• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.245-253
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• 1998

Recently, the importance of multi-objective optimization techniques and stochastic search methods is increasing. The stochastic search methods have the concepts of the survival of the fittest and natural selection such as genetic algorithms(GA), simulated annealing(SA) and evolution strategies (ES). As many accidents of oil tankers cause marine pollution, oil tankers of double hull or mid deck structure are being built to minimize the marine pollution. For the improvement of oil tanker design technique, an efficient optimization technique is proposed in this study. Multi-objective optimization problem of weight and cost of double hull and mid deck tanker is formulated. Discrete design variables are used considering real manufacturing, and the concept of relative production cost is also introduced. The ES method is used as an optimization technique, and the ES algorithm was developed to generate a more efficient Pareto optimal set.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2006

Chronic recurrent abdominal pain is a common manifestation in children. Functional abdominal pain is the most common cause of chronic abdominal pain and can be diagnosed properly by the physician without the requirement of specific evaluation when there are no alarm symptoms or signs. Functional abdominal pain is categorized as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia, according to the Rome II criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. New concepts on the pathogenesis of functional abdominal pain include brain-gut interaction, visceral hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal dysmotility, inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, genetic predisposition, and triggering factors including psycho-social stress.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.64-72
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to propose a topological design principles and to analyze the space of digital architecture applying topological invariant expressive characteristics. As this study is based on topology as a science of true world's pattern, we intented to explain the concepts and provide some methods of low-level and hyperspace topological invariant Properties. Four major aspects are discussed. Those are connection theory, boundary concept, homotopy group, knot Pattern theory as topological invariant properties. Then we intented to make understand topological characteristics of the Algorithms, luring machine, cellular automata, string theory, membrane, DNA and supramolecular chemistry. In fine, the topological invariant properties of the digital architecture as genetic algorithms based on self-organization and heterogeneous networks of interacting actors can be analyzed and used as a critical tool. Therefore topology can be provided endless possibilities for architecture, designers and scientists intended in expressing the more complex and organic patterns of nature as life.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon genetic disorder in which bone is replaced by immature bone and fibrous tissue, manifesting as slow-growing lesions. Sporadic post-zygotic activating mutations in GNAS gene result in dysregulated GαS-protein signaling and elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in affected tissues. This condition has a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from insignificant solitary lesions to severe disease. The craniofacial area is the most common site of fibrous dysplasia, and nine out of 10 patients with fibrous dysplasia affecting the craniofacial bones present before the age of 5. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, but the technique varies according to the location and severity of the lesion and associated symptoms. The timing and indications of surgery should be carefully chosen with multidisciplinary consultations and a patient-specific approach.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2007

Negative numbers have been one of the most difficult mathematical concepts, and it was only 200 years ago that they were recognized as a real object of mathematics by mathematicians. It was because it took more than 1500 years for human beings to overcome the quantitative notion of numbers and recognize the formality in negative numbers. Understanding negative numbers as formal ones resulted from the Copernican conversion in mathematical way of thinking. we first investigated the historic and the genetic process of the concept of negative numbers. Second, we analyzed the conceptual fields of negative numbers in the aspect of the additive and multiplicative structure. Third, we inquired into the levels of thinking on the concept of negative numbers on the basis of the historical and the psychological analysis in order to understand the formal concept of negative numbers. Fourth, we analyzed Korean mathematics textbooks on the basis of the thinking levels of the concept of negative numbers. Fifth, we investigated and analysed the levels of students' understanding of the concept of negative numbers. Sixth, we analyzed the symbolizing process in the development of mathematical concept. Futhermore, we tried to show a concrete way to teach the formality of the negative numbers concepts on the basis of such theoretical analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.627-634
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• 2008

