• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 1992

In this paper, two general methods using time-series analysis in the functional separation of the myoelectric signal of human arm movements are developed. Autocorrelation, covariance method and sequential least squares algorithm were used to determine the model parameters and the order of signal model to describe six arm movement patterns` the forearm flexion and extension, the wrist pronation and supination, rotation-in and rotation-out. The confidence interval to classify the functions of arm movement was defined by the mean and standard deviation of total squared error. With the error signals of autoregressive(AR) model, the result showed that the highest success rate was obtained in the case of 4th order, and success rate was decreased with increase of order. Autocorrelation was the method of choice for better success rate. This technique might be applied to biomedical and rehabilitation engineering.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2000

The scope of this paper is focused to the systems which have the time period and they should be necessarily studied in the sense of stability and design method of controller to stabilize the orignal unstable systems. In general, the time periodic systems or the systems having same motions during certain time interval are easily found in rotating motion device, i.e., satellite or helicopter and widely used in factory automation systems. The characteristics of the selected dynamic systems are analyzed with the new stability concept and stabilization control method based on Lyapunov direct method. The new method from Lyapunov stability criteria which satisfies the energy convergence is studied with linear algebraic method. And the numerical procedures are developed with computational programming method to apply to the practical linear periodic systems. The results from this paper demonstrate the usefulness in analysis of the asymptotic stability and stabilization of the unstable linear periodic system by using the developed simulation procedures.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1990

This paper presents a new temporal reasoning scheme based on explicit expression of time intervals. The proposed scheme deals with the general problem of temporal knowledge representation and temporal reasoning and may be used in rule-based systems and qualitative models. Time intervals, not time points, are defined in terms of orders and/or numbers in a quantity space. As a result, the system behavior is represented in the form of partially ordered networks. Such explicit and qualitative description of temporal quantities enables both reduction of ambiguity and parsimonious used of temporal information. Based on the proposed temporal reasoning scheme, a new rule-based qualitative simulation system is being built and evaluated.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to make effective mobile grid considered general environment, which can be summarized as irregular mobility, service exploration, data sharing, variety of machines, limit to the battery duration, etc. The data was extracted from the Dartmouth College. We analysed mobile use pattern of a specific group and applied pattern using hybrid method. As a result, we could adjust infra usage effectively and appropriately and cost cutting and increase satisfaction of user. In this study, by applying weighting method based on access time interval, we analysed use pattern added time variation with association rule during users in mobile grid environment. We proposed more stable way to manage patterns in a mobile grid environment that is being used as a hybrid form to process the data value received from the server in real time. Further studies are needed to get appropriate use pattern by group using use patterns of various groups.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.287-300
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• 2011

Counting statistics modified by introducing two dead times in series under a Poisson input distribution are discussed. A previous study examined the two cases of series combinations of nonextended-extended (NE-E) and extended-extended (EE) dead times. The present study investigated the remaining two cases of extended-nonextended (E-NE) and nonextended-nonextended (NE-NE) dead times. For the three time origins of the counting processes - ordinary, equilibrium, and shifted processes - a set of formulae was newly developed from a general formulation and presented for the event time interval densities, total densities, and exact mean and variance of the counts in a given counting duration. The asymptotic expressions for the mean and variance of the counts, which are most convenient for applications, were fully listed. The equilibrium mean count rates distorted by the three dead times in series were newly derived from the information obtained in these studies. An application of the derived formulae is briefly discussed.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.145-159
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• 1999

