• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2008

In this study, the characterization of minor livestock's excretions in terms of unit load generation and discharge was conducted by investigation and analysis of urine, manure and wastewater from stall of fowl, duck, horse, deer, goat and sheep. The results are summarized as follows: The unit load generation of fowl estimated by discharged amount and concentration analysis increases in egg layers due to the difference of planting head numbers, feed stuffs and manure disposal. In case of deer unit load generation by herbivora were calculated to be higher than data from existing references because of the gap between weight per livestock and the generation amounts of manure and urine. In case of sheep unit load generation by urine were analyzed two times higher than by manure but unit load generation by manure were reported higher than by urine in references, so large differences between this and previous study resulted.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.531-553
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• 2012

Many tall buildings possess through-building gaps at middle levels of the building elevation. Some of these floors are used as sky gardens, or refuge floors, through which wind can flow with limited blockage. It has been reported in the literature that through-building gaps can be effective in reducing across-wind excitation of tall buildings. This paper systematically examines the effectiveness of two configurations of a through-building gap, at the mid-height of a tall building, in reducing the wind-induced dynamic responses of the building. The two configurations differ in the pattern of through-building opening on the gap floor, one with opening through the central portion of the floor and the other with opening on the perimeter of the floor around a central core. Wind forces and moments on the building models were measured with a high-frequency force balance from which dynamic building responses were computed. The results show that both configurations of a through-building gap are effective in reducing the across-wind excitation with the one with opening around the perimeter of the floor being significantly more effective. Wind pressures were measured on the building faces with electronic pressure scanners to help understand the generation of wind excitation loading. The data suggest that the through-building gap reduces the fluctuating across-wind forces through a disturbance of the coherence and phase-alignment of vortex excitation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.984-990
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• 2017

The domestic cultural contents industry has been growing rapidly since the 2000s. The government has designated the cultural content industry as the next generation domestic growth industry. In order to cultivate this, various regulations are made and the budget is supported. Local governments are preparing various policies of cultural contents industry. This study presents the economic ripple effect by analyzing the status level and competence of the cultural contents industry in region based on LQ(location quotient) analysis and GAP analysis. Through this, this study will examine the competitiveness of the cultural content industry with high added value in Busan and draw out the plan for activation of cultural contents. Also, this study will compare competitiveness of Busan with other regions and show the economic contribution of Busan City.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.269-274
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• 2017

Currently, fuel efficiency becomes one of critical issues for automotive industries as concerns about environmental and energy problems grow. In an automatic transmission of an automobile, a drag torque due to a viscous drag of a fluid between friction and clutch plates is one of factors that degrade fuel economy. In this work, the drag torque characteristics of a wet clutch was experimentally investigated with respect to rotational speed, temperature of automatic transmission fluid (ATF), and gap between friction and clutch plates. The experimental results showed that drag torque increases to a certain level, and then decrease to the steady state value with increasing rotational speed. This behavior may be associated with two-phase flow of air and ATF at gap between friction and clutch plates. Also, it was found that the maximum drag torque value decreased as ATF viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. However, it was shown that the point at which the maximum drag torque occurs was not significantly affected by the ATF temperature. In addition, maximum drag torque was found to decrease as the gap between friction and clutch plates increased from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. Furthermore, it was observed that the generation of maximum drag torque was delayed as the gap increased. The outcomes of this work are expected to be helpful to gain a better understanding of drag torque characteristic of a wet clutch, and may therefore be useful in the design of wet clutch systems with improved performance.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.1133-1144
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• 2019

