• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7039-7044
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• 2015

Background: Many functional molecules controlling diverse cellular function are included in low-molecular weight proteins and peptides. Materials and Methods: To identify proteins controlling function in lung adenocarcinomas (AC), we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis employing tricine-SDS polyacrylamide in the second dimension (tricine 2-DE). This system was able to detect proteins under 1 kDa even with post-translational modifications. To confirm the utility of detected proteins as novel tumor markers for AC, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 170 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung AC tissues. Results: Tricine 2-DE revealed that five proteins including S100A16 were overexpressed in lung AC-derived cells compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-derived cells. Immunohistochemically, S100A16 showed various subcellular localization in lung cancer tissues and a membranous staining status was correlated with the T-factor (P=0.0008), pathological stage (P=0.0015), differentiation extent (P=0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P=0.0007), vascular invasion (P=0.0001), pleural invasion (P=0.0087), and gender (P=0.039), but not with the age or smoking history. More importantly, membranous staining of S100A16 was significantly correlated with a poorer overall survival of either stage I (P=0.0088) or stage II / III (P=0.0003) lung AC patients, and multivariate analysis confirmed that membranous expression of S100A16 was an independent adverse prognostic indicator (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The present results suggest that S100A16 protein is a novel prognostic marker for lung AC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3521-3526
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• 2013

Objective: The current study explored the expression of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 and its significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: The expression levels of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 in 100 LSCC tissue specimens, as well as in 30 para-LSCC non-carcinomatous tissue specimens randomly taken from the patients, were assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlations with pathological parameters of LSCC and their influence on survival function were analyzed. Results: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 showed basically consistent changes in both mRNA and protein expression. Their expression in the 30 LSCC specimens was significantly lower compared with that in the corresponding non-carcinous tissues (P < 0.01 or 0.05), notably correlating with TNM stage, differentiation degree, clinical stage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but not gender, age, and LSCC growth sites (P > 0.05). The median survival of patients with positive KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 protein expression was longer than that of patients with negative protein expression (P < 0.01 or 0.05). KAI1/CD82 protein expression negatively correlated with MRP1/CD9 protein expression in LSCC (${\chi}^2$= 31.25, P < 0.01). Conclusion: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 may jointly participate in the development of LSCC. They may serve as the markers for judging the infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis of LSCC.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제43권
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• pp.7-46
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• 2008

이 글의 목적은 문화연구와 정치경제학을 중심으로 한국의 비판언론학을 성찰하고 미래의 방향을 제시보고자 하는 데 있다. 1980년대 중후반부터 나타나기 시작한 문화연구의 '소비로의 전환'은 문화연구를 신수정주의로 부르게 만든 결정적인 요소의 하나지만, 한국에서는 비판적 문제의식의 단절로 읽혀져 문화연구에 대한 끊임없는 정체성 논란을 불러일으켰다. 그러나 정작 정치경제학은 자신이 중시하는 생산(과정)/구조에 대해서도 많은 연구를 내지 못했고, 문화연구 역시 이 부문에서는 무관심으로 대응했다. 국면주의는 문화연구가 현실에 개입하는 유력한 방식이지만 초기의 연구 외에는 후속연구가 그다지 활발하지 못해 이론화 수준이 높지 않고, 한국에서의 연구 또한 아직은 많은 논란을 안고 있어 성과 여부가 불투명하다. 비판연구가 가진 저항성의 문제는 운동론에서 두드러지는데, 이 글에서는 문화연구의 특징이 잘 배어 있는 소수자문화운동론에 대한 검토를 통해 사회적 배치의 여전한 중요성을 강조했다. 미래의 방향에서는 일부 논자들이 제안한 바 있는 문화연구와 정치경제학의 화합 가능성을 긍정적으로 검토했고, 이의 근저에 있는 근대주의/탈근대주의 합의의 가능성과 필요성 역시 차이를 인정하면서도 결합의 가능성도 놓치지 않는 '복합적 합의'를 하나의 대안으로 제시했다. 마지막으로 '시공간의 재조직', '소비자본주의', '문화적 시민권'(또는 '문화적 공론장'), '생산문화', '시민/소비자', '차별화/차이', '공영방송의 미래' 등을 양측이 서로 경(결)합할 수 있는 공감대가 큰 연구주제로 꼽았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6261-6265
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• 2013