This paper presents an optimum mixture design method for proportioning a concrete. In the proposed method, the search space is constrained as the domain defined by the minimal convex region of a database, instead of the available range of each component and the ratio composed of several components. The model for defining the search space which is expressed by the effective region is proposed. The effective region model evaluates whether a mix-proportion is effective on processing for optimization, yielding highly reliable results. Three concepts are adopted to realize the proposed methodology: A genetic algorithm for the optimization; an artificial neural network for predicting material properties; and a convex hull for evaluating the effective region. And then, it was applied to an optimization problem wherein the minimum cost should be obtained under a given strength requirement. Experimental test results show that the mix-proportion obtained from the proposed methodology using convex hulls is found to be more accurate and feasible than that obtained from a general optimum technique that does not consider this aspect.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.617-627
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• 2022

Military training is an essential item for the fundamental problem of war. However, there has always been a problem that many resources are consumed, causing spatial and environmental pollution. The concepts of defense modeling and simulation and CGF(Computer Generated Force) using computer technology began to appear to improve this problem. The Naval Operations, Resources Analysis Model(NORAM) developed by the Republic of Korea Navy is also a DEVS(Discrete Event Simulation)-based naval virtual force analysis model. The current NORAM is a battle experiment conducted by an operator, and parameter values such as maneuver and armament operation for individual objects for each situation are evaluated. In spite of our research conducted evolutionary, supervised, reinforcement learning, in this paper, we introduce our design of a scenario creation model based on evolutionary learning using genetic algorithms. For verification, the NORAM is loaded with our model to analyze wartime engagements. Human-level tactical scenario creation capability is secured by automatically generating enemy tactical scenarios for human-designed Blue Army tactical scenarios.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2009

Child is a being and provides the genetic continuity of parents and society, and therefore the fitness of these children for survival, growth and development towards reproduction, is of significance to parents and society. The aim of health care for high-risk children is not only to minimize or eliminate health problems, but also to optimize their fitness. Considering that the health care of children is influenced by available resources of parents and society, and sociocultural values and paradigms in a given environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), child health care professionals need to understand factors affecting the optimal fitness of children with risks. This paper introduces a new integrated theory for health care in high-risk children, entitled, Health for Optimal Fitness of High-Risk Children. Five main components were identified with associate concepts or midrange theories affecting heath for optimal fitness of high-risk children; EEA, optimal fitness, health problems, investment resources, and anthropological values. It may provide an integrated perspective on health of high-risk children in both the proximately biomedical approach and ultimately evolutionary approach as optimizing their fitness. Further study is needed to develop substantial statements between components with existential examples.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.529-542
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• 2017

Control of plant diseases is largely dependent on use of agrochemicals. However, there are widening gaps between our knowledge on plant diseases gained from genetic/mechanistic studies and rapid translation of the knowledge into target-oriented development of effective agrochemicals. Here we propose that the time is ripe for computer-aided drug discovery/design (CADD) in molecular plant pathology. CADD has played a pivotal role in development of medically important molecules over the last three decades. Now, explosive increase in information on genome sequences and three dimensional structures of biological molecules, in combination with advances in computational and informational technologies, opens up exciting possibilities for application of CADD in discovery and development of agrochemicals. In this review, we outline two categories of the drug discovery strategies: structure- and ligand-based CADD, and relevant computational approaches that are being employed in modern drug discovery. In order to help readers to dive into CADD, we explain concepts of homology modelling, molecular docking, virtual screening, and de novo ligand design in structure-based CADD, and pharmacophore modelling, ligand-based virtual screening, quantitative structure activity relationship modelling and de novo ligand design for ligand-based CADD. We also provide the important resources available to carry out CADD. Finally, we present a case study showing how CADD approach can be implemented in reality for identification of potent chemical compounds against the important plant pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2557-2562
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• 2012

In order to maintain order in the genetic information at cells, it need ongoing monitoring and recovery system. DNA is accomplished by a combination of base pairs, Wrong base pairs is formed with a much more lower frequency than the normal DNA. if it does not modify and was accumulate, the Cells were died. In this study, mistakes of DNA replication and repair of the damaged part was introduced engineering concepts by mimicking DNA repair functions. It was presented recover the complementary part of the previously announced and presented an efficient algorithm at find and recover the complementary part.