• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.470-476
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• 2005

The purpose of this Study was to invest)gate the function or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in regulatory mechanism of pulpal microcirculation with the aim of elucidating neurogenic inflammation. Experiments were performed on twelve cats under general anesthesia. CGRP was administered through the femoral vein to see the systemic Influence and through the external carotid artery to see the local effect. Sympathetic nerve to the dental pulp was stimulated electrically and pulpal blood flow (PBF) was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter on the canine teeth to the drug administration. The paired variables of control and experimental data were compared by paired t-test and differences with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Systemic administration of CGRP $(0.3{\mu}g/ka)$ exerted decreases in systemic blood pressure and caused changes in PBF with an initial increase i311owed by decrease and a move marked second increase and decrease. Close intra-arterial (i.a.) injection of CCRP $(0.03{\mu}g/kg)$ resulted in slight PBF increase. The effect of CGRP resulted in no significant increase in PBF in the presence of $CGRP_{8-37}$. The electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve alone resulted in PBF decreases. The j.a. administration of CGRP following the electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve compensated the decreased PBF. Therefore, CGRP effectively blocked the sympathetic nerve stimulation-induced PBF decrease. Results of the present study have provided evidences that even though the local vasodilatory function of CGRP are weak, CCRP is effectively involved in blocking the vasoconstriction caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the feline dental pulp.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.573-578
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• 2003

The effects of removing the endothelium on the vasodilatory response to substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was examined in the isolated rabbit renal artery. The vasodilator response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$) was completely absent in vessels in which the endothelium had previously been removed. There was no significant difference in the vasodilatation produced in response to CGRP ($0.1{\mu}M$), or VIP ($0.1{\mu}M$) in the intact and removed-endothelium rabbit renal artery segments. L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$) significantly reduced the vasodilatory response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$). This inhibition was significantly attenuated when L-arginine (10 mM) was also present in the organ bath along with L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$). Indomethacin ($1{\mu}M$) did not significantly affect the vasodilatation produced in response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$). The inhibitory effect of L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$) and indomethacin ($1{\mu}M$) on the vasodilatory response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$) was not significantly different from that produced by L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$) alone. This study indicates that substance P induced vasodilatation via an endothelium-dependent mechanism in the isolated rabbit renal artery. It also established that CGRP and VIP induced vasodilatation by an endothelium-independent mechanism and substance P-induced vasodilatation is at least partially via NO.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.255-259
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• 1999

A 6.9-kb DNA fragment including the minimal Bacillus pasteurii urease gene cluster was subcloned into a high-copy-number plasmid vector, pUC19, and the recombinant B. pasteurii urease was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant urease was purified 25.9-fold by using combinations of anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography followed by Mono-Q chromatography on a FPLC. N-terminal peptide sequencing analyses revealed that two distinct smaller peptide bands resolved on a 10-18％ gradient SDS-PAGE corresponded to UreA and UreB peptides, respectively. It was also shown that the ureB gene was translated from a GUG codon and the first methionine residue was post-translationally cleaved off. The native molecular weight of the recombinant urease was 176,000 and 2 nickel atoms were present per catalytic unit. pH stability studies of the purified enzyme showed that the recombinant Bacillus pasteurii urease is stable in alkaline pH range, which is similar to the enzyme of the evolutionarily related bacterium, Sporosarcina ureae.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.86-86
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• 1996

amine 전구물질을 흡수하며 신경분비과립을 함유하고 있는 것으로 밝혀진 neuroendocrine cell의 후두상피 내에서의 구조와 분포를 알기 위하여 고양이 후두 상피조직을 이용, 면역조직화학적 염색법으로 관찰하였다. neuroendocrine cell은 방추체 모양이었으며 후두강쪽의 첨부돌기는 미세돌기를 갖고 있었으며 기저막에 접하고 있는 세포질돌기에는 많은 수의 농심과립을 함유하고 있었다. neuroendocrine cell은 calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine들 함유하고 있었으며 protein gene product 9.5, neuron-specific enolase에 면역양성반응을 보였으며 성문하부에 가장 많이 분포하고 있었다. 이로 미루어 neuroendocrine cell은 고양이 성대에서 어떤 자극을 받으면 다양한 펩티드를 분비하여 내분비 혹은 paracrine 경로를 통하여 후두 기능 조절에 관여한다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.141-160
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• 2006

The obtained results are summarized as follows 1. New findings are reporting year by year as for the study related to Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Bee Venom therapy. 2. The Anti-inflammatory effect of Bee Venom therapy is achieved through counterirritation, stimulations to adrenal cortex, immuno-regulation, antioxidation, removal of free radicals, modulation of AGP gene induction. 3. The chief components of Bee Venom related to Anti-inflammatory effect are Melittin, MCD peptide, Apamin, Adolapin etc. 4. Melittin binds to secretory phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity. 5. Melittin blocks neutophil O2-production. 6. MCD peptide(Peptide 401) stimulates the mast cell secrets histamine, Anti-inflammatory effect caused by this is 'conterirritation'. 7. Melittin & Apamin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inducing cortisone secretion. 8. MCD peptide & Apamin increase immunologic fuction by stimulating hypophysis & adrenal cortex and have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid. 9. Adolapin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting COX. 10. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing AGP($\alpha$-acid glycoprotein). 11. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NO, iNOS, PLA2, COX-2, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1, NF-${\kappa}B$, MAP kinase.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 1987

N-myc, a DNA sequence related to the oncogene c-myc, was found to be amplified in untreated primary neuroblastomas and the amplification appeared to be associated with advanced disease at diagnosis and rapid tumor progression. Synthetic peptides have been useful immunogens for generating antisera and monoclonal antibodies to a number of native proteins. In order to identify myc-related protein in the tumor cells, an antiserum against a synthetic hexapeptide (-Glu-Asp-Ile-Trp-Lys-Lys-), whose sequence corresponds to a part of the exon 2 of oncogene N-myc, was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with BSA-conjugated peptide. After ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity column chromatography, it appeared to be specific to the peptide. Strong nuclear staining in immunoperoxidase method using this serum was observed in both human promyeloid leukemic cell line, HL-60(containing high c-myc copy number), and human neuroblastoma cell line, LA-N-5 (containing high N-myc copy number), whereas LA351 (human lymphoid cell line) cells did not react with the serum. This reaction was completely abrogated by incubating the antiserum with soluble excess peptide. These data suggest that the protein encoded by N-myc could be localized in the nucleus as c-myc protein and this antiserum can be used to detect myc-related tumor cells in clinical samples and to determine if the N-myc expression correlates with genomic amplification in cell lines, untreated primary tumors, and untreated metastases.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.261-282
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• 1987

Plants store a significant amount of their nitrogen, sulfur and carbon reserves as storage proteins in seed tissues. The major proteins present in rice seeds are the glutelins. Glutelins are initially synthesized at 4-6 days postanthesis and deposited into protein bodies via Golgi apparatus. Based on nucleic acid sequences and Southern blot analysis, the three isolated glutelin genomic clones were representative members of three gene subfamilies each containing 5 to 8 copies. A comparison of DNA sequences displayed by relevant regions of these genomic clones showed that two subfamilies, represented by clones, Gt1 and Gt2, were closely, related and probably evolved by more recent gene duplication events. The 5' flanking and coding sequences of Gt1 and Gt2 displayed at least 87% homolgy. In contrast, Gt3 showed little or no homolgy in the 5' flanking sequences upstream of the putative CAAT boxes and exhibited significant divergence in all other portions of the gene. Conserved sequences in the 5' flanking regions of these genes were identified and discussed in light of their potential regulatory role. The derived primary sequences of all three glutelin genomic clones showed significant homology to the legume 11S storage proteins indicating a common gene origin. A comparison of the derived glutelin primary sequences showed that mutations were clustered in three peptide regions. One peptide region corresponded to the highly rautable hypervariable region of legume peptide region of legume 11S storage proteins, a potential target area for protein modification. Expression studies indicated that glutelin mRNA transcripts are differentially accumulated during endosperm development. Promoterss of Gt2 and Gt3 were functional as they direct transient expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in cultured plant cell.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.236-239
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• 2005

Effects of Naoxintong (NXT, a formula of Chinese Materia Medica)-containing serum on Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (rCMEC) was investigated, rCMEC was injured in vitro by incubating for 4 hours at 100% NO in a hypoxia chamber. The results indicated that NXT could antagonize the reduction of NO and CGRP secreted by rCMEC during hypoxia, the effect of which was dose-dependent. After treated with NXT-containing serum at dosage of 5.0 - 30 and 50 -1.1 g/kg/U respectively, the amount of NO and CGRP secreted by rCMEC were remarkably increased during hypoxia in vitro.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.409-418
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• 2003

본 연구는 치수 염증 시 IL-8과 MCP-1 분비에서 neuropeptide의 역할에 대해 관찰하고자 발거된 건전한 치아를 수직 파절시켜 치수조직을 채취하여 배양된 치수세포 및 혈관내피세포(ECV 304세포)를 각기 다른 농도의 Substance P(SP)로 12시간 자극하였고, 24시간 동안 4시간 간격으로 시간대별로 자극하였으며, 또 치수세포를 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)로 12시간 자극하였다. 이들 세포를 SP길항제 (Spantide)로 15분간 차단한 후 SP로 12시간 재 자극하였으며, SP와 CGRP혼합액을 12시간 자극하였다. 상기의 실험 후 부유물로 ELISA를 시행하여 IL-8과 MCP-1의 분비 량을 측정하였다. 치수세포는 SP로 자극 시 IL-8이 현저히 증가한 반면, CGRP는 효과가 없었으며, SP와 CGRP를 혼합자극 시 시너지 효과 또한 없었고, Spantide는 치수세포의 IL-8과 MCP-1의 분비를 차단시켰다. 치수세포를 SP로 24시간 동안 4시간 간격으로 자극 시 8시간 후 최대의 IL-8은 분비량 나타내었으며, 8시간과 12시간 사이에서 최대의 MCP-1 분비량을 나타내었다. ECV 304세포를 SP로 자극 시 IL-8과 MCP-1 분비량이 미약하게 증가하였으며, Spantide는 ECV 304세포의 IL-8과 MCP-1 분비를 억제시켰다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2010

We have characterized full-length cDNA encoding Gall-6-tox protein, which was cloned from the fat body of the immunized Galleria mellonella larvae. The cloned cDNA of Gall-6-tox consists of 1301 nucleotides and contained an open reading frame of 891 nucleotides corresponding to a protein of 296 residues that includes a putative 16-residue signal sequence and a 280-residue mature peptide with a calculated mass of 30,707.73 Da. The deduced mature peptide contains conserved tandem repeats of six cysteine-stabilized alpha beta ($Cs{\alpha}{\beta}$) motifs, which was detected in scorpion toxins and insect defensins. In the sequence homology search, mature Gall-6-tox showed 34% and 28% amino acid sequence homology with Bomb-6-tox from Bombyx mori and Spod-11-tox from Spodoptera frugiperda, respectively. Gall-6-tox orthologs were only found in Lepidopteran species, indicating that this new immune-related gene family is specific to this insect order. RT-PCR analysis revealed that Gall-6-tox was expressed primarily in the larval fat bodies, hemocytes, and midgut against invading bacteria into hemocoel. Moreover, the expression time course of Gall-6-tox was examined up to 24 h in the fat bodies and midgut after injection of E. coli. Altogether, these results suggest that Gall-6-tox is derived from defensins and Gall-6-tox may play a critical role in Lepidoptera immune system.