• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.45-66
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors affecting profitability on general hospitals(300-499 beds). The data were derived from survey by the Korean Hospital Association on 33 hospitals during 10 years (from 1993 to 2002). Profitability was measured by 3 ratios - net profit to total assets, normal profit to total assets and operating margin to gross revenue - as dependent variables. Independent variables were classified by general factors (ownership, number of bed, period of establishment, region), financial factors (total asset turnover, current ratio, liabilities to total assets, personnel costs per operation profit, material costs per operation profits), productivity index(number of daily patient per nurse), the score of quality assurance activity and the time lag score. Multiple regression model was used in this study. First, Number of bed, region was not statistically significant for profitability. But ownership was affect positively to normal profit to total assets and operating margin to gross revenue. Private hospitals had higher profitability than that of public hospitals Second, the score of quality assurance activity was not statistically significant to profitability. Third, Those hospitals having more daily patient per nurse had significantly higher profitability than the others. Fourth, Those hospitals having higher proportion in total asset turnover had significantly higher profitability than other hospitals. But liabilities to total assets and liquidity ratio had no difference to the profitability. Those hospitals having higher proportion in personnel costs and material costs per operation profits had significantly lower hospital profitability than others.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.118-138
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• 1999

This study presents the variations on drug utilization for outpatients' URI, gastritis. and hypertension by the type of hospital- tertiary hospital. general hospital. hospital. clinic. It investigated drug expenses. daily drug expenses. days of medication. the highest price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used for each disease and type of hospital. This study also performed analysis to see how much the variations of variables related to drug use affect the variations of drug expenses. The dependent variable was drug expenses and the independent variables were days of medication. the average price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used. Analysis of the drug utilization was performed on NFMI(National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study. 379 patients with URI, 386 patients with gastritis. 1.257 patients with hypertension were included. It was founded that there were large variation on drug utilization between the types of hospital for same diseases. Days of medication were longest in tertiary hospitals and shortest in hospitals or clinics. Clinics showed the lowest daily drug expenses in all of the diseases investigated. Daily drug expenses were highest in general hospitals or hospitals. which also tended to use drugs of higher price than other types of hospital. General hospitals and hospitals had larger variations in daily drug expenses and the highest price of drugs. It suggested that drug might be utilized overly in general hospitals and hospitals and some other factors might influence on drug utilization in these hospitals. It was found that the variations of drug expenses were affected by the variations of drug price and days of medication rather than the number of the different drugs. Then the strategy to reduce the variations of drug utilization and to improve the quality of drug utilization should focus on the drug price and days of medication. Further study is needed to assess the quality as well as the variation of drug utilization and to show the factors which affect them.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.313-331
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• 2019

본 연구는 유명무실하게 존재하는 특수학교 학교도서관의 운영 실태를 일반학교 학교도서관과 비교 분석하고 정책적 시사점을 제언하고자 한다. 연구결과, 지역별, 학교 설립별 일반학교와 비교했을 때 특수학교는 장서, 예산, 열람좌석,이용 측면에서 현저하게 미흡한 수준이다. 특수학교의 학생 1인당 장서 수는 57.9권, 대출자료 수는 10.8권인 반면 일반학교는 96.7권 29.6권이다. 예산은 특수학교가 일반학교의 30% 수준이며, 일반학교의 90%이상이 20석 이상의 열람좌석 수를 보유한 반면, 특수학교는 75개교(42.9%)에 불과하다. 소장 장서 대비 이용량에서도 채 1권도 되지 않는 수준이다. 특수학교 학교도서관 운영을 위한 전담직원이 있는 학교는 47개교(26.8%)이며, 사서자격증을 보유하고 있는 학교는 20개교에 불과하다. 따라서 특수학교의 학교도서관 활성화를 위해서는 지역사회 장애인 기관과의 협력, 기본적인 장서와 전담인력, 시설환경 개선이 필요하다.