비닐하우스 재배 농작업과 요통유병과의 관련성을 파악하기 위해 1998년 8월 14일부터 9월 27일 까지 전라남도 담양군 수북면 정중 보건진료소 주변 지역내에 거주하는 비닐하우스 재배농민 215명과 일반농민 228명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 비닐하우스 재배농민은 일반농민에 비해 젊은 연령, 높은 교육수준, 높은 배우자 생존율, 높은 경제상태 이었으며 의료보호비율이 낮았다. 2. 비닐하우스 재배농민은 일반농민에 비해 농사경력기간이 짧은자가 더 많았으며 농기계를 사용한자가 더 많았고 작업자세에 있어서 쪼그리고 작업한다는 자가 더 많았다. 3. 하루중 농한기 작업시간 및 활동시간에 있어서 비닐하우스 재배농민용 일반농민에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 길었으며 농번기 작업시간 및 활동시간은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. 비닐하우스 작업이 많은 지난봄에 비닐하우스 재배농민이 일반농민에 비해 유의하게 높은 요통유병율을 보였으나 비닐하우스 작업이 적은 조사 당시 1주이내에는 두 군간에 요통유병율이 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5. 단순분석에서 지난봄 요통유병과 통계적으로 유의하게 관련된 변수로는 성별(p<0.001) 교육정도, 작업자세(p<0.0001). 농기계사용여부(p<0.05)이었다. 6. 단순분석에서 유의한 변수와 비닐하우스 작업여부 및 연령을 독립변수로 하고 지난 봄 요통여부를 종속변수로 하여 다중 로지스틱 분석결과 비닐하우스 종사자는 일반 농민에 비해 요통 유병이 2.08배 (95% 신뢰구간 1.31-3.00) 높았으며 여여자에서 남자보다 2.35배 (95% 신뢰구간 1.24-4.47) 높았다. 교육정도에서 무학은 고졸에 비해 2.60배 (95% 신뢰구간 1.24-4.47) 높았다. 작업자세는 쪼그리고 일한적이 많은자가 주로 서서 일하는 자보다 1.66배 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이상에서 볼 때 비닐하우스 재배자는 일반 농민에 비해 요통유병율은 비닐하우스 작업이 많은 봄철에 유의하게 높았으며 요통유병에 일반적으로 영향을 미치는 연령, 성별, 교육정도, 작업자세, 농기계 사용여부를 통제한 상태에서도 비닐하우스 재배여부에 따라 요통 유병율이 유의한 차이를 보여 주었기 때문에 비닐하우스 작업이 요통유병과 관련되어 있다고 할 수 있으며 요통 유발 요인을 지속적으로 연구하여야 할 것이며 비닐하우스 재배자를 대상으로 한층 더 요통예방사업이 요청된다 하겠다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2007

For spacecraft attitude control, reaction wheel (RW) steering laws with more than three wheels for three-axis attitude control can be derived by using a control allocation (CA) approach.1-2 The CA technique deals with a problem of distributing a given control demand to available sets of actuators.3-4 There are many references for CA with applications to aerospace systems. For spacecraft, the control torque command for three body-fixed reference frames can be constructed by a combination of multiple wheels, usually four-wheel pyramid sets. Multi-wheel configurations can be exploited to satisfy a body-axis control torque requirement while satisfying objectives such as minimum control energy.1-2 In general, the reaction wheel steering laws determine required torque command for each wheel in the form of matrix pseudo-inverse. In general, the attitude control command is generated in the form of a feedback control. The spacecraft body angular rate measured by gyros is used to estimate angular displacement also.⁵ Combination of the body angular rate and attitude parameters such as quaternion and MRPs(Modified Rodrigues Parameters) is typically used in synthesizing the control command which should be produced by RWs.¹ The attitude sensor signals are usually corrupted by noise; gyros tend to contain errors such as drift and random noise. The attitude determination system can estimate such errors, and provide best true signals for feedback control.⁶ Even if the attitude determination system, for instance, sophisticated algorithm such as the EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) algorithm⁶, can eliminate the errors efficiently, it is quite probable that the control command still contains noise sources. The noise and/or other high frequency components in the control command would cause the wheel speed to change in an undesirable manner. The closed-loop system, governed by the feedback control law, is also directly affected by the noise due to imperfect sensor characteristics. The noise components in the sensor signal should be mitigated so that the control command is isolated from the noise effect. This can be done by adding a filter to the sensor output or preventing rapid change in the control command. Dynamic control allocation(DCA), recently studied by Härkegård, is to distribute the control command in the sense of dynamics⁴: the allocation is made over a certain time interval, not a fixed time instant. The dynamic behavior of the control command is taken into account in the course of distributing the control command. Not only the control command requirement, but also variation of the control command over a sampling interval is included in the performance criterion to be optimized. The result is a control command in the form of a finite difference equation over the given time interval.⁴ It results in a filter dynamics by taking the previous control command into account for the synthesis of current control command. Stability of the proposed dynamic control allocation (CA) approach was proved to ensure the control command is bounded at the steady-state. In this study, we extended the results presented in Ref. 4 by adding a two-step dynamic CA term in deriving the control allocation law. Also, the strict equality constraint, between the virtual and actual control inputs, is relaxed in order to construct control command with a smooth profile. The proposed DCA technique is applied to a spacecraft attitude control problem. The sensor noise and/or irregular signals, which are existent in most of spacecraft attitude sensors, can be handled effectively by the proposed approach.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1996

Peripheral nerve injury occurs mostly by trauma and is usually associated with fracture of bone and joint, muscular injury and tendon injury and it also evokes paralysis and anesthesia. When treatment of peripheral nerve injury is considered,, the modality of treatment is decided by the general condition of the patient, type of injury, associated injuries and the condition of wound. To get the maximum results, surgical treatment and reconstruction and rehabilitation should all go in hand-in-hand. From January 1985 to December 1994, we observed 61 patients that had operation without reconstruction due to peripheral nerve injury with a follow-up period of more than 1 year. Among the 61 patients, 44 were men(72%) and 17 were women(28%). Follow-up period was average 19 months. Age distribution was mostly in their twenties with a mean age of 28 years. Time interval of operation after injury was average 11 months. Trauma was the main cause of peripheral nerve injuries with a proportion of 87%. 31 patients had neurorrhaphy, in which case 14 patients had stay suture and 17 patients did not. 14 patients had nerve graft, and 16 patients had neurolysis. We used our scales to compare the results of surgery on the basis of British Research Council System. We gave scores to every sensory and motor scale to estimate functional improvement and emphasized on motor functional improvement. The total score = sensory score + ($2{\times}motor$ score). We considered 8-9 points as excellent, 6-7 points as good, 2-5 points as fair, 0-1 points as poor result. We considered excellent and good as much improved. Excellent and good results were obtained in 13 out of 14 neurorrhaphy with stay suture(93%), 12 out of 17 neurorrhaphy without stay suture(71%), 6 out of 14 nerve graft(43%), 12 out of 16 neurolysis(75%). Among the patients with neurorrhaphy done within 3 months, 11 out of 14(86%) showed improvement, but among the patients after 4 months 3 out of 17(76%) showed improvement. 84% of improvement was observed in the patients with time interval from injury to surgery within 3 months, and 64% in the patients with time interval after 4 months. In the aspect of age, 77% with the age below 20 years, 70% with the age between 21 and 30 years, 66% with the age above 31 years showed improvement. We conclude that considering degree of injury, time interval from injury and age with the adequate method of treatment, we can obtain good results from surgery.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.295-300
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• 1998

In this paper, we point out the possibility of the divergence of control input caused by the estimation error of delay-time when general iterative learning algorithms are applied to a class of linear dynamic systems with time-delay in which delay-time is not exactly measurable, and then propose a new type of iterative learning algorithm in order to solve this problem. To resolve the uncertainty of delay-time, we propose an algorithm using holding mechanism which has been used in digital control system and/or discrete-time control system. The control input is held as constant value during the time interval of which size is that of the delay-time uncertainty. The output of the system tracks a given desired trajectory at discrete points which are spaced auording to the size of uncertainty of delay-time with the robust property for estimation error of delay-time. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effeciency of the proposed algorithm.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제15D권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2008

인터넷과 인트라넷의 확산에 따라, 스트림 데이터 처리(stream data processing)와 같은 새로운 분야가 등장하게 되었다. 스트림 데이터는 실시간적이고 연속적으로 생성된다. 스트림 데이터 환경에서는 복수 개의 질의들이 미리 등록되고 후에 도착되는 데이터는 등록된 질의들에 의하여 평가된다. 따라서 질의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여, 스트림 데이터 처리 시스템을 위한 다양한 연속성 질의 색인 방법들이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 스트림 데이터를 위한 질의 색인에 대하여 다룬다. 일반적으로, 스트림 질의는 간격 조건식을 포함하고 있다. 따라서, 간격 조건식을 이용하여, 질의들을 색인화할 수 있다. 이 논문에서, 탐색 속도를 향상시키기 위하여, Interval Skip List를 수정한 효율적인 질의 색인 방법, QUISIS를 제안한다. QUISIS는 최근 데이터 값이 근 미래에 도착하는 값과 비슷하다는 지역성을 활용한다. 성능 평가를 통하여, 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법의 효율성을 보인다.