• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

The heritability of sink-source characters was estimated by regression coefficient between F$_2$ and F$_{5}$ in two crosses of IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo and the Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33. In order to get the some basic information for breeding of high yielding rice, genetic resources of new plant type with low tiller and heavy panicle were used. Most of the sink and source characters in Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33 cross showed high heritability over than 0.224. But the specific leaf area and sink-source ratio displayed low heritability being 0.009 and 0.013, respectively. Heritability of all sink and source characters in IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo cross ranged from 0.115 to 0.247. Correlation coefficient between yield and yield components in both combination were in the ranged between 0.001 and 0.247. But correlations among the yield components were not significant. Correlations between the yield and sink-source characters in both combinations were also highly significant. Particularly, correlation between the grain tiling ratio and most of the sink-source characters in IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo cross were not significant. In Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33 cross, correlations between grain filling ratio and source characters were positively significant. but sink characters (sink capacity and sink-source ratio, etc) were negatively significant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2017

To develop rice cultivars with increased biomass and grain yield, superior lodging resistance is an essential trait. The new breeding approach can be adopted for the improvement of stem lodging resistance by enhancing culm strength. The resistance to breaking type lodging is attributed to bending moment of basal culm (M), which is composed of the section modulus (SM) and bending stress (BS). The resistance to the bending type lodging is attributed to flexural rigidity (FR) of stem, which is composed of the secondary moment of inertia (SMI) and Young's modulus (YM). Starch and cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin also play a significant role in physical strength of culm, and thus affect lodging. Leaf Star has a superior lodging resistance due to its thick and stiff culm because of its high M and FR compared with Koshihikari. Furthermore, Leaf Star contains high densities of hemicellulose, cellulose and low lignin density in culm compared with Koshihikari. In this study, we performed QTL analysis for these traits associated with culm strength, using 94 recombinant inbred lines (RILs, $F_8$), derived from a cross between Leaf Star and Koshihikari. The SM in the RILs showed a continuous distribution. QTLs for SM were detected on chrs.2, 3 and 10. Leaf Star alleles increased SM on chrs. 2 and 3, but Koshihikari allele increased on chr.10. These QTLs overlapped with those QTLs identified using backcrossed inbred line derived from a cross between Chugoku 117 and Koshihikari, the parents of Leaf Star. The FR in Leaf Star was higher than that in Koshihikari due to the larger SMI and YM. 3 QTLs for SMI were detected on chrs.2, 3 and 10. Leaf Star alleles increased SMI on chrs.2 and 3, and Koshihikari alleles increased on chr.10. One QTL on chr.3 and two QTLs on chr.5 for hollocelulose content were detected with Leaf Star alleles contribution. Moreover, two QTLs were detected for hemicellulose density on chrs.3 and 5. Leaf Star allele increased hemicellulose density on chr.5, and Koshihikari allele increased on chr.3. Furthermore, two QTLs for cellulose density were detected on chr.5, and one QTL on chr.2. For starch content, one QTL on chr.3 and two QTLs on chr.5 with Leaf Star alleles contribution were detected. TULK-6 carrying a chromosome segment of Leaf Star on chr.5 in the Koshihikari genetic background showed higher densities of starch and hemicellulose than those in Koshihikari. These results suggest that the detected QTLs for culm strength could be utilized for the improvement of lodging resistance in rice by marker-assisted selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1659-1664
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to investigate color patterns of shell and mantle edge pigmentation of a Pacific oyster, C. gigas, and to estimate variance components of the two colors. A sample of 240 F0 oysters was collected from six aquaculture farms in Tongyeong, Korea to measure shell color and mantle edge pigmentation. Among the F0s, male and female individuals with black (white) shell and black (white) mantle edge were selected and mated to generate three F1 full-sib black (white) cross families (N = 265). Two and four F2 cross families (N = 286) were also produced from black and white F1 selected individuals, respectively. Variance component estimates due to residuals and families within color were obtained using SAS PROC VARCOMP procedures to estimate heritability of shell and mantle edge pigmentation. In the F0 generation, about 29% (11%) had black (white) color for both shell and mantle edge. However, in the F1 and F2 black (white) cross families, 75% (67%) and 100% (100%) of oysters had black (white) shell colors, and 59% (23%) and 79% (55%) had black (white) mantle edge, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients between shell and mantle edge color were 0.25, 0.74, and 0.92 in F0, F1, and F2 generations, respectively, indicating that, with generations of selection process, an individual with black (white) shell color is more likely to have black (white) mantle edge pigmentation. This suggests that shell color could be a good indicator trait for mantle edge pigmentation if selection of both the colors is implemented for a couple of generations. Estimates of heritability were 0.41 and 0.77 for shell color and 0.27 and 0.08 for mantle edge pigmentation in the F1 and F2 generations, respectively, indicating that, in general, significant proportions of phenotypic variations for the shell and mantle edge colors are explained by genetic variations between individuals. These results suggest that the two color traits are inheritable and correlated, enabling effective selection on shell and mantle edge color.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6103-6108
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• 2013