Recently, the amount of image on the Internet has rapidly increased, due to the advancement of smart devices and various approaches to effective image retrieval have been researched under these situation. Existing image retrieval methods simply detect the objects in a image and carry out image retrieval based on the label of each object. Therefore, the semantic gap occurs between the image desired by a user and the image obtained from the retrieval result. To reduce the semantic gap in image retrievals, we connect the module for multiple objects classification based on deep learning with the module for human behavior classification. And we combine the connected modules with a behavior ontology. That is to say, we propose an image retrieval system considering the relationship between objects by using the combination of deep learning and behavior ontology. We analyzed the experiment results using walking and running data to take into account dynamic behaviors in images. The proposed method can be extended to the study of automatic annotation generation of images that can improve the accuracy of image retrieval results.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.208-221
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the hair style, and perceiver's generation on the perception of a high schoolgirl's image. A quasi-experimental method by questionnaire was used. The subjects were 253 high schoolgirls and their mothers living in Jinju. The data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha-reliability coefficient, three-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple ranges test. The high schoolgirl's image was derived in five dimensions by factor analysis: schoolgirl look, prettiness, individuality, activeness, and cuteness. In the image based on the hair length, it was assessed that the short cut and the bobbed hair styles looked more like school girls. And the short cut and long hair styles were considered as showing individuality. On the other hand, the bobbed hair style was assessed as cuter than styles of other lengths. For the bangs, the short bangs were found to more school-girl look and cuter than the long bangs. The mother group, whose ages were older than that of the other group, evaluated that the stimulative pictures had more school-girl look, individuality, prettiness, activeness and cuteness, compared to how the school girl group evaluated. It was shown that the generation gap produced different opinions about the stimulative pictures. Therefore hair style, bangs style, and difference in generations were found to be the variables affecting perception of high school girl image.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2000

In this paper the concentration, yield and generation quantity of the ozone by the superposition discharge according to the coaxial electrodes geometry is described. In order to improve the ozone generation, a new type of ozonizer is proposed, where a silent discharge and a surface discharge are generated in the separated discharge spaces at the same time. To investigate the ozone generation dependency on electrode geometry, a few discharge tubes with different geometry were fabricated. In our experiment, the 60[Hz] one phase voltage is applied to the discharge tube which has three electrodes. And three kinds of discharges, two silent discharges and a surface discharge are superposed in the same space of the ozonizer. As a result, the followings are obvious. When two kinds of discharges are superposed under the condition using 3 electrode-3gap discharge tube, the maximum ozone efficiency is obtained.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.353-363
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• 2008

The Purpose of the study was to examine the formative characteristics of silver fashion design by analyzing the silhouettes, colors, patterns, textures, and details in the brands for silver generation in Korea. Photographs of silver generation women's brands were collected to be analyzed with a focus on formative characteristics using SPSS packages. The result revealed the common formative characteristics of madam-brands and designer boutique brands-they both use semi-fitted silhouette with lighter colors for upper garment, and darker shades for lower garment. When it come to textile, upper garment was mainly made with hard and soft textile. In patterns, plain, flower print, and asymmetrical patterns were used for upper garment, and plain patterns for lower garment. Despite the gap in price, there were few differences in madam-brands and designer boutique brands with partial differences in the kinds of patterns, the proportion of patterns, the details such as zip-ups and buttons, beads, laces, and ruffles, and the use of different textiles for each brand. In conclusion, it is important to develop design that helps cover the body shapes of silver generation customers while highlighting the unique design of each brand for the development of the silver fashion.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

We have proposed a new shallow trench isolation (STI) process using flowable oxide (F-oxide) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for DRAM application and it was successfully developed. The combination of F-oxide CVD and HDP CVD is thought to be the superior STI gap-filling process for next generation DRAM fabrication because F-oxide not only improves STI gap-filling capability, but also the reduced local stress by F-oxide in narrow trenches leads to decrease in junction leakage and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current. Finally, this process increased data retention time of DRAM compared to HDP STI. However, a serious failure occurred by symphonizing its structural dependency of deposited thickness with poor resistance against HF chemicals. It could be suppressed by reducing the flow time during F-oxide deposition. It was investigated collectively in terms of device yield. In conclusion, the combination of F-oxide and HDP oxide is the very promising technology for STI gap filling process of sub-100nm DRAM technology.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2015

The most common structure of the current transformer (CT) consists of a length of wire wrapped many times around a silicon steel ring passed over the circuit being measured. Therefore, the primary circuit of CT consists of a single turn of the conductor, with a secondary circuit of many tens or hundreds of turns. The primary winding may be a permanent part of the current transformer, with a heavy copper bar to carry the current through the magnetic core. However, when the large current flows into a wire, it is difficult to measure its magnitude of current because the core is saturated and the core shows magnetic nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, we proposed a newly designed CT which has an air gap in the core to decrease the generated magnetic flux. Adding the air gap in the magnetic path increases the total magnetic reluctance against the same magnetic motive force (MMF). Using a ferrite core instead of steel also causes the generation of low magnetic flux. These features can protect the magnetic saturation of the CT core compared with the steel core. This technique can help the design of the CT to obtain a special shape and size.