• 한국어교육
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-36
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• 2017

This study investigated the correlation between learners' psychological and social factors and their syntactic complexity of speaking. The study collected samples of Korean spoken production of 61 learners with English, Chinese, Japanese and other L1 backgrounds and applied mini-TOPIK, mini-AMTB, and SASIQ for 70 minutes. The study found that: (i) integrative motivation showed positive correlation with a number of simple complex clauses, but instrumental motivation correlated negatively with a number of adverbial clauses, indicating that high motivation hindered producing highly complex clauses although it triggered producing simple complex clauses, (ii) social contact with L2 native speakers showed positive correlation with general L2 development and a number of simple complex clauses, but revealed negative correlation with double or triple complex clauses, (iii) hours of L2 listening showed very strong positive correlation with producing triple complex clauses and general proficiency, but indicated negative correlation with a number of simple complex clauses. The study reported that high motivation toward Korean learning and active social activities with Korean native speakers helped produce simple complex clauses while hours of listening to Korean helped produce triple complex clauses.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2014

This study selects factors affecting form type of hospital architecture by considering studies and references on hospital architecture type in korea and other countries in general. Also this study classifies general hospitals chronologically and analyzes type change of general hospitals in relation with periodic change of healthcare environment. Through this, this study aims to analyze chronological change of general hospitals' form type and provide the current of hospital architecture's general type. The form type classification of this study is classification according to the form of ward, classification according to the relationship between ward and D.T.D(Diagnostic and Treatment department), classification according to the relationship between O.P.D(Out Patient department) and D.T.D, classification according to the rate of centralization, classification according to the circulation system. The form type of ward changed from plate type to tower type, and the circulation system of ward changed from middle corridor to double corridor, the number of Team Nursing chaged from 1 to 2 in 1990. On the other hand the chage of others classifications took place from 1990' to 2010'. It is judged that this overall change is appeared by a change from an inpatien-oriented system to an outpatient-oriented system followed by an increase in number of outpatients, an increase in amenities in ground floor and adoption of healing environment for patients and visitors.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2011

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate testicular sperm chromatin condensation using aniline blue-eosin (AB-E) staining and its effects on IVF-ET. Methods: Chromatin condensation was analyzed using AB-E staining in 27 cases of testicular sperm extraction. There were 19 cases of obstructive azoospermia (OA) and 8 cases of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in IVF-ET. Mature sperm heads were stained red-pink whereas immature sperm heads were stained dark blue. The percentage of sperm chromatin condensation was calculated from the ratio of the number of red-pink sperm to the total number of sperm analyzed. Results: The overall percentages of chromatin condensation in OA and NOA were $31.1{\pm}11.2%$ and $26.3{\pm}14.4%$, respectively. The fertilization rate was significant higher in OA than NOA ($p$ <0.05); however, the rates of good embryos and clinical pregnancy did not show statistical differences. In OA and NOA, statistical differences were not observed in the rate of chromatin condensation, fertilization, good embryos, and clinical pregnancy between the pregnant group and non-pregnant group. Conclusion: Chromatin condensation is less stable than OA and showed a low fertilization rate in NOA. While there were no significant differences in chromatin condensation results between NOA and OA, we propose that a pattern of decreased chromatin condensation in NOA is one of the factors of low fertilization results requiring further study.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2021

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. It has a worldwide pooled prevalence of 5.29%. The characteristics of ADHD can increase the probability of dental treatment, while special behavior management can be required to allow proper treatment. In South Korea, the use of sedation in dental treatment has rapidly increased in recent decades. The present study aimed to investigate the trend and effects of sedation in patients with ADHD undergoing dental treatment in South Korea. Methods: The study used customized health information data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Among patients with the record of sedative use during the period from January 2007 to September 2019, those with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for ADHD (F90, F91) were selected; the data of their overall insurance claims for dental treatment were then analyzed. The patients' age, gender, sedative use, and dental treatment were analyzed per year. The annual number of general anesthesia or sedation cases was also analyzed, and changes in the method of behavior management with increasing age were examined. Results: The study involved 7,654 patients with ADHD (6,270 males; 1,384 females). The total number of dental treatments was 137,778, while the number of sedation cases was 16,109, among which 13,052 involved male patients and 3,057 female patients. The number of general anesthesia cases was 631, among which 538 involved male patients and 93 female patients. The most frequently used sedation method in the dental treatment of patients with ADHD was N2O inhalation. The percentage of sedation cases was highest in patients aged 4 years, and it decreased with increasing age. Conclusion: In South Korea, both sedation and dental treatments were slightly more common in patients with ADHD than in the general population. With increasing age, the frequency of dental treatments and the percentage of sedation cases decreased.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2007