Objective: Excision repair cross-complementing group 6 (ERCC6) is a major component of the nucleotide excision repair pathway that plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. Several recent studies suggested a link of ERCC6 polymorphisms with susceptibility to various cancers. However, the relation of ERCC6 polymorphism with gastric cancer (GC) risk remains elusive. In this sex- and age-matched case-control study including 402 GC cases and 804 cancer-free controls, we aimed to investigate the association between a potentially functional polymorphism (rs1917799 T>G) in the ERCC6 regulatory region and GC risk. Methods: The genotypes of rs1917799 were determined by Sequenom MassARRAY platform and the status of Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with the common TT genotype, the ERCC6 rs1917799 GG genotype was associated with increased GC risk (adjusted OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.03-2.08, P=0.035). When compared with (GT+TT) genotypes, the GG genotype also demonstrated a statistical association with increased GC risk (adjusted OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.89, P=0.044). This was also observed for the male subpopulation (GG vs. TT: adjusted OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.12-2.62, P=0.013; G allele vs. T allele: adjusted OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.07-1.62, P=0.009). Genetic effects on increased GC risk tended to be enhanced by H. pylori infection, smoking and drinking, but their interaction effects on GC risk did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: ERCC6 rs1917799 GG genotype might be associated with increased GC risk in Chinese, especially in males.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2009

Purpose : Epilepsy affects more than 0.5% of the world's population. It has a large genetic component and is caused by electrical hyperexcitability in the central nervous system. Despite its prevalence, the disease lacks definitive diagnostic serological biomarkers. To identify potential biomarkers for epilepsy by a convenient method, we analyzed the expression of serum proteins, reflecting alterations in the patient's proteomes. Methods : We compared two-dimensional electrophoretic band patterns of human sera from eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with those of eight control subjects. The differentially expressed bands were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. esults : Twelve proteins were differentially expressed in the TLE group, of which 6 were identified. Expression of haptoglobin Hp2, PRO2675, immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 2, an unnamed protein, and three unidentified proteins were upregulated in serum from the patients with TLE, whereas those of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen, plasma retinol-binding protein precursor, and three unidentified proteins were downregulated in these patients. After resection of the epileptogenic zone, the expressions of MHC class I antigen, immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 2, two of the downregulated unidentified proteins, and one of the upregulated unidentified proteins returned to the normal range. Conclusion : The 12 serum proteins in this study are potentially useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of TLE.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.957-966
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• 2017

Objective: To understand the dynamic structure, function, and influence on nutrient metabolism in hosts, it was crucial to assess the genetic potential of gut microbial community in yaks of different ages. Methods: The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles and Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing on colon contents of 15 semi-domestic yaks were investigated. Unweighted pairwise grouping method with mathematical averages (UPGMA) clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the DGGE fingerprint. The Illumina sequences were assembled, predicted to genes and functionally annotated, and then classified by querying protein sequences of the genes against the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. Results: Metagenomic sequencing showed that more than 85% of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, indicating that the family Ruminococcaceae (46.5%), Rikenellaceae (11.3%), Lachnospiraceae (10.0%), and Bacteroidaceae (6.3%) were dominant gut microbes. Over 50% of non-rRNA gene sequences represented the metabolic pathways of amino acids (14.4%), proteins (12.3%), sugars (11.9%), nucleotides (6.8%), lipids (1.7%), xenobiotics (1.4%), coenzymes, and vitamins (3.6%). Gene functional classification showed that most of enzyme-coding genes were related to cellulose digestion and amino acids metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Yaks' age had a substantial effect on gut microbial composition. Comparative metagenomics of gut microbiota in 0.5-, 1.5-, and 2.5-year-old yaks revealed that the abundance of the class Clostridia, Bacteroidia, and Lentisphaeria, as well as the phylum Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lentisphaerae, Tenericutes, and Cyanobacteria, varied more greatly during yaks' growth, especially in young animals (0.5 and 1.5 years old). Gut microbes, including Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Lentisphaeria, make a contribution to the energy metabolism and synthesis of amino acid, which are essential to the normal growth of yaks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.839-848
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• 2015

