• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.81-84
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• 2021

Collagen, which accounts for one-third of human protein, is reduced due to human aging, and much attention is focused on making collagen into food to prevent such aging. Gel permeation chromatography with Reflective Index (RI) detection (GPC/RI) was chosen as the most suitable instrument to confirm molecular weight distribution, and we explored the use of this technique for analysis of collagen peptide molecular sizes and distributions. Data reliability was verified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis. The data were considered meaningful for comparative analysis of molecular weight distribution patterns.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.603-608
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• 2001

$MO-SiO_2$ (M = Zn, Sn, In, Ag, Ni) binary silica gels were synthesized by sol-gel method and their structural change with the kind of metal ions was characterized by XRD, FT- IR and $^{29}$Si-NMR. Although X-ray analysis showed partial recrystallization of $AgNO_3$ in $Ag-SiO_2$gel, crystalline phase formed by the bonding between metal ion and the silica matrix didn't appear in all $MO-SiO_2$ gels. The FT-IR analysis showed that Zn, Sn and in partially formed Si-O-M bonding in silica matrix and made an shift of absorption peak to by Si-O-Si symmetrical vibration. In addition, $^{29}Si-NMR$ studies showed that Zn, Sn and In didn't affect sol-gel process of silica and were linked with non-bridging oxygen of the linear silica structure, which formed imperfect network because of low temperature sol-gel process. Ag and Ni make a role of catalysis on sol-gel process, resulting in densifying the silica network structure.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1262-1267
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• 1999

Optimum reaction conditions for gel formation of rapeseed, Brassica napus, protein catalyzed by microbial TGase(transglutaminase) were evaluated by measuring breaking strength and deformation of gel. The polymerization of the protein gel was ascertained by SDS-PAGE and content of GL crosslinking$[{\varepsilon}-({\gamma}-glutamyl)lysine]$. In the reaction between rapeseed protein and TGase at $45^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, the breaking strength and deformation of the gel was the maximum at the ratio of 1 : 40 of enzyme to substrate. 10%(w/v) of rapeseed protein concentrate was optimum for gel production. The maximum breaking strength and deformation was shown at $45^{\circ}C$ The breaking strength increased linearly up to 90 min of the reaction time and remained unchanged. The breaking strength and deformation by TGase treatment was pH dependent and pH 7 was optimum for 10% rapeseed protein solution. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that new band of highmolecular polymers were formed by the enzyme reaction, with disappearing the original bands of rapeseed protein. According to HPLC analysis. the content of GL crosslinking was increased from 0 to $7.14\;{\mu}mol/g$ gel for 90 min of the reaction time.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.372-378
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of mungbean starch gels that were prepared with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of peach seed powders (PSP), which exhibit antioxidant characteristics. Mungbean starch gel samples were prepared and subjected to quality characteristics such as moisture content, general components, color, texture profile analysis, total polyphenol contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and sensory qualities. The L-value and the a-value for color decreased significantly, whereas the b-value increased significantly as the PSP concentration increased (p<0.05). In the texture profile analysis, the mungbean starch gel with 1.5% PSP showed significantly lower degrees of hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness (p<0.05). The total polyphenol content was highest in the 1.5% PSP to which mungbean starch gel was added, which also showed a higher than 70% DPPH radical scavenging activity level in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). In the sensory test of the mungbean starch gel, its sensory scores for flavor and taste were highest in the 0.5% PSP to which mungbean starch gel was added.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.349-358
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the Freeze Dried Bone Allograft and Demineralized Bone Matrix on osseous regeneration in the rat calvarial defects. Methods: Eight mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created in the 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 20 animals each. The defects were treated with Freeze Dried Bone Allograft($SureOss^{TM}$), Demineralized Bone Matrix($ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty), or were left untreated for sham-surgery control and were evaluated by histologic and histomorphometric parameters following a 2 and 8 week healing intervals. Statistical analysis was done between each groups and time intervals with ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: Defect closure, New bone area, Augmented area in the $SureOss^{TM}$, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty groups were significantly greater than in the sham-surgery control group at each healing interval(P < 0.05). In the New bone area and Defect closure, there were no significant difference between experimental groups. Augmented area in the $ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty groups were significantly greater than $SureOss^{TM}$ group at 2weeks(P < 0.05), however there was no significant difference at 8 weeks. Conclusions: All of $SureOss^{TM}$, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Gel, $ExFuse^{TM}$ Putty groups showed significant new bone formation and augmentation in the calvarial defect model.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.175-179
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• 2016