목 적: 난소 반응이 저하된 환자에서 GnRH agonist flare up protocol과 GnRH antagonist protocol의 효용성을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2003년 1월부터 2005년 8월까지 체외수정시술을 받은 환자들 가운데 이전의 체외수정시술 주기에서 5개 이하의 난자가 채취되고 기저 FSH 농도가 12 mIU/ml 이상인 총 144명 가운데 73명은 GnRH agonist flare up요법을 사용하였고 71명은 GnRH antagonist 요법을 사용하였다. 양군간에 주기의 취소율, 채취된 난자수, 양질의 수정란의 수, 착상율, 임신율, 출산율을 비교하였다. 결 과: 각 군간에 나이는 평균 37.4세와 38.1세로 antagonist group에서 높았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 그 외에 기저 FSH 농도와 이전 주기의 취소율도 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. GnRH agonist flare up 주기와 GnRH antagonist 주기에서 취소율은 각각 30.1%, 53.5%로 GnRH antagonist protocol에서 유의 있게 높게 나타났다. 채취된 난자수도 각각 4.18개와 2.16개로 차이를 보였으며 난소 과자극 기간은 각각 10.5일과 9.2일로 antagonist protocol에서 약간 낮은 모습을 보였다. 최고 혈중 E$_2$의 농도와 good embryo 개수도 GnRH agonist flare up요법에서 유의 있게 높게 나타났다. 각 군에서의 착상율, 이식 주기당 임신율, 이식 주기당 출생율은 GnRH agonist flare up요법에서 약간 높은 경향을 보이기는 하였으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. 결 론: 두 군간의 비교에서 GnRH agonist flare up 요법이 시작 주기당 임신율, 출산율에서 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다. 하지만 난소기능이 저하된 환자에서 난자의 채취 개수는 GnRH agonist flare up 요법이 GnRH antagonist를 사용한 주기보다 의의있게 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과로 볼 때 저 반응군에 있어서 GnRH antagonist flare up요법이 저 반응군에 있어 향상된 난소 반응을 기대할 가능성이 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2005

In this study, an analytical expression for aerosol mass transfer at spherical collector in the low Knudsen number region was obtained. Happel's zero shear stress cell model was extended in the low Knudsen number region and the result was compared with numerical solution results. The zero vorticity model based on the Kuwabara's cell model was also extended in the low Knudsen number region and compared with Happel's results. The results showed that both analytic and numerical solution agree very well with each other in low Knudsen number region. Happel's zero shear stress model also agrees with Kuwabara's zero vorticity model without significant loss of accuracy. The obtained solution converges to the original solution of Lee et al. (1999) when Knudsen number approaches to zero. Subsequently, this study derived most general type of analytic solution for aerosol mass transfer of spherical collector including the finite Knudsen number region.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2000

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of administration of Agyoju or Mokhyang on the maintenance of pregnancy, delivery and sex ratio in the mice in different gestation periods. Adult female mice were administered orally at three different periods, from ovulation to implantation (Exp.1), from post-implantation to organogenesis (Exp.2), and from fetal growth to parturition (Exp.3). In Experiment 1, number of fetus implanted and mean body weight were not significantly different. However, the delivery of male offspring was significantly increased in Agyoju and Mokhyang administrated groups than control group. In Experiment 2, the number of fetuses implanted, live offsprins and their body weight at delivery were significantly increased in the Agyoju administered group than Mokhyang and control groups. In Experiment 3, the number of live offspring and sex ratio were not different in both treatments and control group. However, mean body weight at delivery was significantly increased in both treatment groups than that of control group. These results suggest that 1) Agyoju and Mokhyang have beneficial effects in maintenance of pregnacy, and that 2) The action of unknown component(s) in Agyoju may be related to selection of male spermatozoa for fertilization in vivo, and that 3) the administration of Agyju of Mojhyang during mid-and late-pregnance periods were shown the increment of body weight of live offspring without decrease of litter size.