• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2016

국내에는 야생콩이 전국적으로 분포하고 있기 때문에 LM콩으로부터의 야생콩으로 유전자 이동으로 인한 교잡후대종에 관한 연구는 국내 콩 다양성 보전과 LMO 안전관리를 위해 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 LM콩과 일년생 야생콩인 돌콩의 교잡후대종 종자의 형태적 및 발아 휴면특성을 평가하여 교잡후대종의 잡초화 가능성을 예측하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 수행되었다. 교잡 1세대의 경우 형태적으로 돌콩과 매우 유사하며, 발아휴면특성 또한 모본인 돌콩과 유사하여 휴면성이 매우 클 것으로 예측된다. 교잡 2세대 종자는 형태적 특성과 발아휴면특성이 부모종의 중간적인 특성을 지니며 모본인 돌콩에 보다 근접한 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 F2의 휴면율은 65.5%에 달할 정도로 매우 높아 잡초화 가능성을 시사한다. 국내 농업환경에서 교잡후대종이 잡초화 되려면 11월 이후에 탈립된 종자가 토양 중에서 월동하여 종자 활력을 유지하고, 휴면이 타파된 후 발아하여 자연 생태계에서 다른 재배종 및 야생종들과 경합하여 생존 및 세대진전을 할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 LM콩 및 야생콩 간 교잡후대종의 명확한 잡초화 가능성은 종자의 월동성, 생육특성 및 종자생산성 평가 등을 추가적으로 수행하여 다각적인 측면에서 면밀히 평가되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2017

현재까지 국내에서는 생명공학작물이 상업적인 재배가 되고 있지 않으나 생명공학작물의 환경 방출을 위해서는 환경위해성 평가가 필수적 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)로부터 모품종인 낙동벼와 잡초성벼인 R55 및 인디카벼인 IR36 로의 화분 매개에 의한 유전자 이동성을 평가하였다. 낙동벼로부터 729,917 립의 종자를 얻었으며, 잡초성벼(R55)로부터는 230,635 립의 종자와 인디카벼(IR36)에서는 596,318 립의 종자를 수확하였다. 교잡개체는 3회의 제초제 살포를 수행하여 제초제 저항성 개체 선별과 Cry1Ac1 immunostrip 검정으로 확인하였으며, 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)에 특이적인 프라이머를 이용한 분자생물학적 방법을 통해 유전자 이동성 여부를 최종적으로 검증하였다. 총 파종된 종자수에 대한 교잡율은 낙동벼에서는 0.0027%, R55는 0.0017%, IR36은 0.0005%로 나타났으며, 모든 교잡개체들은 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)에 근접한 1.2m 내에서 발견되었다. 화분 매개에 의한 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)의 유전자 이동 특성은 기존에 연구된 결과들과 유사한 경향으로 보였으며, 벼의 개화기간 중 온도와 강우량 등 기상 조건이 화분에 의한 교잡을 결정하는데 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 이에 재배 지역의 기상 환경과 개화시기 중복 여부 등을 유전자변형 벼에 의한 일반 재배품종 및 야생(잡초성)벼로의 유전자 이동에 따른 저감 기술 개발과 안전관리 기준 작성에서 주요 영향 인자들로 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.781-784
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the adenovirus-mediated double suicide gene (CD/TK) for selective killing of gastric cancer cells. Gastric cancer cells SCG7901 and normal gastric epithelial cell lines were infected by adenoviruses Ad-survivin/GFP and Ad-survivin/CD/TK. GFP expression and CD-TK were detected by fluorescence microscopy and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. After treatment of the infected cells with the pro-drugs ganciclovir (GCV) and/or 5-FC, the cell growth status was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Cell cycle changes were detected using flow cytometry. In nude mice bearing human gastric cancer, the recombinant adenovirus vector was injected directly into the tumor followed by an intraperitoneal injection of GCV and/or 5-FC. The subsequent tumor growth was then observed. The GFP gene driven by survivin could be expressed within the gastric cancer line SCG7901, but not in normal gastric epithelial cells. RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of the CD/TK gene product in the infected SCG7901 cells, but not in the infected normal gastric epithelial cells. The infected gastric cancer SCG7901, but not the gastric cells, was highly sensitive to the pro-drugs. The CD/TK fusion gene system showed significantly greater efficiency than either of the single suicide genes in killing the target cells (P<0.01). Treatment of the infected cells with the pro-drugs resulted in increased cell percentage in G0-Gl phase and decreased percentage in S phase. In nude mice bearing SCG7901 cells, treatment with the double suicide gene system significantly inhibited tumor growth, showing much stronger effects than either of the single suicide genes (P<0.01). The adenovirus-mediated CD/TK double suicide gene driven by survivin promoter combined with GCV an 5-FC treatment could be an effective therapy against experimental gastric cancer with much greater efficacy than the single suicide gene CD/TK combined with GCV or 5-FC.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Millettia Reticulatas on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : We counted the number of death cells treated with indicated concentration of Millettia Reticulatas and investigated cell death rate by MTS assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis. and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results : 1) The inhibitory effect on the growth of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with Millettia Reticulatas was increased in a concentration proportional. 2) The result of flow cytometry analysis. subG1 phase arrest related3 cell apoptosis was investigated 23.49% in uterine leiomyoma cell treated Millettia Reticulatas and showed the fession of proportional concentration. 3) The gene expression of p27, p53, p21, p16 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing concentration but cyclin E was none exchanged. 4) The character of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was significantly observed the fession of proportional concentration. 5) The expression of pro-caspase3 and PARP were decreased dependent on treatment concentration. Conclusion : This study showed that Millettia Reticulatas have the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cell and the effect was related with apoptosis. The apoptotic mechanism was observed that the gene expression of p27, p53, p21, p16 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing treatment concentration, induced G1 phase arrest and finally cell death was occurred. The decreased expression of pro-caspase 3 and PARP were noted that apoptosis was related with caspase pathway.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.260-273
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• 2013

