• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

In this study, biomonitoring methods were developed to measure BTEXs exposure level in the air, metabolites of benzene and toluene in human urine, individual susceptibility markers in human blood for evaluation of the health effects about environmental pollution. We have also performed a small-scaled molecular epidemiology study on residents in Chuncheon and workers in workplace for these method applications. The workers in workplace were surveyed as study areas, and the residents in Chuncheon which is in the suburban area were surveyed as comparative areas in this study. Actually, 31 workers in as target group and 33 residences in as control group this epidemiological study. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen, it's median concentrations were 0.00024∼0.02057ppm at suburban area and 0.002∼00.654ppm at work place, These benzene concentrations were not exceed the OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) threshold benzene level of 1ppm in the states. 2. Metabolites product of benzene(t,t-Muconic Acid) and toluene(Hippuric Acid) were not significant both in suburban and workplace area. The median concentration of t,t-MA and HA were 0.0122, 1.44277g/g creatinine, respectively. 3. In the case of individual susceptibility markers as CYPlAl, 41.8% of them has homozygous wild type(W) and who has heterozygous variant type(H) was 35.4% and 22.8% of homozygous variant type(M) genetic type. In the case of CYP2E1, 62.82% of them has homozygous wild type(D) type, 34.62% of each has heterozygous variant type (DC) and 2.56% of them has homozygous variant type (CC). Who doesn't have GSTM1 gene was 46.25% and who has GSTM1 gene was 53.75％. Who doesn't have GSTT1 gene was 40.0％ in study groups and who has GSTT1 gene was 60.0%. Who has W genetic type, which is homozygous wild type of GSTP1, was 69.18% and H genetic type, which is heterozygous variant type was 28.4%. M genetic type which is homozygous variant type was 2.4%. 4. Concentration differences of metabolites such as t,t-MA and HA in urine, which is generated by individual susceptibility marker of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 gene of Phase I and CYP1A1, CYP2E1 gene of Phase II, was examined. As a result, GSTP1 and GSTM1 indicate slight differences depend on the amount of metabolites in urine, it was not statistically significant.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2009

Cowpea might have been introduced from China to Korea and cultivated for several hundred years but it has never been a staple food crop in Korea. In this study, genetic diversity of 492 Korean cowpea landrace accessions that have passport information was estimated using six SSR markers. The mean of Weir's gene diversity was 0.665 from all accessions investigated in the study. Cowpea gene diversity of six local provinces in Korea was ranged from 0.370 in accessions of Gangwon to 0.680 in Jeonra provinces. Low gene diversity of the cowpea genepool of Gangwon province was probably derived from relatively few introductions. Especially SSR markers VM36 and VM39 seem to be good markers to distinguish the Gangwon accessions from others by occurring at a specific locus with higher than 78% of allele frequency. Except for the Gangwon province with the low genetic diversity, gene diversity of cowpea accessions from other provinces was ranged from 0.600 to 0.680 indicating no big differences among provinces. Distribution pattern of the allele frequencies was similar among the other provinces. This may reveal that Korean farmers might exchange cowpea seeds easily with even their neighbors with geographical barriers. A core collection, 100 landraces, ca. 20% of base collection, was developed at the 70% of a similarity coefficient level using random sampling approaches after stratification of the entire landrace collection based on the phenetic dendrogram. The variability of SSR in the base and core collections of Korean cowpea landrace was compared by calculating Weir's gene diversity. The mean of Weir's gene diversity of the core was 0.707 while that of the base collection was 0.665. The higher diversity index in the core collection indicates that it maintains the initial variability and well represents the base collection. The core collection included one of determinate accession (IT 216155) and two of no branching type accessions (IT 103959 and IT 161024). The core collection could be used to guide more efficient management and utilization of the entire collection. This core collection should be revised periodically as additional accessions are collected and further characterization is conducted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.892-896
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• 2004

