• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.718-732
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients or food factors related to cognitive function of elderly having Alzheimer's disease. In this study 38 subjects who were over 65 years old have participated in dementia clinic at A medical center. After they were diagnosed to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through blood analysis, neuropsychological test, brain image and interview by medical specialist, we examined for their general information, anthropometry, blood pressure and dietary intakes. Dietary intakes were investigated using the 24-hour recall record. Energy intake was adequate and the energy composition of carbohydrate, protein and fat was 60.8 : 16.2 : 23.0, but dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin A and folate were less than 75% of the recommended intake levels for Koreans. The multiple regression analysis adjusted with age, sex and educational level showed that cognitive function was positively related to intakes of zinc, fishes and shellfishes, beans & nuts, sugars and fats, and negatively related to intakes of plant calcium and eggs. These results indicate that intakes of specific nutrients or food groups are associated with the specific domains of cognitive function in elderly with AD.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.474-486
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new method for detection moving object contour using spatial and temporal edge. In general, contour pixels of the moving object are likely present around pixels with high gradient value along the time axis and the spatial axis. Therefore, we can detect the contour of the moving objects by finding pixels which have high gradient value in the time axis and spatial axis. In this paper, we introduce a new computation method, termed as temporal edge, to compute an gradient value along the time axis for any pixel on an image. The temporal edge can be computed using two input gray images at time t and t-2 using the Sobel operator. Temporal edge is utilized to detect a candidate region of the moving object contour and then the detected candidate region is used to extract spatial edge information. The final contour of the moving object is detected using the combination of these two edge information, which are temporal edge and spatial edge, and then the post processing such as a morphological operation and a background edge removing procedure are applied to remove noise regions. The complexity of the proposed method is very low because it dose not use any background scene and high complex operation, therefore it can be applied to real-time applications. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional contour extraction methods in term of processing effort and a ghost effect which is occurred in the case of entropy method.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.179-198
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• 2011

The understanding of mathematical concepts should be backed up on a constant basis in oder to grow problem-solving skills which is one of the ultimate goals of math education. The purpose of the study was to provide readers with the information which could be considered valuably for the math educators trying both to prevent mathematical misconceptions and to develop curricular program by estimating the actual conditions and developing backgrounds of the mathematical misconceptions held by the gifted education learners. Accordingly, this study, as the first step, theoretically examined the meaning and the developing background of mathematical misconception. As the second step, this study examined the actual conditions of mathematical misconceptions held by the participant students who were enrolled in the CTY(Center for Talented Youth) program run by a university. The results showed that the percentage of the correct statements made by participant students is only 35%. The results also showed that most of the participant students belonged either to the level 2 requiring students to distinguish examples from non-examples of the mathematical concepts or the level 3 requiring students to recognize and describe the common nature of the mathematical concepts with their own expressions based on the four-level of concept formulation. The causes could be traced to the presentation of limited example, wrong preconcept, the imbalance of conceptual definition and conceptual image. Based on the estimation, this study summarized a general plan preventing the mathematical misconceptions in a math classroom.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.7C
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• pp.726-732
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• 2003

The paper proposes a motion estimation (ME) technique to reduce computational complexity. It is achieved by skipping ME process for macro-blocks decided to be in no need of the operation. Thus, it is called ME skipping technique(MEST). In general, the ME is composed of integer pixel precision ME (IME) followed by half pixel precision ME (HME). The MEST is performed just before an IME process and makes a decision on skipping the IME process according to a criterion based on ME errors of adjacent macro-blocks (MBs) already encoded. When the IME process for a MB is decided to be skipped, which is called ME skip mode, the IME process is skipped and the integer pixel precision motion vector of the MB is just replaced by a predicted vector and used as the input of HME. On the other hands, the IME processes for MBs in ME non-skip mode are not skipped but normally performed. Accordingly, the MEST is very effective to reduce computational complexity when MBs in ME skip mode is abundant. In addition, when the MEST is applied to video encoder, it contributes to more accurate rate control and more robusaess for channel errors. It is experimentally shown that the MEST has the above advantages while maintaining good reconstructed image quality.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

This paper aims to establish a Fengshui-based marketing model that companies engaged in selling dwelling spaces can utilize to increase their sales. The study is based on an investigation of appraisal statements and analysis techniques used in Fengshui. The Fengshui marketing model can be used for corporate advertising, sales promotions, public relations events, and for framing an overall marketing strategy according to changing consumer demand. As a sales promotion strategy, it can be used to influence consumer psychology and behavior. Although this study is limited to the all-pervasive advertising and marketing of houses by construction companies under installment plans, the Fengshui marketing method can also be used for the sale of store locations, space for product display, and so on. Initially, I analyze living spaces according to traditional Fengshui theory, and subsequently apply the modern method to study topographical space structures and geomagnetism disturbances. I present a standard form for writing the Fengshui appraisal statement based on the objective analytical method of Fengshui. With its shortcomings remedied, the appraisal statement can lead to high-quality advertising and increased valuations because it is based on objective data analysis and systematic evaluation of houses. In brief, I have designed the Fengshui marketing model as a sales promotion technique for the housing industry. I believe this study will contribute to the application of Fengshui in the housing industry's sales promotion efforts through high-quality advertising. Future research should evaluate Fengshui marketing in the housing industry based on case studies. Research questions to be addressed could include how Fengshui marketing has affected installment sales of houses and how Fengshui architectural practices affect general well-being. These studies would help propagate Fengshui marketing by validating its effectiveness. In addition, case studies should be undertaken to consider the practical applications of Fengshui marketing, how it can contribute to maximizing a company's image and profits, and how it can promote customer satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2017

New infectious diseases such as MERS have been in need of many measures such as initial discovery, isolation, and crisis response. In addition, the culture of hospitals is changing, such as the general public 's visiting and Nursing Care Integration Services. However, as the qualifications and regulations of medical personnel in hospitals become rigid, overseas such as linens, wastes movements are replacing possible works with robots. we have developed a hospital logistics robot that can carry out various goods delivery within a hospital, and can move various kinds of objects safely to a desired location. In this thesis, we have studied a hospital logistics robot that can carry out various kinds of goods delivery within the hospital, and can move various kinds of objects such as waste, and linen safely to a desired location. The movement of a robot in a hospital may cause a collision between a person and an object, so that the collision must be prevented. In order to prevent collision, it is necessary to recognize whether or not an object exists in the movement path of the robot. And if there is an object, it should recognize whether it moves or not. In order to recognize human beings and objects, we recognize the person with face/body recognition technology and generate the context awareness of the object using 3D Vision image segmentation technology. We use the generated information to create a map that considers objects and person in the robot moving range. Thus, the robot can be operated safely and efficiently.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an underwater acoustic sensor fault detection method for passive sonar systems. In general, a passive sonar system displays processed results of array signals obtained from tens of the acoustic sensors as a two-dimensional image such as displays for broadband or narrowband analysis. Since detection result display in the operation software is to display the accumulated result through the array signal processing, it is difficult to determine the possibility where signal may be contaminated by the fault or failure of a single channel sensor. In this paper, accordingly, we propose a detection method based on the analysis of RMSCR (Root Mean Square Crossing-Rate), and the processing techniques for the faulty sensors are analyzed. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the precision of detecting fault sensors is measured by using signals acquired from real array being operated in several coastal areas. Besides, we compare performance of fault processing techniques. From the experiments, it is shown that the proposed method works well in underwater environments with high average RMS, and mute (set to zero) shows the best performance with regard to fault processing techniques.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dental hygienist images and career advice among high school teachers. A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 212 high school teachers in Gwangju, South Korea. The questionnaire contained subject's general characteristics, images of dental hygienists, and career advice. We performed an independent t-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis using the IBM SPSS ver. 21.0 software. Using a five-point scale, the average of all the dental hygienist images was 3.50, with personal images receiving the most positive rating at 3.83 and social images receiving the least positive rating at 2.86. The images of dental hygienists were significantly more positive in instances where the subjects recognized the dental hygienist or received treatment within one year. There were positive correlations among different kinds of images. Through multiple regression analysis, occupational images were associated with business and social images. Business images were associated with occupational and personal images. Personal images were associated with business images, especially in cases where the subjects recognized the dental hygienist. Social images were associated with occupational images, especially in cases where subjects received treatment within one year. Through logistic regression analysis, career advice was associated with social and occupational images. Therefore, our study provides suggestions on how to enhance positive recognition of social images of dental hygienists.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.271-283
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• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Smartphone enables diverse applications to be used in mobile environments. In spite of the high performance of smartphones, battery life has become one of the major constraints in mobility. Therefore, power efficiency of the smartphone is one of the most important factors in determining the efficiency of the smartphone. In this paper, in order to analyze the power efficiency of the smartphone, we have various experiments according to several configuration parameters such as processor, display and OS. We also use diverse applications. As a result, power consumption is dependent on the processor complexity and display size. However, power consumption shows the unpredictable pattern according to the OS. Smartphone using android OS consumes high power when internet and image processing applications are executed, but It consumes low power when music and camera applications are executed. In contrary, smartphone based on iOS consumes high power when game and internet applications are executed but it consumes low power when camera and processing applications are executed. In general, smartphone using iOS is more power efficient than smartphone based on android OS, because smartphone using iOS is optimized in the perspective of the hardware and OS.