Background: Recent studies have suggested that expression of the RAS protein activator like-1 gene (RASAL1) is decreased in gastric carcinoma tissues and cell lines, indicated a role in tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer. Reduced expression of RASAL1 could result in aberrant increase of activity of RAS signaling pathways in cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism which induces down-regulation of the RASAL1 gene remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the methylation status and regulation of RASAL1 in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), the methylation status of CpG islands in the RASAL1 promoter in gastric cancers and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 40 patients was assessed and its clinicopathological significance was analyzed. The methylation status of RASAL1 in gastric cancer lines MKN-28, SGC-790l, BGC-823, as well as in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-l was also determined after treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-doexycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). RAS activity (GAS-GTP) was assessed through a pull-down method, while protein levels of ERK1/2, a downstream molecule of RAS signaling pathways, were determined by Western blotting. Results: The frequencies of RASAL1 promoter methylation in gastric cancer and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues were 70% (28/40) and 30% (12/40) respectively (P<0.05). There were significantly correlations between RASAL1 promoter methylation with tumor differentiation, tumor size, invasive depth and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (all P<0.05), but no correlation was found for age or gender. Promoter hypermethylation of the RASAL1 gene was detected in MKN-28, SGC-790l and BGC-823 cancer cells, but not in the normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Elevated expression of the RASAL1 protein, a decreased RAS-GTP and p-ERK1/2 protein were detected in three gastric cancer cell lines after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. Conclusions: Aberrant hypermethylation of the RASAL1 gene promoter frequently occurs in gastric cancer tissues and cells. In addition, the demethylating agent 5-Aza-CdR can reverse the hypermethylation of RASAL1 gene and up-regulate the expression of RASAL1 significantly in gastric cancer cells in vivo. Our study suggests that RASAL1 promoter methylation may have a certain relationship with the reduced RASAL1 expression in gastric cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2010

Background: Acyl protein thioesterase-1 (APT1) is a cytosolic protein that may function in the depalmitoylation of numerous proteins, including the Ras family. However, the clinical role of depalmitoyl thioesterase in human cancer is not known. We evaluated the APT1 expression in lung cancer tissue and its clinicopathological findings according APT1 expression pattern. Methods: APT1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in the tumor tissue from 79 patients, who had undergone curative surgical removal of the primary lesion; all patients had been diagnosed with stage I non-small cell lung cancer between 1993 and 2004, at Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Results: The APT1 expression was seen in 50 out of 79 (63.3%) cases. The positive APT1 expression was significantly related with histologic subtype and T stage, but was not influenced by differentiation. The positive APT1 expression was not significantly related to patient age, gender, or smoking history. The median follow-up duration was 10.0 years; the 5-year survival rate was 71.0%. The positive APT1 expression group showed significantly worse overall survival and worse disease-free survival without statistical significance. Conclusion: We conclude that positive APT1 expression in stage I lung cancer after surgery is closely associated with overall survival. To evaluate APT1 as a prognostic marker in lung cancer, comprehensive studies on advanced stage cases are needed.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.57-101
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• 2002