A genetic examination using 14 structural loci and 7 microsatellite markers was carried out among random samples of Hu sheep (Hu), Tong sheep (Tong) and Yantse River Delta White goat (YRD); The mean heterozygosity (H), mean polymorphism information contents (PIC) and mean effective numbers of alleles (Ne) calculated based on the data from the above two types of genetic markers were compared. The standard genetic distances among the three populations based on two types of gene frequencies were calculated and compared. The results show that the mean heterozygosity (H), mean polymorphism information contents (PIC) and mean effective numbers of alleles (Ne) based on 7 microsatellite markers are greater than those based on the structural loci. The standard genetic distances based on structural loci among the three populations are: 0.0268-0.2487, the standard genetic distances based on microsatellite markers are: 0.2321-1.2313. The study indicates that structural and microsatellite markers reflect the genetic variation of the three populations consistently: Tong>Hu>YRD. The differentiation between related species or interpopulations can be expressed more effectively by microsatellite markers than structural markers. Oar FCB11, MAF33, Oar AE101, Oar FCB128 and OarFCB304 can be used as representative loci for research on genetic differentiation between sheep and goat.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1996

This study was carried out to clarify the genetic constitution of biochemical polymorphic loci controlling blood protein and enzymes as genetic rnarkers in Korean native chicken(KNG) population Blood samples were collected from 230 KNG representing three colored-lines(reddish-, yellowish- and blackish- brown) raised in Daejeon branch of National Livestock Research Institute. Eight blood marker loci, transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(Pas), albumin(Alb), amylase-1(Arny-1), es-terase-1(Es-1), alkaline phosphatase(Akp), catalase(Cat) and hemoglobin(Hh) were analyzed by using starch, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the gene frequencies of polymorphic marker loci, the genetic characteristics of KNF population was analyzed, and the genetic ariability within population was quantified. The genetic relationships between KNC and other native fowls or improved breeds were also estimated. The gene frequencies of Tf, Pas and AIb loci were similar to those of improved breeds among the seven biochemical polymorphic loci, while gene frequencies of Cat and Es-i loci were remarkably different between KNC and improved breeds. Gene frequencies of amy-i and Akp loci were similar to those of New Hampshire and Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn, respectively. However in comparison with other improved breeds, great differences were observed in gene frequencies of these loci The average heterozygosity, effective number of alleles and homogeneity index for the seven loci combined were estimated to be .334, 1.639 and .373, respectively. Based on the dendrogram and genetic distances, the KNC was genetically closer to New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red breeds than to the White Leghorn breed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2005

The H19 gene, located at human chromosome 11p15.5, is imprinted in most normal human tissues. However, imprinting is often lost in tumors suggesting H19 is a putative tumor suppressor. We analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a 16 kb region that includes the H19 gene and its imprinting control region (ICR) in the Korean population. To identify SNPs, we directly sequenced this region in 18 Korean subjects. We identified 64 SNPs, of which 7 were in the exons of H19, 2 were in the introns, 14 were in the 3' intergenic region and 41 were in the 5' intergenic region. Of the 64 SNPs, 21 had not previously been reported and thus appear to be unique to the Korean population. The identified SNPs of H19 in the Korean population may eventually be useful as genetic markers associated with various diseases. In this study, 7 of the 64 identified SNPs were at CTCF binding sites in the ICR and may affect regulation of H19 gene imprinting. Thus, several genetic variations of the H19 gene may be important markers in human diseases that involve genomic imprinting, including cancer.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2010

Accurate methods for the identification of closely related species or breeds in raw and processed meats must be developed in order to protect both consumers and producers from mislabeling and fraud. This paper describes the development of DNA markers for the discrimination and improvement of Korean native pig (KNP) meat. The KIT gene is related to pig coat color and is often used as a candidate marker. A 538 bp fragment comprising intron 19 of the pig KIT gene was amplified by PCR using specific primers, after which the PCR amplicons of a number of meat samples from KNP and three major improved breeds (Landrace, Duroc and Yorkshire) were sequenced in order to find a nucleotide region suitable for PCR-RFLP analysis. Sequence data showed the presence of two nucleotide substitutions, g.276G>A and g.295A>C, between KNP and the improved pig breeds. Digestion of KIT amplicons with AccII enzyme generated characteristic PCR-RFLP profiles that allowed discrimination between meats from KNP and improved pig. KNP showed three visible DNA bands of 264/249, 199, and 75 bp, whereas DNA bands of 249, 199, and 90 bp were detected in the three improved pig breeds. Therefore, the 75 bp DNA fragment was specific only to KNP, whereas the 90 bp DNA fragment was specific to the improved breeds. The breed-specific DNA markers reported here that target the KIT gene could be useful for the identification of KNP meat from improved pig meats, thus contributing to the prevention of falsified breed labeling.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2005

Leptin, the product of the obesity (ob) gene, is synthesized in adipocytes or fat cells and has been implicated in the regulation of food intake, energy balance and body composition in mammals. Therefore, the leptin gene could be a candidate gene controlling fat deposition, meat quality and carcass traits in cattle. In this study the microsatellite genotypes for leptin gene were determined and their effects on carcass traits and meat quality were estimated in Korean cattle. Six different microsatellite alleles within leptin gene were identified and gene frequencies of 173, 177, 184, 186, 190 and 192 bp alleles were 0.012, 0.308, 0.067, 0.260, 0.342 and 0.016, respectively. The microsatellite marker of the leptin gene showed a significant association with the carcass percentage (CP) and marbling score (MS). Animals with genotypes 192/192 and 177/184 had higher CP than animals with other genotypes. Animals with genotypes 184/192 and 177/184 had higher MS compared with animals with other genotypes. Thus, the results suggest that the 177, 184 and 192 bp alleles may be associated with increased carcass percentage and intramuscular fat levels. No associations were found between the microsatellite genotypes of the leptin gene and other carcass traits such as carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BF) and M. longissimus dorsi area (LDA). In conclusion, the microsatellite markers of the leptin gene may be useful for marker-assisted selection of carcass traits and meat quality in Korean cattle.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2004

Adult periodontitis (AP) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose etiology is not well defined. Some studies suggested that the clinical characteristics of this disease may be in part explained by genetic factors, and some attempts to find genetic markers for this disease were successful. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene family as one of genetic factors may influence the expression of adult periodontitis. The aim of present study is to investigate the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene family encoding three genes (IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-1RN) in Korean AP patients and periodontically healthy controls. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorph isms between two groups, respectively. However, -511 polymorphism of IL-1 B gene was significantly associated with mean pocket depth (MPD, mm) value in AP patients (P<0.05). Therefore, our results suggest that -511 polymorphism in the IL-1B gene may be useful as a genetic marker for the severity of AP in Koreans.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.200-210
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• 1997

The understanding on the plant genome is accelerated with the fast advance of molecular biological techniques. The molecular dissecting of the plant genome has made possible the precise genotyping the plants, which can be utilized for molecular breeding program. As well, the molecular cloning of genes interested can facilitate the process of gene transfer between intra-and inter-generic taxa. Moreover, the manipulation of the agronomically important QTL genes, which can be rarely performed by the conventional genetic methods, is also possible by the utilization of molecular markers. In addition to these genetical applications, molecular markers are useful in the areas of plant taxonomy and management of germplasm by fingerprinting analysis. This paper describes the theoretical aspects marker technologies and practical applications of each marker technique.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.783-788
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• 2004

Marker proteins of genetically-modified organisms (GMO) and their antibodies were prepared and characterized as major components of an analytical system. We selected two GMO markers, neomycin phosphotransferase II and 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, and produced them from E. coli employing genetic recombination technology. After purification, their structural conformation and binding affinities to the respective antibodies were characterized. The results showed that the recombinant proteins were identical with commercially obtained reference proteins. We further used them as immunogens to raise polyclonal antibodies capable of discriminating GMO containing protein from non-GMO. Well-characterized marker proteins and antibodies will be valuable as immunoreagents in constructing analytical systems such as biosensors and biochips to measure quantities of GMO.