• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.148-161
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the effects of nutrition education and exercise therapies on the hematological status and diabetes knowledge of diabetic patients. For this purpose, a 12-week intensive management program was provided to diabetic patients participating in an exercise program in S health subcenter in Kwangju city and the effects were analyzed. Methods: The subjects were 26 diabetic patients, who provided written informed consent. As a preliminary survey, this study examined the general characteristics, physical status, obesity, blood pressure, hematological status, daily activity level, diabetes knowledge, diet performance, and barriers to diet therapy. After the 12-week intensive management program was completed, a post-test was conducted in the same way as the preliminary test. The data were analyzed with using SPSS 18.0. The data from this study are presented as the mean${\pm}$standard deviation. A paired t-test was conducted to compare differences in the means before and after the program. Statistical significance was set to p<0.05. Results: The results of the program are presented as follows. The HDL-cholesterol levels changed from $39.8{\pm}10.5mg/dL$ to $48.3{\pm}13.1mg/dL$, showing a significant increase (p<0.001). The blood sugar 2 hours after a meal changed from $175.2{\pm}67.1mg/dL$ to $140.5{\pm}42.5mg/dL$, showing a significant decrease (p=0.014). The glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased significantly from $6.7{\pm}1.1%$ to $6.3{\pm}1.0%$ (p=0.010). The total scores of the daily activity levels increased significantly from $3.8{\pm}2.4$ to $4.8{\pm}2.5$ (p=0.040). The scores of knowledge on diabetes increased from $11.5{\pm}3.6$ to $14.0{\pm}3.8$ (p=0.001). The scores of knowledge on diet therapy changed from $6.7{\pm}2.2$ to $7.9{\pm}1.7$, showing a significant increase (p=0.027). Conclusions: The 12-week intensive management program intervened by nutrition education and exercise therapies induced positive changes to the HDL-cholesterol, blood sugar 2 hours after a meal, glycosylated hemoglobin, daily activity levels, and knowledge on diabetes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.895-902
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• 2014

Adiponectin has been known to improve insulin sensitivity and elicit glucose uptake via increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. In the current study, mRNA expression levels of adiponectin and GLUT4 were measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue from C57BL/6 mice fed normal (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) until 16, 26, 36, 47, or 77 weeks of age starting from 6 weeks of age. Expression levels were also measured in mice with calorie restriction (CR) and in thiazolidinedione (TZD) treated mice. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we demonstrated that GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue significantly decreased in HFD mice groups and increased in CR (p<0.05) and TZD (p=0.007) groups while there was no difference in adiponectin mRNA expression levels between experimental and control groups. General linear regression models were used to assess the association of gene expression levels between adiponectin and GLUT4 and to determine whether adiponectin affects GLUT4 transcription. mRNA expression levels of adiponectin and GLUT4 are significantly associated each other in mice fed a ND (p<0.0001) or HFD (p<0.0001), in groups separated into each age and diet, and CR group (p=0.002), but not in TZD group (p=0.73). These results demonstrated that gene expression of adiponectin and GLUT4 is strongly associated, suggesting that there is a common regulatory mechanism for adiponectin and GLUT4 gene expression and/or adiponectin has a direct role in GLUT4 gene expression in adipose tissue.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2003

The diet food used in this test was composed of the total 16 kinds, such as refined water, herb extract, pomegranate extract, polydextrose and isomalto-oligosaccharide etc. Edible fiber as a major component in dietary food was contained to 2.60%(w/w) level. But the calorie was 104.57kca1/100g, contrast of control domestic saengshick product was 368.06kca1. As a result, calorie of dietary food sample was very low level. Vitamin and mineral as a minor component were determined 5, 6 kinds, respectively. On the other hand, dietary effect of body weight loss was determined about 14%(w/w) at animal test result used for rats during 4 weeks. The reason of dietary effect could confirmed from change of plasma neutral lipids, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration. Increasing ratio of these in the general diet and dietary diet feeding groups during 4 weeks were 10.55, 6.90, 9.82% and 6.11, 3.85, 6.11%, respectively. from these results, decrease reason of body weight could confirmed the relative relationship with plasma lipids and cholesterol concentration. But plasma plasma glucose and insulin concentration have not positive relativity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.531-542
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to verify whether or not chronic consumption of liquor prepared with Gastrodiae rhizoma exhibits antioxidant activity in brain tissue of rats. In the experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a liquid diet containing 6% (GA6), 18% (GA18), and 36% (GA36) of total calories as liquor for 6 weeks. The control rats (GAC6, GAC18, GAC36) received an isocaloric diet containing Soju instead of liquor. Caloric intakes and body weight gains of the 36% groups were significantly lower than those of the 6% and 18% groups (p<0.05), whereas alcohol intakes were significantly high in the 36% group (p<0.05). MDA contents of plasma and brain showed a positive correlation with alcohol intakes of the liquor and Soju consuming groups. Especially, contents of MDA were significantly higher in the 18% and 36% groups than the 6% group (p<0.05). SOD activities of serum and brain were significantly highest in the 18% group, and they tended to be higher in the liquor consuming groups compared with the control group. Catalase activity of serum showed no significant changes in the three groups consuming liquor, and catalase activity of brain tissue significantly increased in the GA18 group compared with the control group (p<0.05). In the liquor consuming groups, TAC level of serum tended to be higher in the GA36 group compared with the control group (p<0.05). However, TAC level of brain tissue showed no significant changes between the liquor consuming and control groups. These results show that as alcohol intake increased by chronic administration of liquor and Soju, brain tissue of rats was damaged more due to oxidative stress. However, a liquid diet containing 18% of total calories as liquor instead of Soju is expected to have a protective effect on brain damage induced by oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2008

Hypophayngeal cancers are usually diagnosed in advanced stages and in many cases, they need total pharyngocervical esophagectomy and surgical reconstruction. Among many surgical reconstructive methods, jejunal free flap has anatomical and functional advantages such as tubed nature, peristaltic activity, excellent blood supply. In this study we analysed the surgical procedure and complications of jejunal free flap after total pharyngo-cervical esophagectomy. 20 cases performed jejunal free flap from 1995 to 2007 at Severance Hospital were reviewed. According to time of onset, early and late complications were reviewed. Surgical procedure was reviewed with operation record. Oral diet tolerance was reviewed on the basis of pharyngogram and subjective symptoms. The most common complication was stricture, and it occurred in 40% of cases and 63% of them were managed with conservative care. As early complication, fistula formation was all managed with conservative care. Oral feeding tolerance after jejunal free flap was 65% and 7 patients were tolerable to general diet. In our study, stricture was the most common complication and its management is important in post op oral diet tolerance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.633-646
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cladophora glomerata extract (CGE), rich in polyphenols, was reported to exhibit antidiabetic and renoprotective effects by modulating the functions of protein kinases-mediated organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) and 3 (Oat3) in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, the antioxidant effects of CGE on such renoprotection have not been investigated. This study examined the mechanisms involved in the antioxidant effects of CGE on renal organic anion transport function in an in vivo study. MATERIALS/METHODS: Diabetes was induced in the rats through a high-fat diet combined with a single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) streptozotocin. Subsequently, normal-diet rats were supplemented with a vehicle or 1,000 mg/kg BW of CGE, while T2DM rats were supplemented with a vehicle, CGE, or 200 mg/kg BW of vitamin C for 12 weeks. The study evaluated the general characteristics of T2DM and renal oxidative stress markers. The renal organic transport function was assessed by measuring the para-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake using renal cortical slices and renal inflammatory cytokine expression in the normal diet (ND) and ND + CGE treated groups. RESULTS: CGE supplementation significantly reduced hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and renal lipid peroxidation in T2DM rats. This was accompanied by the normalization of high expressions of renal glutathione peroxidase and nuclear factor kappa B by CGE and vitamin C. The renal anti-inflammation of CGE was evidenced by the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-1α and interleukin-1β. CGE directly blunted sodium nitroprusside-induced renal oxidative/nitrosative stresses and mediated the PAH uptake in the normally treated CGE in rats was particularly noteworthy. These data also correlated with reduced nitric oxide production, highlighting the potential of CGE as a therapeutic agent for managing T2DM-related renal complications. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that CGE has antidiabetic effects and directly prevents diabetic nephropathy through oxidative/nitrosative stress pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.847-885
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based internet program for nutritional assessment and diet Prescription by renal diseases. Renal diseases were classified by nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The system consisted of five parts according to their functions and contents. The first part is to assess the general health status such as body weight, obesity index, basal metabolic rate and total energy requirement by the input of age, sex, height, weight and degree of activity. The second part was designed to investigate dietary history of patient, that is, to find out his inappropriate dietary habit and give him some suggestions for appropriate dietary behavior by investigating his dietary history. This part also offers the diet and nutrition management by personal status with renal disease, and the information for food selection, snacks, convenience foods, dine-out, behavioral modification, cooking methods, food exchange lists and terms. The third part is evaluating their energy and nutrients intake by comparing with recommended dietary allowance for Koreans or standardized data for patient with renal disease. In this part, it is also analyzing energy and nutrients of food consumed by food group and meals, and evaluating the status of nutrient intake. The fort]1 one, a major part of the system, is implementing the diet and menu planning by using food exchange lists. This Part Provides the patient with menus lists and I day menu suitable to his weight, activity and the status of renal disease. The fifth part is providing information on energy and nutrients of foods and drinks, and top 20 foods classified by nutrients. These results are finally displayed as tabular forms and graphical forms on the computer screen.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to identify health behaviors and health problems. and the relations between health behaviors and health problems of female workers in the retail business. The number of subjects were 200 female workers of 6 department stores in Seoul and Kyonggi area, whose jobs last more than 6 months as retail employees. The data was collected during 2 months from July 1 to August 30, 1998. The Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire(CMI) was used to measure their health problems, while health behaViorn were investigated in terms of 'smoking', 'alcohol', exercise', 'diet', and 'sleeping'. The data were analyzed with frequency. percentage, t-test, ANOVA test, and $X^2-test$ by SPSS PC+ program. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Out of health problems. Digestive symptoms occupied the highest percent number. nervous ones the second and cardiovascular ones the third among physical health problems of retail female workers. The most frequent mental health problem was 'adequacy' and the next, 'tension' and 'anger', 2, Health problems according to general characteristics of subjects were shown that the younger or the unmarried complained more than the older or the married, especially in the items of 'eye and ear', 'respiratory system', 'cardiovascular system', 'digestive tract', 'nervous system', 'adequacy', and 'depression'. The longer working duration they have had, the more they complained of 'respiratory system' and 'adequacy'. The lower academic careers complained of 'nervous' than the higher ones with statistical significance. 3. The analysis of daily health clinic notes showed that respiratory complaints were the highest percent, successively followed by digestive tract, nervous one, external injury, musculoskeletal system, urinary-reproductive system and others. 4. The level of their health practice was generally low in smoking, diet habit and alcohol intake, exercise, sleeping, very low especially in smoking, diet, alcohol intake, and exercise among them all. 5. Present smokers and ones with past experience complained of physical and mental health problems of 'respiratory system', 'digestive tract', 'skin', 'nervous', 'urinary-reproductive system', 'fatigability', adequacy', 'depression', 'anxiety', 'anger' and 'tension', than non smokers, with statistical difference. Workers without having breakfast and with irregular diet had more complaints on 'digestive tract', 'adequacy' and 'tension', than those who had regular dietary habit. The less the subjects slept, the more they complained of eye and ear, cardiovascular system. The subjects who drank alcohol complained more digestive problem. However, whether they exercise or not did not affect physical and mental health problems in a significant manner. 6. The subjects' age and marital status were statistically significant relating to health behaviors, as the younger or unmarried recorded a low level of health practice in smoking, drinking, dietary habit. Based on the results, the suggestions are made as follows: 1. Health education program on smoking, alcohol intake, diet habit is needed to improve health problems and health behavior of female retail workers. 2. The unmarried workers of late teen and twenties, who are transitional period from teenagers to adulthood are important targets for health promotion program especially for maternal health. 3. Better working environment with sufficient time and facilities for workers to relax is required to promote female sales workers' health. 4. Further research is required to identify the relation between workers' visual fatigue and intense lights for the display of goods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.875-880
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• 2009

Purpose : Iron-deficiency anemia remains the most common nutritional deficiency in young infants. This study aimed to survey the actual condition of feeding patterns and weaning diet and to study the association between these factors and the prevalence of anemia in infants aged over 9 months. Methods : We studied 171 infants aged 9-24 months who were hospitalized in the general ward with mild to moderate acute illnesses. The mothers answered a questionnaire about the feeding patterns and the status of the weaning diet of their infants. The infants were divided into three groups: infants who were exclusively breast-fed, those who had been given mixed feeding, and artificial milk feeders. Results : The incidence of anemia was significantly higher in exclusively breast-fed infants (23/68, 33.8%) than in the infants with mixed feeding (11/62, 17.7%) and artificial milk feeders (5/41, 12.1%). The mothers' awareness about the state of their infants󰡑 weaning diet was not related to the presence of anemia in the exclusively breast-fed infants. About 70% of the infants had started the weaning diet before age 6 months in all three groups, without any difference according to feeding patterns. Conclusion : The incidence of anemia was significantly higher in the breast-fed group than in the other infants. Many mothers of breast-fed infants with anemia also believed that their infants were taking sufficient weaning foods. Therefore, further education of the mothers about iron-rich weaning foods and the importance of iron intake during infancy is needed to prevent anemia, especially in breast-fed infants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5299-5302
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the diet of patients with cervical cancer and precancerosis in the Wufeng area, a high-incidence region in China. Methods: In the case group, 104 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINII/III) were recruited from the Wufeng area. Nine hundred thirty-six healthy women were selected from the same area as the matched controls. A questionnaire, which included questions about general lifestyle conditions, smoking and alcohol status, source of drinking water, green tea intake, and diet in the past year, was presented to all participants. Results: Green tea intake (P=0.022, OR=0.551, 95% CI=0.330-0.919) and vegetable intake (P=0.035, OR=0.896, 95% CI=0.809-0.993) were identified as protective factors against cervical cancer or CINII/III. There was no indication of any associations of other lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol status, source of drinking water) or diet (intake of fruit, meat/egg/milk, soybean food, onion/garlic, staple food and pickled food) with cervical cancer. Conclusions: The results suggest that eating more fresh vegetables and drinking more green tea may help to reduce the risk of cervical cancer or CINII/III in people of the Wufeng area.