The incidence and distribution of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and related tobamoviruses was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 1,926 symptomatic horticultural crops and 107 asymptomatic weed samples collected from 78 highly infected fields in the major horticultural crop-producing areas in 17 provinces throughout Iran. The results were confirmed by host range studies and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The overall incidence of infection by these viruses in symptomatic plants was 11.3%. The coat protein (CP) gene sequences of a number of isolates were determined and disclosed to be a high identity (up to 100%) among the Iranian isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of all known TMV CP genes showed three clades on the basis of nucleotide sequences with all Iranian isolates distinctly clustered in clade II. Analysis using the complete CP amino acid sequence showed one clade with two subgroups, IA and IB, with Iranian isolates in both subgroups. The nucleotide diversity within each subgroup was very low, but higher between the two clades. No correlation was found between genetic distance and geographical origin or host species of isolation. Statistical analyses suggested a negative selection and demonstrated the occurrence of gene flow from the isolates in other clades to the Iranian population.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.619-631
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• 2021

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), an economically important pathogen, is present worldwide with a very wide host range. This work reports for the first time the infection of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis with AMV using RNA sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmation. De novo assembly and annotating of contigs revealed that RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3 genomic fragments consist of 3,690, 2,636, and 2,057 nucleotides (nt) for IR-VM and 3,690, 2,594, and 2,057 nt for IR-WS. RNA1 and RNA3 segments of IR-VM and IR-WS closely resembled those of the Chinese isolate HZ, with 99.23-99.26% and 98.04-98.09% nt identity, respectively. Their RNA2 resembled that of Canadian isolate CaM and American isolate OH-2-2017, with 97.96-98.07% nt identity. The P2 gene revealed more nucleotide diversity compared with other genes. Genes in the AMV genome were under dominant negative selection during evolution, and the P1 and coat protein (CP) proteins were subject to the strongest and weakest purifying selection, respectively. In the population genetic analysis based on the CP gene sequences, all 107 AMV isolates fell into two main clades (A, B) and isolates of clade A were further divided into three groups with significant subpopulation differentiation. The results indicated moderate genetic variation within and no clear geographic or genetic structure between the studied populations, implying moderate gene flow can play an important role in differentiation and distribution of genetic diversity among populations. Several factors have shaped the genetic structure and diversity of AMV: selection, recombination/reassortment, gene flow, and random processes such as founder effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1130-1134
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• 2005

