• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.695-700
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• 2013

Background: Mutations affecting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are good predictors of clinical efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are also regarded as predictive for the efficacy of EGFR-TKI and EGFR gene mutations. This study analyzed the association between EGFR gene mutations and clinical features, including serum tumor marker levels in lung adenocarcinomas patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 70 lung adenocarcinoma patients with complete clinical data and pathological specimens were investigated. EGFR gene mutations at exons 19 and 21 were assessed. Serum tumor markers were detected by protein chip-chemiluminescence at the corresponding time, and correlations were analyzed. Results: Mutations of the EGFR gene were detected in 27 of the 70 patients and the serum CEA and CA242 concentrations were found to be significantly associated with the incidence of EGFR gene mutations (P<0.05). The AUCs for CEA and CA242 were 0.724 (95% CI: 0.598~0.850, P<0.05) and 0.769 (95% CI: 0.523~0.800, P<0.05) respectively. Conclusions: Serum CEA and CA242 levels are associated with mutations of the EGFR gene in patients with lung adenocarcinomas.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2008

Fifty-two Korean japonica rice cultivars were analyzed for leaf blast resistance and genotyped with 4 STS and 26 SSR markers flanking the specific chromosome sites linked with blast resistance genes. In our analysis of resistance genes in 52 japonica cultivars using STS markers tightly linked to Pib, Pita, Pi5(t) and Pi9(t), the blast nursery reaction of the cultivars possessing the each four major genes were not identical to that of the differential lines. Eight of the 26 SSR markers were associated with resistant phenotypes against the isolates of blast nursery as well as the specific Korean blast isolates, 90-008 (KI-1113), 03-177 (KJ-105). These markers were linked to Pit, Pish, Pib, Pi5(t), Piz, Pia, Pik, Pi18, Pita and Pi25(t) resistance gene loci. Three of the eight SSR markers, MRG5836, RM224 and RM7102 only showed significantly associated with the phenotypes of blast nursery test for two consecutive years. These three SSR markers also could distinguish between resistant and susceptible japonica cultivars. These results demonstrate the usefulness of marker-assisted selection and genotypic monitoring for blast resistance of rice in blast breeding programs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used for various food fermentation. With the recent advances in modern biotechnology, a variety of bio-products with the high economic values have been produced using microorganisms. For molecular cloning and expression studies on the gene of interest, E. coli has been widely used mainly because vector systems are fully developed. Most plasmid vectors currently used for E, coli carry antibiotic-resistant markers. As it is generally believed that the antibiotic resistance markers are potentially transferred to other bacteria, application of the plasmid vectors carrying antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers should be avoided, especially for human consump-tion. By contrast, as LAB have some desirable traits such that the they are GRAS(generally recognized as safe), able to secrete gene products out of cell, and their low protease activities, they are regarded as an ideal organism for the genetic manipulation, including cloning and expression of homologous and heterologous genes. However, the vec-tor systems established for LAB are stil insufficient to over-produce gene products, stably, limiting the use of these organisms for industrial applications. For a past decade, the two popular plasmid vectors, pAM$\beta$1 of Streptococcus faecalis and pGK12 theB. subtilis-E. coli shuttle vector derived from pWV01 of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris wg 2, were most widely used to construct efficient chimeric vectors to be stably maintained in many industrial strains of LAB. Currently, non-antibiotic markers such as nisin resistance($Nis^{r}$ ) are explored for selecting recombi-nant clone. In addition, a gene encoding S-layer protein, slp/A, on bacterial cell wall was successfully recombined with the proper LAB vectors LAB vectors for excretion of the heterologous gene product from LAB Many food-grade host vec-tor systems were successfully developed, which allowed stable integration of multiple plasmid copies in the vec-mosome of LAB. More recently, an integration vector system based on the site-specific integration apparatus of temperate lactococcal bacteriophage, containing the integrase gene(int) and phage attachment site(attP), was pub-lished. In conclusion, when various vector system, which are maintain stably and expressed strongly in LAB, are developed, lost of such food products as enzymes, pharmaceuticals, bioactive food ingredients for human consump-tion would be produced at a full scale in LAB.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.747-752
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• 2011

Microarray classification typically possesses two striking attributes: (1) classifier design and error estimation are based on remarkably small samples and (2) cross-validation error estimation is employed in the majority of the papers. A Microarray data of ovarian cancer consists of the expressions of thens of thousands of genes, and there is no systematic procedure to analyze this information instantaneously. In this paper, gene markers are selected by ranking genes according to statistics, popular classification rules - linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest-neighbor and decision trees - has been performed comparing classification accuracy of data selecting gene markers and not selecting gene markers. The Result that apply linear classification analysis at Microarray data set including marker gene that are selected using ANOVA method represent the highest classification accuracy of 97.78% and the lowest prediction error estimate.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.159-170
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• 2024

