• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 1980

We present one case of 26-year-old male having saddle block combined with mitral valvular disease [NYHA Class IV] with auricular fibrillation. The most common cause of emboli is atrial fibrillation. The clinical manifestations of saddle emboli are relatively slow due to development of collateral circulation and large size of lumen of the aorta. The 5month duration of saddle emboli in this case led to severe atrophic changes, coldness, peripheral cyanosis on the both lower extremities, and flexion deformity on the knee and ankle joint of the left lower extremity. We planned staged operation for the saddle block and for mitral stenoinsufficiency and tricuspid insufficiency, because of poor general condition of the patient. The thromboembolectomy of aortic bifurcation was performed through the transabdominal approach without trial of Fogarthy catheter embolectomy, because of expectation of the secondary inflammatory changes of the vessel wall and thrombi which was 3 cm X 1 cm X 0.5 cm in size with irregular surfaced solid in consistency. 1 month later, after thromboembolectomy, mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty were performed, with successful early operative result. During operation organized thrombi [1 cm X 0.5 cm] in the left auricle was removed. We wonder if simple management using Fogarthy catheter might be possible to remove the thromboemboli instead of thromboembolectomy by aortotomy in this case.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.161-181
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• 1990

A numerical model is established in order to simulate the storm surges which were observed in the seas around Korea during typhoon and winter storm periods. The typhoons are Brenda (1985), Vera (1986) and Thelma (1987). the winter storm period is January 1-6, 1986. The simulated surges for the typhoon periods show good agreements with the recorded ones for the periods at the Korean coasts, but those for the winter storm show fair agreements in general tendencies, not in details. The model simulation in open sea shows a positive sea level near the typhoon center and a native sea level behind the typhoon. the positive surge seems to be due to the low pressure near a typhoon center and the negative on due to the wind stresses of the typhoon. The negative sea level is usually in the form of an elongated gyre. In the gyre, there is a cyclonic circulation of sea water, in which the pressure gradient force induced by the circular depression of the sea surface is balanced by the Coriolis force in readjusting stage.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.34-40
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• 2015

Studies using stable water vapor isotopes have been recently conducted over the past two decades because of difficulties in analysis and sample collection in the past. Stable water vapor isotope data provide information of the moisture transport from ocean to continent, which are also used to validate an isotope enabled general circulation model for paleoclimate reconstructions. The isotopic compositions of groundwater and water vapor also provide a clue to how moisture moves from soil to atmosphere by evapotranspiration. International Atomic Energy Agency designates the stations over the world to observe the water vapor isotopes. To analyze the water vapor isotopes, a cryogenic sampling method has been used over the past two decades. Recently, two types of laser-based spectroscopy have been developed and remotely sensed data from satellites have the global coverage. In this review, measurements of isotopic compositions of water vapor will be introduced and some studies using the water vapor isotopes will also be introduced. Finally, we will suggest the future study in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.527-537
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• 2020

Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant, has been used as a blood-nourishing tonic for thousands of years in Asia, including Korea and China. P. ginseng exhibits adaptogen activity that maintains homeostasis by restoring general biological functions and non-specifically enhancing the body's resistance to external stress. Several P. ginseng effects have been reported. Korean Red Ginseng, in particular, has been reported in both basic and clinical studies to possess diverse effects such as enhanced immunity, fatigue relief, memory, blood circulation, and anti-oxidation. Moreover, it also protects against menopausal symptoms, cancer, cardiac diseases, and neurological disorders. The active components found in most Korean Red Ginseng varieties are known to include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloids, polyacetylene, and phenolic compounds. In this review, the identity and bioactivity of the non-saponin components of Korean Red Ginseng discovered to date are evaluated and the components are classified into polysaccharide and nitrogen compounds (protein, peptide, amino acid, nucleic acid, and alkaloid), as well as fat-soluble components such as polyacetylene, phenols, essential oils, and phytosterols. The distinct bioactivity of Korean Red Ginseng was found to originate from both saponin and non-saponin components rather than from only one or two specific components. Therefore, it is important to consider saponin and non-saponin elements together.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-130
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• 2010