To monitor the possibility of horizontal gene transfer between transgenic potato and bacteria in the environment, the gene flow from glufosinate-tolerant potato to bacteria in soils was investigated. The soil samples treated with the leaf tissue of either glufosinate-tolerant or glufosinate-sensitive potato were subjected to PCR and Southern hybridization to determine possible occurrence of glufosinate-resistant soil bacteria and to detect the bar (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase) gene, conferring tolerance to glufosinate. The bar gene was not detected from genomic DNAs extracted at different time intervals from the soil samples, which had been treated with the leaf tissue of either transgenic or non-transgenic potato for 2 to 8 weeks. In addition, the level of glufosinate-resistant bacteria isolated from the soil samples treated with the leaf tissue of transgenic potato was similar to that of the samples treated with non-transgenic potato after 4 months of incubation at $25^{\circ}C$. The bar gene was not detected in the genomic DNAs extracted from colonies growing on the plate containing glufosinate, indicating that the bacteria could acquire the resistant phenotype to glufosinate by another mechanism without the uptake of the bar gene from glufosinate-tolerant potato.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.41-46
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• 2006

When new weapons are introduced, the target points estimation is one of the important objectives in the flight test as well as the safe separation. The prediction methods help to design the flight test schedule. However, the incremental aerodynamic coefficients in the aircraft flow field so-called BSE are difficult to predict. Generally, the semiempirical methods such as the grid methods, IFM and Flow TGP using database are used for estimation of BSE. However, these methods are quasi-steady methods using static aerodynamic loads. Nowadays the time-accurate CFD method is often used to predict the store separation event. In the current process, the incremental aerodynamic coefficients in BSE regime are calculated directly, and the elimination of delta coefficients is checked simultaneously. This stage can be used for the initial condition of Flow TGP with freestream database. Two dimensional supersonic and subsonic store separation problems have been simulated and incremental coefficients are calculated. The results show the time when the store gets out of BSE region.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1027-1031
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• 2010

To examine the possibility of horizontal gene transfer between transgenic potatoes and microorganisms in potato fields, the gene flow from transgenic potatoes containing the nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) gene to microorganisms in soils was investigated. The soil samples collected from the potato fields from March to October 2007 were examined by PCR, Southern hybridization, and AFLP fingerprinting. The NDPK2 gene from soil genomic DNAs was not detected by both PCR and Southern hybridization, indicating that gene transfer did not occur in the potato fields. In addition, no discrepancy was found in pathogenicity and noticeable changes for the appearance of variants of Phytophthora infestans in each generation when serial inoculations and the analysis of genomic DNAs by AFLP were conducted. Thus, these data suggest that transgenic potatoes do not give significant impacts on the communities of soil microorganisms and the emergence of variants, although continued research efforts may be necessary to make a decisive conclusion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.611-616
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• 2014

Objectives: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor immunotherapy needs an immunogenic tumor associated antigen (TAA) and an effective approach for its presentation to lymphocytes. In this study we explored whether transduction of DCs with lentiviruses (LVs) expressing the human interleukin-12 gene could stimulate antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against human lung cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Peripheral blood monocyte-derived DCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding human IL-12 gene (LV-12). The anticipated target of the human IL-12 gene was detected by RT-PCR. The concentration of IL-12 in the culture supernatant of DCs was measured by ELISA.Transduction efficiencies and CD83 phenotypes of DCs were assessed by flow cytometry. DCs were pulsed with tumor antigen of lung cancer cells (DC+Ag) and transduced with LV-12 (DC-LV-12+Ag). Stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation by DCs and activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) stimulated by LV-12 transduced DCs pulsed with tumor antigen against A549 lung cancer cells were assessed with methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT). Results: A recombinant lentivirus expressing the IL-12 gene was successfully constructed. DC transduced with LV-12 produced higher levels of IL-12 and expressed higher levels of CD83 than non-transduced. The DC modified by interleukin -12 gene and pulsed with tumor antigen demonstrated good stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antitumor effects. Conclusions: Dendritic cells transduced with a lentivirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene have an enhanced ability to kill lung cancer cells through promoting T lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity.