• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1007-1017
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the ambulatory status in hemiplegia with intracerebral hemorrhage after rehabilitation. Thirty patients with stroke who was admitted in the Chosun University Hospital, between from January 1st' 1998 and December 31st' 1998, were included in this study. The following variables as a potential predictors for ambulation were evaluated at treatment of the stroke onset; 1) general characteristics including age and sex, and 2) clinical characteristics including frequency and onset time of the stroke, affected side, duration of the treatment, time interval between onset and rehabilitation, manual muscle test of paretic limb, sitting and standing balance, proprioception, perception, cognitive function. We compared and analyzed the these variables to the two type of ambulatory status at the time of the discharge by Modified Barthel Index, independent, dependent. The data were analyzed by student t-test, Fisher-exact test, Mann Whitney-U test, $X^{2}$-test, correlation analysis(spearman's). The results were as follows; 1. Were no significantly inflenced independent ambulatory status among general characteristics. 2. Frequency of the stroke and proprioception (p<0.05), muscle strength of the lower limb, cognitive function and standing balance (p<0.01), perception and sitting balance (p<0.001) were significantly inflenced independent ambulatory status among clinical characteristics. 3. Independent Variable correlated with the ambulatory status were muscle strength of the lower limb, proprioception and sitting balance (p<0.05), standing balance, frequency of the stroke, perception and cognitive function (p<0.01). Therefore the muscle strength of the lower limb, proprioception, sitting balance, standing balance, frequency of the stroke, perception, cognitive function were the most significant influencing factors of ambulatory status after rehabilitation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignant pleural effusion is a frequently observed com-plication, and is an important negative prognostic factor. Although many studies concerned to diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion have been performed, prognostic factors of malignant pleural effusion have rarely been investigated. This study was performed to determine the prognostic factors of malignant pleural effusion n non-small cell lung cancer. Material and Method: We evaluated 33 NSCLC patients with malignant effusion treated between January 2002 and December 2003. We analyzed possible factors: gender, age, TNM Stage, fluid analysis (pH, CEA, LDH, glucose, albumin) and treatment modality. Median survival time of each factor was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and difference of median survival time between groups of factor compared by log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to confirm the significance of prognostic factor. Results: Of the 33 patients, 23 (69.7%) patients were adenocarcinoma. The median interval of the diagnosis of lung cancer and malignant effusion was 7.3 months ($25^{th}{\sim}75^{th}:\;3.9{\sim}11.8$), and the median survival time was 3.6 months (95% Confidence Interval: $1.14{\sim}5.99$). In the univariate analysis, using the log-rank test, those with an adenocarcinoma showed a relatively longer median survival time than those of a non-adenocarcinoma (4.067 vs. 1.867 months, p=0.067) without statistical significance. In the multivariate analysis, using the Cox regression, those with a non-adenocarcinoma showed a trend of high risk of cancer death than those with an adenocarcinoma without statistical significance (Relative risk; 2.754, 95% Cl: $0.988{\sim}7.672$, p=0.053). Conclusion: We could not find an independent prognostic factor of malignant pleural effusion in NSCLC. As there was a trend of high risk of cancer death according to histology, further study will be needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum progesterone (P4) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the pregnancy rate among women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (ICSI-ET) using a flexible antagonist protocol. Methods: This prospective study included 200 IVF and ICSI-ET cycles in which a flexible antagonist protocol was used. The patients were divided into five distinct groups according to their serum P4 levels at the time of hCG administration (0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 1.00 ng/mL). The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was calculated for each P4 interval. Statistically significant differences were observed at a serum P4 level of 0.9 ng/mL. These data suggest that a serum P4 concentration of 0.9 ng/mL may represent the optimal threshold level for defining premature luteinization (PL) based on the presence of a significant negative impact on the CPR. Results: The CPR for each round of ET was significantly lower in the PL group defined using this threshold (25.8% vs. 41.8%; p=0.019), and the number of oocytes retrieved was significantly higher than in the non-PL group ($17.3{\pm}7.2$ vs. $11.0{\pm}7.2$; p=0.001). Elevated serum P4 levels on the day of hCG administration were associated with a reduced CPR, despite the retrieval of many oocytes. Conclusion: Measuring serum P4 values at the time of hCG administration is necessary in order to determine the optimal strategy for embryo transfer.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2002

A photo-labile compound which is bioinactive but, upon irradiation with light, yields bioactive species is called as "caged compound". Photolysis of caged compounds generating bioactive species, has become a general method to produce a desired amounts of bioactive species in the specific time interval at the desired place or area of the target biological systems. For this purpose, we designed and synthesized caged hydroxyl radical., "Photo-Fenton Reagent" NP-IIl. NP-IIl has a strong absorption maximum at 377 nm and yields hydroxyl radicals upon UV light irradiation. The antioxidant activity of the ${\alpha}$ -lipoic acid and other naturally occurring compounds has been examined by using NP-IIl as a molecular probe. For example, upon photoirradiation of NP-lII with BSA or apolipoprotein of human low density (LDL), the significant oxidative modifications were observed in both cases. The oxidation was completely suppressed in the presence of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, which clearly demonstrates the strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid. Other applications of NP-lII will also be described

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

We propose a VSSI-CRL(Variable Sampling Size and Samplina Interval-Conforming Run length) synthetic control chart in order to improve the statistical characteristics of both the VSSI chart and the CRL synthetic chart. The VSSI-CRL chart utilizes VSSI sampling scheme, but it produces a signal only when the CRI is less than a given limit. An algorithm for calculating the ARL(Average Run length) and ATS(Average Time to Signal) of the VSSI-CRL chart is developed by employing Markov chain method. We present some lemmas for describing the statistical characteristics of the VSSI-CRL chart under in-control state. A procedure for designing the VSSI-CRL chart is proposed based on the lemmas. Extensive comparative studios show that the VSSI-CRL chart is superior to the CRL synthetic chart or the VSSI chart in general, and is comparable to the EWMA chart in ATS performance.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2001

This paper presents the SIC(Size-Interval-Count) prefetching system that can record the file access patterns of applications within a relatively small space of memory based on the repetitiveness of the file access patterns. The SICPS(SIC Prefetching System) is based on knowledge-based prefetching methods which includes high correctness in predicting future accesses of applications. The proposed system then uses the recorded file access patterns, referred to as "SIC access pattern information", to correctly predict the future accesses of the applications. The proposed prefetching system improved the response time by about 40% compared to the general file system and showed remarkable memory efficiency compared to the previously knowledge-based prefetching methods.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.470-476
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate how sample story problems should be presented to students to promote their transfer of a comprehensive solution principle to a story problem in a different domain. The variables of interest were example-problem condition, principle learning condition, and recall condition. One hundred and ninety six university students were asked to solve analogical story problems. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant differences between the one-solved-and-one -unsolved problem format and the two-solved-problem format. Also, subjects who were asked to derive a general solution principle did not received higher scores than subjects who were provided with one and subjects who were in the control group. However, the time interval between analog learning and transfer had effect on the subjects' solution of the target problem.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gait training based on the way in a speed pattern on the respiratory function of general adults. A total of 37 people were divided into three groups to conduct fast, standard, and interval gait training. For gait training, a treadmill was used. Three groups were trained for 60 minutes, three times per week, for a period of 6 weeks. Inspiration pressure, maximum inspiration volume, and the size of diaphragm movement were measured. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to compare times, groups, and interactions. For inspiratory pressure, maximum inspiration volume, and size changes in diaphragm movement, there were significant differences depending on the time and interaction between times and groups. For size changes in diaphragm's movement, there was a significant difference between interval gait training group and standard gait training group. Therefore, interval gait training had effects on size changes in diaphragm movement.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of on-line departure time-based link travel time estimates. For this, accuracy (i.e. estimation error) and timeliness (i.e. degree of time lag) are proposed as MOE of the quality of on-line link travel time estimates. Then the relationship between quality of link travel time estimates and link length and level of congestion is analyzed. It was found that there is trade-off between the accuracy and timeliness of link travel time estimates. The estimation error was modeled to consist of two components: one is systematic error and the other is mean square error which reflects level of congestion. further, time lag was again segmented into three parts for the analysis purpose. There are minimum one, congestion-related one, and update interval-related one. From the real-world data using AVI system, it was revealed that regardless of the link length and level of congestion, 10 minutes of time lag occurs in general.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

Background: Despite increasing popularity of dental implants, there is limited information on the pain experience associated with the surgical implant placement under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of patient-reported pain and efficacy of patient controlled analgesia after implant surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: Total 39 patients who underwent implant surgery under general aensthesia were enrolled. In PCA group (n=30), patients received patient controlled analgesia (fentanyl 700 mg and ketorolac 150 mg) set to basal rate 1 ml/h, bolus 1 ml, and lockout interval 10 min. In control group (n=9), patients received ketorolac 30 mg intravenously when they feel painful. We evaluated pain intensity using VAS score at the end and after 12 hr of the operation and recorded the number of bolus injection as a surrogate of rescue therapy. We compared the VAS data, the frequency of complication between two groups. Results: The self reported pain was highest at 1 hous after surgery in both groups. However, the intensity was not severe (PCA group = 5.7, control group = 5.6), and decreased gradually thereafter. Total demand bolus number was less than 6 in nearly 65% patients. And there was no significant difference in the frequency of complications such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness between both groups. Conclusions: The Pain following the surgical placement of dental implants was generally mild and gradually decreased with time. There was no difference in complications between control group and PCA group.