A molecular marker is a molecule contained within a sample taken from an organism or other matter. The development of molecular techniques for genetic analysis has led to a great contribution to our knowledge of plant genetics and our understanding of the structure and behavior of various genomes in plants. Recently, functional molecular markers have been developed to detect the presence of major genes from the analysis of pedigreed data in absence of molecular information. DNA markers have developed into many systems based on different polymorphism-detecting techniques or methods such as RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, SSR, SNP, etc. A new class of very useful DNA markers called genic molecular markers utilizing the ever-increasing archives of gene sequence information being accumulated under the EST sequencing projects on a large number of plant species. Functional markers are derived from polymorphic sequences, and are more likely to be involved in phenotypic trait variation. Based on this conceptual framework, the marker systems discussed below are all (gene)-targeted markers, which have the potential to become functional. These markers being part of the cDNA/EST-sequences, are expected to represent the functional component of the genome i.e., gene(s), in contrast to all other random DNA based markers that are developed/generated from the anonymous genomic DNA sequences/domains irrespective of their genic content/information. Especially I sited Poczai et al’ reviews, advances in plant gene-targeted and functional markers. Their reviews may be some useful information to study molecular markers in plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

Innate immunity is the ability to differentiate infectious agents from self. The innate immune system is comprised of a complicated network of recognition and effector molecules that act together to protect the host in the early stage of an infectious challenge. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL or mannose-binding protein, MBP) belongs to the family of $Ca^{2+}$-dependent lectins (C-type lectin with a collagen-like domain), which are considered an important component of innate immunity. While it is associated with increased risk and severity of infections and autoimmunity, the most frequent immuno-deficiency syndrome was reported to be low MBL level in blood. Deficiency of human MBL is caused by mutations in the coding region of the MBL gene. Rat homologue gene of human MBL gene was used to study functions of wild type and mutant MBL proteins. Although extensive studies have yielded the structural information of MBL, the functions of MBL, especially mutant MBL, still require investigation. We previously reported the cloning of rat wild-type MBL gene and the production of a truncated form of MBL protein and its antibody. Here, we present the cloning of mutant MBL cDNA in collagen-like domain (R40C, G42D, and G45E) using site-directed mutagenesis and differential behaviors of wild type and mutant MBL in cells. The major difference between wild type and mutant MBL was that while wild type MBL was secreted, mutant MBL was inhibited for secretion, retained in endoplasmic reticulum, and still functioned as a lectin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.290-301
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• 1990

The 167 plus tree clones of Pinus koraiensis in clone bank planted in 1983 were investigated for time of flowering, rate of flowering, and number of flowering from 1986 to 1989. The results were as follows : 1) There were clones in the minority which do not cross in natural pollination between earlest flowering female clones and latest shedding male clones. 2) The rate of male flowering appeared less than rate of female flowering and received influence of genetic more than rate of female flowering. 3) The numbers of flowering in female and male flower were affected by small number of clones. 4) The flowering number for female strobili was not related to the flowering number of male flower. The 42 clones among 167 clone had not male flower. 5) The flowering number of 167clones were classified three groups in female flower and four groups in male flower by L.S.D 5% test. 6) The clones with abundant female and male flower were selected based on the component analysis. 7) As Based on flowering rate and number of female, the juvenile phase of plus tree clones appeared to be until four years after grafting ; the transition period appeared to be from five to seven years after grafting ; the adult phase appeared to begin from eight years after grafting, 8) The grafted trees of Pinus koraiensis appeared early flowerring about six years compared with seedling trees.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.558-577
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• 2020

Isoflavone contents in soybean seeds are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Correlation analysis between these factors and isoflavone contents are considered as valuable inputs when breeding improved soybean cultivars. In this study, the seeds of 49 soybean accessions grown in Korea were grouped as black, yellow, green, yellowish-green, pale yellow, and green with a black spot based on their seed coat colors. The contents of 12 isoflavones were analyzed and the association between isoflavone content and seed coat color was determined. The accessions were also grouped as early, intermediate, and late-maturing based on their days to maturity. Out of the 12 isoflavones, 11 were found in 2 accessions, 9 in 18 accessions, 8 in 11 accessions, 7 in another 11 accessions, and 6 in 7 accessions. The total isoflavone content (TIC) in black, yellow, green, yellowish-green, pale yellow, and green with black spot soybeans was in the ranges 2.110 ~ 5.777, 2.487 ~ 4.733, 2.185 ~ 4.413, 2.681 ~ 4.065, 1.827 ~ 4.085, and 3.376 ~ 4.133 mg/g, respectively. The average TIC was highest in green with black spot soybeans (3.616 mg/g), and lowest in pale yellow soybeans (2.875 mg/g). Besides, the average TIC was lowest in early maturing accessions compared to late- and intermediate-maturing accessions. TIC was strongly correlated to malonylgenistin (r = 0.91) and malonyldaidzin (r = 0.78) contents, and poorly correlated to glycitein (r = 0.04) and malonylglycitin (r = 0.18) contents. Also, days to maturity showed strong correlation with malonylgenistin (r = 0.47) content and TIC (r = 0.38). The principal component analysis outlined accessions with high TIC and diverse isoflavones along the first and second components, respectively. The results of the present study depicted that green soybeans with a black spot could be sources of high TIC. Furthermore, late-maturing accessions with diverse isoflavones in their seeds could be useful in future agricultural systems in Korea.