서 가지각도를 제외한 조사된 모든 형질에 있어서 정의 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 수고 생장 및 흉고직경 생장이 우수한 가계가 통직성에서도 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. 분산분석 결과, 수고, 흉고직경, 원주재적 및 통직성에 있어 가계간 고도의 유의적인 생장 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 지하고, 수관폭 및 가지각도에 있어서도 가계간 차이가 인정되었다. 채종원 임령 10년 및 12년의 경우에 개체유전력 보다는 가계유전력이 더욱 높게 추정되었다. 특히 가계유전력이 높게 추정된 수고, 흉고직경 및 통직성은 강한 유전적 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 개체선발보다는 가계선발에 의하여 더욱 높은 개량효과가 추정됨을 알 수 있었다. 가계선발에 의한 각 조사형질별 개량효과 기대치를 추정한 결과 가지각도에서 개량효과가 가장 높은 것으로 추정되었으며, 그 다음으로 흉고직경, 수고 순이었다. 최종적으로 생장 및 가지특성에 대한 분산분석, 유전력, 유전변이량 등에 근거하여 생장형질별 가중치를 부여하여 가계별 육종가를 추정하였다. 이러한 육종가는 상수리나무 채종원에서 유전간벌을 적용하는데 있어 선발 기준 등 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.1077-1083
• /
• 2019

Objective: Sow longevity is important for efficient and profitable pig farming. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in social genetic effect (SGE) of pigs on stress-tolerance and behavior. The present study aimed to estimate genetic correlations among average daily gain (ADG), stayability (STAY), and number of piglets born alive at the first parity (NBA1) in Korean Yorkshire pigs, using a model including SGE. Methods: The phenotypic records of ADG and reproductive traits of 33,120 and 11,654 pigs, respectively, were evaluated. The variances and (co) variances of the studied traits were estimated by a multi-trait animal model applying the Bayesian with linear-threshold models using Gibbs sampling. Results: The direct and SGEs on ADG had a significantly negative (-0.30) and neutral (0.04) genetic relationship with STAY, respectively. In addition, the genetic correlation between the social effects on ADG and NBA1 tended to be positive (0.27), unlike the direct effects (-0.04). The genetic correlation of the total effect on ADG with that of STAY was negative (-0.23) but non-significant, owing to the social effect. Conclusion: These results suggested that total genetic effect on growth in the SGE model might reduce the negative effect on sow longevity because of the growth potential of pigs. We recommend including social effects as selection criteria in breeding programs to obtain satisfactory genetic changes in both growth and longevity.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.471-481
• /
• 2021

Objective: A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken. Methods: Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations. Results: The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line. Conclusion: The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.961-966
• /
• 2008

Direct and maternal genetic parameters for production traits in 1,642 pigs and maternal genetic correlations among production (1,642 pigs) and feed efficiency (380 boars) traits were estimated in 7 generations of a Duroc population. Traits studied were daily gain (DG), intramuscular fat (IMF), loineye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). The RFI was calculated as the difference between actual and predicted feed intake. The predicted feed intake was estimated by adjusting the initial test weight, DG and BF. Data for production traits were analyzed using four alternative animal models (including direct, direct+maternal permanent environmental, or direct+maternal genetic+maternal permanent environmental effects). Direct heritability estimates from the model including direct and all maternal effects were $0.41{\pm}0.04$ for DG, $0.27{\pm}0.04$ for IMF, $0.52{\pm}0.06$ for LEA and $0.64{\pm}0.04$ for BF. Estimated maternal heritabilities ranged from $0.04{\pm}0.04$ to $0.15{\pm}0.05$ for production traits. Antagonistic relationships were observed between direct and maternal genetic effects ($r_{am}$) for LEA (-0.21). Maternal genetic correlations of feed efficiency traits with FI ($r_g$ of FI with FCR and RFI were $0.73{\pm}0.06$ and $0.90{\pm}0.05$, respectively) and LEA (rg of LEA with FCR and RFI were $-0.48{\pm}0.05$ to $-0.61{\pm}0.05$, respectively) were favorable. The estimated moderate genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects for IMF and LEA indicated that maternal effects has an important role in these traits, and should be accounted for in the genetic evaluation system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.476-484
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for linear type traits, as well as milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) in 18,831 Holstein cows reared in 495 herds in Brazil. Restricted maximum likelihood with a bivariate model was used for estimation genetic parameters, including fixed effects of herd-year of classification, period of classification, classifier and stage of lactation for linear type traits and herd-year of calving, season of calving and lactation order effects for production traits. The age of cow at calving was fitted as a covariate (with linear and quadratic terms), common to both models. Heritability estimates varied from 0.09 to 0.38 for linear type traits and from 0.17 to 0.24 for production traits, indicating sufficient genetic variability to achieve genetic gain through selection. In general, estimates of genetic correlations between type and production traits were low, except for udder texture and angularity that showed positive genetic correlations (>0.29) with MY, FY, and PY. Udder depth had the highest negative genetic correlation (-0.30) with production traits. Selection for final score, commonly used by farmers as a practical selection tool to improve type traits, does not lead to significant improvements in production traits, thus the use of selection indices that consider both sets of traits (production and type) seems to be the most adequate to carry out genetic selection of animals in the Brazilian herd.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술대회지
• /
• pp.36-36
• /
• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.767-771
• /
• 2002

Breeding efficiencies were compared among three population schemes: a single population, a population with two subpopulations and a population with three sub-populations. A simulation experiment of selection was carried out for 10 generations with 20 replications each by comparing average breeding values and inbreeding coefficients among the three population schemes. Phenotypes of three traits were generated with a model comprising 36 loci, each with additive genetic effects and residuals distributed normally. Among the three population schemes, the single population scheme was definitely superior to the other two with regards to selection response and inbreeding. The multiple sub-population scheme was, however, considered to be an alternative population scheme when the difference in economic weights of the traits was small among the sub-populations, assuming moderate inbreeding depression for traits and crossbreeding. The scheme with two sub-populations had a higher genetic value than that with three subpopulations; however, the genetic values of the schemes were comparable when maternal heterosis was taken into account. The choice of population schemes may depend on the cost-sharing policy between the breeding population and the commercial population rather than just the breeding efficiency.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.145-156
• /
• 2016

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss of wheat and other cereal crops. Twelve isolates of F. graminearum were collected from naturally infected spikes of wheat from Assiut Egypt. These isolates were compared using SRAP. The results indicated distinct genetic groups exist within F. graminearum, and demonstrated that these groups have different biological properties, especially with respect to their pathogenicity on wheat. There were biologically significant differences between the groups; with group (B) isolates being more aggressive towards wheat than groups (A) and (C). Furthermore, Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) and Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) which isolated from wheat kernels were screened for antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. They significantly reduced the growth of F. graminearum colonies in culture. In order to gain insight into biological control effect in situ, highly antagonistic isolates of T. harzianum and B. subtilis were selected, based on their in vitro effectiveness, for greenhouse test. It was revealed that T. harzianum and B. subtilis significantly reduced FHB severity. The obtained results indicated that T. harzianum and B. subtilis are very effective biocontrol agents that offer potential benefit in FHB and should be harnessed for further biocontrol applications. The accurate analysis of genetic variation and studies of population structures have significant implications for understanding the genetic traits and disease control programs in wheat. This is the first known report of the distribution and genetic variation of F. graminearum on wheat spikes in Assiut Egypt.