These days, the environment of hospital marketing is changing rapidly. The level of expectation and demand of patients have become greater and more diversified, and patients have more alternatives in selecting hospitals. The standard of hospital selection and the type of using hospital have been changed, and competition among hospitals has been accelerated due to the opening of the medical market through globalization. Accordingly, differentiation strategies are critical in hospital marketing. The quality of medical service oriented toward patient satisfaction becomes a strong strategic weapon to secure a hospital's competitive advantage. Therefore, marketing and communication strategies should be focused on patient-oriented, rather than hospital-oriented. Considering the changes in the hospital environment and the increase in the patients' expectation level, this study categorizes doctors' communication styles into four different ones: trust-type, professional-type, cooperation-type, and control-type. The effects of these communication styles on patient satisfaction were empirically examined. The moderating roles of the patient's characteristics and clinical characteristics between the doctors' communication styles and patient satisfaction were also investigated to find out managerial implications for hospital management. To achieve such goals, data were collected from patients of 12 general hospitals in Busan. The data were analyzed to test research hypotheses that examine 1) the relationships between doctors' communication styles and patient satisfaction, 2) the moderating roles of the patient characteristics and clinical characteristics in the research model, and 3) the impact of patient satisfaction on positive word-of-mouth and repurchase. The following summarizes the major results of this research. First, the data showed that patient satisfaction varied across doctors' communication styles. Trust-type style had the strongest impact on patient satisfaction while control-type style had the weakest influence on patient satisfaction. Professional-type style and cooperation-type style also had positive effects on patient satisfaction but the impact of the two are not statistically different. Second, significant differences in terms of patient satisfaction were found depending upon demographic variables such as gender, marital status, age, occupation, and education. Patient satisfaction, however, was consistent across varying income groups. Third, patients' medical insurance types were also related to patient satisfaction. It implies that a doctor may need to use different communication styles depending on a patient's medical insurance type. Fourth, out-patient and in-patient showed a different level of satisfaction with varying communication styles. Fifth, highly professional knowledge and strong control can influence patient satisfaction depending on the characteristics of the patient treatment field. Sixth, patient satisfaction were proved to have significantly positive effects on word-of-mouth and repurchase. The implications drawn from this study must be tempered by its limitations. First of all, the subjects used in this study were patients in Busan and small- and medium-size hospitals were excluded from the research. Therefore, future research should examine the research model by using a variety of hospitals and clinics throughout Korea. Another research agenda has to do with finding more determinant and moderating variables which will increase an explanatory power of the model. In short, this study may be the first empirical research that investigates the effects of doctors' communication styles on patient satisfaction. Interestingly enough, the results showed that each communication style had a unique impact on patient satisfaction. The findings from this research can be very useful in developing hospital marketing strategies.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2017

Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) is a retrotransposon that contains a CpG island in its 5'-untranslated region. The CpG island of LINE-1 is often heavily methylated in normal somatic cells, which is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. DNA methylation can differ between formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and frozen tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the LINE-1 methylation status between the two tissue-storage conditions in gastric cancer (GC) clinical samples and to evaluate whether LINE-1 can be used as an independent prognostic marker for each tissue-storage type. We analyzed four CpG sites of LINE-1 and examined the methylation levels at these sites in 25 FFPE and 41 frozen GC tissues by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. The LINE-1 methylation status was significantly different between the FFPE and frozen GC tissues (p < 0.001). We further analyzed the clinicopathological features in the two groups separately. In the frozen GC tissues, LINE-1 was significantly hypomethylated in GC tissues compared to their corresponding normal gastric mucosa tissues (p < 0.001), and its methylation status was associated with gender, differentiation state, and lymphatic and venous invasion of GC. In the FFPE GC tissues, the methylation levels of LINE-1 differed according to tumor location and venous invasion of GC. In conclusion, LINE-1 can be used as a useful methylation marker for venous invasion in both FFPE and frozen tumor tissues of GC.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2023

이전 연구에서 83명의 한국인 폐선암 환자의 차세대 염기서열 분석법(next generation sequencing, NGS) 분석 결과 돌연변이 빈도가 높은 상위 5개 유전자 TP53 (60%), EGFR (48%), KRAS (14%), PIK3CA (8%), CDKN2A (6%)를 확인했다. 본연구는 NGS 분석을 이용하여 최근 한국인의 폐선암에서 돌연변이 발생 빈도가 높은 상위 5개 유전자에 대한 돌연변이 핫스팟을 분석하여 폐선암을 유발하는 새로운 표지자를 확인하고자 했으며 가장 많은 돌연변이가 발생한 TP53 유전자의 돌연변이 유형과 패턴을 폐암의 주요 원인인 흡연과의 연관성을 분석했으며 TP53 P72R SNP가 발생한 폐선암 환자의 임상병리학적 특성을 분석하고자 했다. TP53, EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, CDKN2A의 돌연변이 핫스팟을 분석한 결과 이전에 보고된 결과와 일치했으나 TP53의 경우 약간의 차이를 나타냈다. TP53 돌연변이 핫스팟은 DBD에 집중하여 발생하는 점은 기존 연구 결과와 같았으나 코돈 72에서 발생하는 높은 돌연변이 빈도는 이전에 보고된 연구 결과와 다르게 나타났다. TP53 돌연변이가 발생한 폐선암 환자의 임상 특성을 분석한 결과 남성보다 여성, 흡연자보다 비흡연자에게 더 많이 발생했다. 또한, TP53 돌연변이 유형은 흡연 여부와 상관없이 전환의 비율이 가장 높았으며 전환 또는 결실 그리고 전환과 결실이 동시에 발생하는 비율이 전이의 발생 비율보다 높게 나타났다. 한국인의 폐선암 증례에서 흡연 여부와 상관없이 가장 발생 빈도가 높은 돌연변이 핫스팟은 TP53 코돈 72 뉴클레오타이드 염기가 C에서 G로의 전환되어 아미노산이 proline에서 arginine으로 치환되는 TP53 P72R SNP 발생 비율이 가장 높게 나타났다. TP53 P72R SNP가 발생한 폐선암 증례들의 임상병리학적 특성을 분석한 결과 환자의 연령, 성별, 흡연 유무 그리고 종양의 분화도와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았지만 낮은 병기와 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다(P-value=0.026). 본연구는 NGS를 통해 한국인의 폐선암에서 돌연변이 발생 빈도가 가장 많이 보고되었던 EGFR이 아닌 TP53의 증가를 확인했고 그중에서도 흡연 여부와 관계없이 TP53 P72R SNP의 발생 빈도가 가장 높음을 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-85
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• 2016