In this study, we evaluated the reusable leuco malachite green (LMG) micelle gel properties dependent on various components of chemical concentration and compared with leuco crystal violet (LCV). The gels were delivered to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy at 6 MV photon beam from linear accelerator and analyzed using spectrophotometry. We confirmed that the reusable LMG and LVC absorbance wavelength peak were made up at 630 nm and 600 nm respectively. The transparency of reusable LMG decreased with higher amount of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and lower reusable LMG dyes. 1 mM reusable LMG was the lowest transparency. The sensitivity was increased depending on lower trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) concentrations and the amount of suitable surfactant (Triton X-100), which was found to be 7 mM. However, we were not able to investigate sensitivity effects factor from reusable LMG dyes. The gel dosimeter containing 16 mM TCAA, 7 mM Triton X-100 gel dosimeter showed the highest sensitivity at $0.0021{\pm}0.0001cm^{-1}.Gy^{-1}$. The sensitivity of LCV was found to be higher than reusable LMG at $0.0037{\pm}0.0005cm^{-1}.Gy^{-1}$. The reusable LMG and LCV dose responses were shown to be $R^2=0.997$, $R^2=0.999$ respectively, as stable measurement results. Future research is necessary to improve dose sensitivity, dose rate dependency and gel fading with extensive chemical formulations.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2006

The noble method of hybrid agarose gel microstamp fabricated by replica molding against PDMS master to make bacteria patterns on agar surface was presented. After the fabricated hybrid agarose gel microstamp was inked with E. coli, we could obtain 2 dimensional bacterial arrays with $50{\mu}m$ circular spots. And the various shaped patterns based on experimental design were easily generated. The analysis of mean fluorescent signal was showed that bacterial pattern have high contrast between spots and background and homogeneity of pattern. Our proposed method solved the problem of wetting and handling with small soft agarose gel microstamp when bacteria were used for ink. The agarose gel stamp provides appropriate environment to inked bacteria, which is essential technology for cell patterning with high retaining viability during the patterning process. This method is reproducible, convenient, rapid, and could be applied to screening system, study of cell-surface interaction, and microbial ecology.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.3 s.106
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• pp.323-328
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• 2006

Proteins in a cell appear as spots in a two dimensional gel image which is used in protein analysis. The spots from the same protein are in near position when comparing two gel images. Finding out the different proteins between a normal tissue and a cancer one is important information in drug development. Automatic matching of gel images is difficult because they are made from biological experimental processes. This matching problem is known to be NP-hard. Neural networks are usually used to solve such NP-hard problems. Hopfield neural network is selected since it is appropriate to solve the gel matching. An energy function with location and distance parameters is defined. The two spots which make the energy function minimum are matching spots and they came from the same protein. The energy function is designed to reflect the topology of spots by examining not only the given spot but also neighborhood spots.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of metronidazole 25% dental gel that was applied to periodontal pockets who have moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis were selected for this study. The quadrants that had 2 or 3teeth with 5-8mm probing pocket depth were selected and divided into test side and control side according to the split-mouth design. The metronidazole 25% dental gel applied on test side and 0.12% chlorhexidine solution applicated on positive control side, normal saline irrigation into periodontal pocket was applicated to negative control side respectively. Above procedures followed scaling and root planing at baseline(0week). The subgingival sterile saline irrigation and chlorhexidine irrigation were done for about 30 seconds respectively. The metronidazole 25% dental gel was applied to periodontal pocket at 0,1 week in the test side. The clinical and microbiological analysis carried out at baseline(0week) and 4,8 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in the test group. The relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced to negative control group and the proportion of cocci was correspondingly increased in the test group. 2. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in metronidazole group. and, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. Also, the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were reduced in both group. And, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. In conclusion, application of metronidazole 25% dental gel as an adjunct to mechanical debridement of root surfaces may improved the clinical and microbiological status of periodontal disease sites.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.7-16
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• 2021

Purpose: The I-gel device is Korea's most frequently used airway management method during pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to compare changes in ventilation volume according to the fixation method with a simulated manikin. Methods: We placed I-gel into an advanced life support simulator and compared tape and band fixation conditions. CPR was performed according to the 2020 Korean CPR guidelines, using a mechanical chest compression device and an adult bag. The positional shift of I-gel and the ventilation volume of the simulated manikin were measured after performing CPR for 20 minutes. Five trials were carried out in each setting. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 27.0. P < .05 was considered significant. Results: Positional shift after 20 minutes of CPR was as follows: tape fixation, 7.2 ± 0.2 mm; band fixation, no change, indicating a significant difference between the two groups (p=.003). The mean ventilation volume was tape fixation, 482.63 ± 30.84 mL; band fixation, 544.96 ± 22.98 mL, showing a significant difference (p=.002). Conclusion: When using the I-gel during pre-hospital CPR, using a band-type fixing device with elasticity rather than fixing the tape provides stable and appropriate ventilation by maintaining the fixed position.