Research to obtain molecular markers related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene in both strains of gourami is essential to increase the success of the selection program of disease resistance traits. Using a completely randomized design (CRD), the challenge test consists of four treatments and seven replications. The treatment was Jambi gourami injected with PBS (KJ), Kalimantan gourami injected with PBS (KK), Jambi strain injected with Aeromonas hydrophila (GJ), and Kalimantan strain injected with A. hydrophila (GK). The GJ population was more resistant to A. hydrophila than the GK population. The MHC II gene was detected in both test strains (GJ and GK), both resistant and susceptible fish. However, there were differences in the results of amplifying the MHC II gene in susceptible and resistant fish. Two DNA fragments approximately 400 and 585 bp were detected in the genome of susceptible fish, while in the genome of susceptible fish, only one DNA fragment was detected (400 bp). Therefore, the MHC II gene fragment with a size of about 585 bp can be used as a potential candidate for specific molecular markers to obtain resistance to A. hydrophila bacteria in the giant gourami.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 1996

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs were employed to study the genetic variation and gene introgression in potato dihaploids (2n=24) which were generated after interspecific pollination of tetraploid cultivars (2n=4X=48, Solanum tuberosum cv Irish Cobbler, Superior and Dejima) by haploid inducer clones (2n=2X=24, Solanum phureja 1.22, Hes-5 and Hes-6). Genetic variation and DNA marker segregation among dihaploids were observed. Most dihaploids contain S. tuberosum specific RAPD markers but haploid inducer-specific RAPD markers were also found in some dihaploids. Of six different arbitrary 10-mer oligonucletide primers which showed polymorphism betwen tetraploid cultivars and haploid inducers used, three generated amplification products which seemed to be derived from the S. phureja parent. Our results indicate that chromosomes of dihaploids may not be pure S. tuberosum and the dihaploids may not be produced by parthenogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

In order to distinguish Korean cattle (Hanwoo) beef from the imported beef from Australia in Korean markets, DNA markers based on PCR-RFLP from mitochondrial genes and SRY gene were applied. A total of 2,826 beef samples comprising 1,495 Hanwoo and 1,331 foreign cattle breeds were obtained in Korea. An 801 bp fragment of the SRY gene on the bovine Y chromosome, a 343 bp fragment of ND4 gene and a 528 bp fragment of ND5 gene in the bovine mtDNA were amplified by PCR and digested with three restriction enzymes, MseI, HpyCH4III and Tsp509I, respectively. The results showed that Bos taurus (T) type was the majority in Hanwoo by combining three markers (99.5%). However, 78.2% of Bos indicus (I) type was observed in the imported beef samples. These results indicated that three markers used in this study will be used as valuable markers for discriminating imported beef against Hanwoo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.279-283
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• 2001

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a progressive neurologic disorder resulting from the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, and is inherited in 10% of cases. About 20% of familial ALS, clinically indistinguishable from sporadic ALS, is caused by mutations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase on chromosome 21q22.21 inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We now report a new locus in the non-SOD1 dominantly inherited ALS. We screened a large ALS family with 11 affected individuals and one obligate gene carrier with genome-wide ABI polymorphic markers using the ABI 377 automated system. No evidence of linkage was obtained with the autosomal markers. We next screened this family with X chromosome markers as there was no evidence of male-to-male tran-smission of the disease. Linkage was established with several X chromosome markers with a lod score up to 3.8; almost the maximum possible score in this family. Our finding imply that a gene for the dominant expression of a neuronal degeneration is coded on X chromosome and raise the question of the role of X-linked genes that escape inactivation in this pathogenesis. More importantly, our finding that a gene causing ALS is localized on X-chromosome has direct investigational relevance to sporadic ALS, where epidemiological studies show male gender predominance(1.3:1) and earlier onset in men by 5-10 years.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to map gene/QTL for photoblastism in a weedy rice (photoblastic rice: PBR) using DNA markers. Light-induced effect on germination of seeds was compared among three accessions (Oryza sativa L.), PBR, Milyang 23 and Ilpum. Results showed that PBR seeds started to show photoblastism during seed development, different from Ilpum and Milyang 23. Frequency distribution of germination in the F4 lines from crosses between Ilpum and PBR and, Milyang 23 and PBR revealed bimodal distributions suggesting that photoblastism was controlled by a few genes. Bulked segregant analysis using $F_4$ populations derived from the above two crosses was conducted to identify gene/QTL for photoblastism. Two QTL were identified on chromosomes 1 and 12 explaining 11.2 and 12.8% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two QTL were further mapped between two SSR markers, RM8260 and RM246 on chromosome 1, and between RM270 and 1103 on chromosome 12. It is noteworthy that two QTL for photoblastism were colocalized with the QTL for seed dormancy reported in the previous QTL studies. The clustering of two genes for photoblastism and dormancy possibly indicates that these regions constitute rice phytochrome gene clusters related to germination. Because PBR has a low degree of dormancy, a pleiotropic effect of a single gene controlling dormancy and photoblastism can be ruled out. The linked markers will provide the foundation for positional cloning of the gene.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.575-580
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• 2011

With the increasing expectation on personalized medicine, it is getting importance to analyze medical information in molecular biology perspective. Gene expression data are one of representative ones to show the microscopic phenomena of biological activities. In gene expression data analysis, one of major concerns is to identify markers which can be used to predict disease occurrence, progression or recurrence in the molecular level. Existing markers candidate identification methods mainly depend on statistical hypothesis test methods. This paper proposes a search method based decision tree induction to identify candidate markers which consist of multiple genes. The propose method discretizes numeric expression level into three categorical values and allows candidate markers' genes to be expressed by their negation as well as categorical values. It is desirable to have some number of genes to be included in markers. Hence the method is devised to try to find candidate markers with restricted number of genes.