본 연구는 교우관계와 다문화수용성, 그리고 교사관계와 다문화수용성의 종단적 관계를 분석하였다. 분석 자료로는 한국청소년정책연구원(NYPI)의 한국아동·청소년 패널조사(KCYPS) 데이터 중 2011~2013년에 조사한 중1패널 2차년도 데이터(중학교 2학년), 중1패널 3차년도 데이터(중학교 3학년), 중1패널 4차년도 데이터(고등학교 1학년)를 사용하였다(N=2,178). 종속변수를 다문화수용성으로 설정하고, 독립변수를 교우관계와 교사관계로 설정한 뒤 다변량 잠재성장모형을 적용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 교우관계, 교사관계, 다문화수용성의 수준은 시간의 흐름에 따라 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 종단적 관계에서 교우관계는 다문화수용성에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 나타냈다. 즉 친구와의 관계가 원활할수록 다문화수용성의 수준도 높아졌다. 셋째, 종단적 관계에서 교사관계는 다문화수용성에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 나타냈다. 즉 교사와의 관계가 좋아질수록 다문화수용성의 수준도 높아졌다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 결과를 통해 횡단적 분석이 주를 이뤘던 이전 연구들과의 차별성을 두었고, 다문화수용성의 함양을 위한 교육적 시사점을 제공하였다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-54
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• 2019

멜로드라마는 근대 초기 계몽주의 시대에 탄생한 이래 현재까지 다양한 문화와 매체를 넘나들며 유동하고 있다. 따라서 멜로드라마의 분화 원리와 변화의 방향성을 온전하게 파악하기 위해서는 멜로드라마의 형성과정에 대한 발생론적 접근이 필요하다. 이런 점에서 본 논문은 프랑스혁명을 전후한 시점을 중심으로 근대 멜로드라마의 형성과정과 그 미학적 특질을 고찰했다. 18세기 말 19세기 초에 형성된 근대 멜로드라마는 자율적인 시민성을 요구하면서도 시민으로서의 여성을 인정하지 않았던 근대적 상상력의 역설과 프랑스혁명의 정치적 모순이 교차하는 지점에서 탄생됐다. 근대 멜로드라마에 재현된 여성의 희생과 눈물의 미학은 분열과 위기에 처한 사회를 구원하기 위해 여성을 도덕적 도상으로 미화함으로써 타락한 사회를 회복하려는 정치적 열망이며, 여성 배제의 정치에 내포된 성차별적 폭력성을 은폐하기 위한 감정의 조율이었다. 근대 멜로드라마에 재현된 여성의 희생과 눈물의 미학은 오랫동안 도덕적 위선의 연극, 저급한 통속극이라는 부정적인 평가로 일관돼왔다. 그러나 1970년대 '서크멜로'에서 여성과 인종, 계급을 포괄한 '약자의 희생과 눈물의 미학'으로 전환함에 따라 멜로드라마에 대한 학문적 관심이 증폭됐다. 각종 사회문제와 국가적 재난, 전지구적 재앙이 일상화되는 불확실성의 시대로 접어든 현대사회에 이르러 '여성의 희생과 눈물의 미학'은 성차를 넘어서 다종·다양한 희생자 서사로 전환되는 추세이다. 최근 멜로드라마의 이론적 추이에 대한 고찰과 더불어 구체적인 작품 분석에 대한 연구는 후속 과제로 남기고자 한다.