An uncertainty assessment for precipitation datasets simulated by Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Model (AOGCM) is conducted to provide reliable climate scenario over East Asia. Most of results overestimate precipitation compared to the observational data (wet bias) in spring-fall-winter, while they underestimate precipitation (dry bias) in summer in East Asia. Higher spatial resolution model shows better performances in simulation of precipitation. To assess the uncertainty of spatiotemporal precipitation in East Asia, the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis is applied. An annual cycle of precipitation obtained from the CSEOF analysis accounts for the biggest variability in its total variability. A comparison between annual cycles of observed and modeled precipitation anomalies shows distinct differences: 1) positive precipitation anomalies of the multi-model ensemble (MME) for 20 models (thereafter MME20) in summer locate toward the north compared to the observational data so that it cannot explain summer monsoon rainfalls across Korea and Japan. 2) The onset of summer monsoon in MME20 in Korean peninsula starts earlier than observed one. These differences show the uncertainty of modeled precipitation. Also the comparison provides the criteria of annual cycle and correlation between modeled and observational data which helps to select best models and generate a new MME, which is better than the MME20. The spatiotemporal deviation of precipitation is significantly associated with lower-level circulations. In particular, lower-level moisture transports from the warm pool of the western Pacific and corresponding moisture convergence significantly are strongly associated with summer rainfalls. These lower-level circulations physically consistent with precipitation give insight into description of the reason in the monsoon of East Asia why behaviors of individually modeled precipitation differ from that of observation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2012

Objectives : Polyarteritis nodosa is a progressive disease of connective tissue that is characterized by nodules along arteries; nodules may block the artery and result in inadequate circulation to the particular area. This report is intended to estimate the efficacy using oriental complex treatment on a patient with Polyarteritis nodosa. Materials and Methods : From 19th March, 2012 to 12th May, 2012, One male inpatient diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa was treated with general oriental medicine therapy : needle-embedding therapy ; acupuncture ; pharmacopuncture ; acupotomy therapy and herbal medication. VAS(visual analogue scale) was used for evaluation of both leg pain. Other subjective symptoms including night sweat, tinnitus, upper heat were evaluated by percentage comparing the symtoms before and after treatment. Results : The patient showed a certain degree of improvement in both leg pain and other subjective symtoms. Conclusions : Oriental treatments such as needle-Embedding therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, pharmacopuncture therapy, acupotomy therapy and herbal medication can be effective for controlling pain and other accompanied symtoms due to polyarteritis nodosa.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.33-33
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• 1999

The Coanda effect is the tendency for a fluid jet to atach itself to an adjacent surface and follow its contour without causing an appreciable flow separation. The jet is pulled onto the surface by the low pressure region which develops as entrainment pumps fluid from the region between the jet and the surface. Then the jet is held to the wall surface by the resulting radial pressure gradient which balance the inertial resistance of the jet to turning. The jet may attach to the surface and may be deflected through more than 180 dog, when the radius of the Coanda surface is sufficiently large compared to the height of the exhaust nozzle. However, if the radius of curvature is small, the jet turns through a smaller angle, or may not attach to the surface at all. In general, the limitations in size and weight of a device will limit the radius of the deflection surface. Thus much effort has been paid to improve the jet deflection in a variety of engineering fields. The Coanda effect has long been applied to improve aerodynamic characteristics, such as the drag/lift ratio of flight body, the engine exhaust plume thrust vectoring, and the aerofoil/wing circulation control. During the energy crisis of the seventies, the Coanda jet was applied to reduce vehicle drag and led to drag reductions of as much as about 30% for a trailer configuration. Recently a variety of industrial applications are exploiting another characteristics of the Coanda jets, mainly the enhanced turbulence levels and entrainment compared with conventional jet flows. Various industrial burners and combustors are based upon this principle. If the curvature of the Coanda surface is too great or the operating pressure too high, the jet flow will break away completely from the surface. This could have catastrophic consequences for a burner or combustor. Detailed understanding of the Coanda jet flow is essential to refine the design to maximize the enhanced entrainment in these applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1913-1919
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• 2014

Baechu (Brassica campestris var. pekinensis) was salted in 29.6% brine at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours on mobile automatic salting equipment (MASE) with brine circulation four times, and the quality of MASE salted kimchi was compared with that of general factory salted kimchi (control, 12% brine, $10^{\circ}C$, 16 hr) for 5 weeks. Salinity, acidity and number of lactic acid bacteria of MASE kimchi were higher than those of control at 2.5%, 1.17%, and 8.38 log CFU/g, compared to 1.5%, 1.00%, and 2.68 log CFU/g, respectively, whereas reducing sugar content and texture were not significantly different. Overall quality of sensory evaluation was higher than 4.0 in MASE kimchi compared to lower than 4.0 in the control, and taste was significantly higher (P<0.01). The quality of kimchi salted at high salt concentration and high temperature for a short time was higher than those salted at low salt concentration and low temperature for a long time. Higher productivity in the Baechu salting process can be achieved by shortening salting time with MASE.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2002

We arrived at the following conclusions after we have studied esophagitis through the literatures of oriental and western medicine. 1. The western medical causes of acute esophagitis are corrosiveness chemical material, esophageal or gastric disease, trauma, blister stomatitis, filamentous fungus infection and uremia of chronic patient etc, and the oriental medical causes are qi and blood stagnation, blood stasis and stagnation, stagnant phlegm by coldness, heating, dyspepsia and food poisoning etc. 2. The western medical causes of chronic esophagitis are malfunction of lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal tom chink and hernia, increase of gastric pressure by overeating, fatness, pregnancy and ascites etc, and the oriental medical causes are asthenic cardiac qi, hepatic qi attacking stomach by seven kinds of depression, cold-damp stagnation and insufficiency of gastric qi by overeating, excessive drinking and sexual indulgence etc. 3. The main symptoms of acute esophagitis are severe chest pain, instantly vomiting, swallowing pain etc, and chronic esophagitis are occasionally light chest pain, heart bum, anorexia, dysphagia, dizziness, general body weakness etc. These symptoms are come under thoracic obstruction, acid regurgitation, vomiting and chest pain of oriental medicine. 4. The western medical diagnoses of acute and chronic esophagitis have used radiation test, esophageal endoscopy, esophageal pressure test and biopsy etc, and the oriental medical diagnoses have used syndrome differentiation by four examination of inspection, listening and smelling examination, inquiring, pulse-taking and palpitation. 5. The western medical treatments of acute esophagitis have regarded preservation stability of esophagus as a principle, and the oriental medical treatments mainly have used expelling pathogen of expelling cold and regulating qi, cooling and removing stasis, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, eliminating phlegm and regulating qi. 6. The western medical treatments of chronic esophagitis have regarded decrease flowing backward of gastric juice as a purpose, and the oriental medical treatments mainly have used strengthening body resistance of replenishing and strengthening cardioqi, dispersing stagnated hepatoqi, expelling cold and dehygrosis, invigorating stomach and nourishing qi.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1969

Korea has a lots of margin for security of farm land from her coastal region. The area of saline soil may be reached about 10% of present farm land if the reclamation works are finished. This paper was conducted as a part of studying the possibilities of desalination of saline soil through the experiment of some halophytes. The halophytes in this works were Salicornia herbacea L., Suaeda glauca Bunge, chenopodium acuminatum Willd, and Scirpus triquerter L. Of the above halophytes, Salicornia was proved the most effective plant for desalination of saline soil referring to the following results; 1) The seasonal uptake of chloride by Salicornia was the highest of all. However, the general tendencies of all plants showed a decrease on August. 2) Salinity of soil showed the lowest value on the site where Salicornia was grwon densely. Comparing the other sites grouped by age of saline soil with the above site, the salinity of rice-paddy (10 years after reclamation) is similar to those of the site wehre Salicornia were as well as the 50 cm below the surface soil. 3) The maximum water holding capacity of surface soil appeared in the site of Salicornia, but in 50 cm below the surface, the maximum water holding capacity are almost on equat terms having no connection with the age of saline soil. Soil pH, other chemical compositions such as organic matter, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and nitrate were determined to elucidate the relationship between the changes of soil properties and chemical uptakes by certain halophytes. It is assumed that the above chemical compositions are frequently affected by the factors such as coastal circulation of salts, exchangeable base, microbial growth, climatic conditions, and irrigation of water.