• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

Bioavailability of ipriflavone (3-phenyl-7-isopropoxy-4H-I-benzopyran-4-one, IP), an antiosteoporotic drug with poor water-solubility, was studied for various types of pharmaceutical preparation in SD rats. The IP preparation types included (1) intact IP, (2) freezer milled IP (FIP), (3) freezer milled IP physically mixed with freezer milled poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (FIP+FPVP) and (4) spray-dried IP with PVP (SIP). Upon oral administration, SIP showed significantly higher absorption and elimination half-lives and the lag time $(t_{lag})$ than those of FIP+FPVP (approximately 2-fold). These results may be due to a sustained releasing effect of IP in the gastrointestinal tract by spray-drying with PVP. The $C_{max}$ of SIP was about 2 and 10 times higher than those of FIP+FPVP and FIP, respectively. The AUC of SIP was about 6 times higher than that of FIP+FPVP and 60 times that of FIP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that SIP consisted of the finest particle size and minimal aggregation than other IP preparations. It is concluded that the IP formula prepared by the spray-drying method with PVP is the most effective approach to the improvement of bioavailability of IP.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2015

Purpose: Gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) located very close to the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) are a challenge for gastric surgeons. Therefore, this study reports on the experience of using endoscopic and laparoscopic full-thickness resection (ELFR) with laparoscopic two-layer suturing in such tumors. Materials and Methods: Six patients with gastric SMTs very close to the EGJ underwent ELFR with laparoscopic two-layer suturing at Kyungpook National University Medical Center. With the patient under general anesthesia, the lesser curvature and posterior aspect adjacent to the EGJ were meticulously dissected and visualized using a laparoscopic approach. A partially circumferential full-thickness incision at the distal margin of the tumor was then made using an endoscopic approach under laparoscopic guidance. The SMT was resected using laparoscopic ultrasonic shears, and the gastric wall was closed using two-layer suturing. Thereafter, the patency and any leakage were checked through endoscopy. Results: All the ELFR procedures with laparoscopic two-layer suturing were performed successfully without an open conversion. The mean operation time was $139.2{\pm}30.9$ minutes and the blood loss was too minimal to be measured. The tumors from four patients were leiomyomas, while the tumors from the other two patients were gastrointestinal stromal tumors with clear resection margins. All the patients started oral intake on the third postoperative day. There was no morbidity or mortality. The mean hospital stay was $7.7{\pm}0.8$ days. Conclusions: ELFR with laparoscopic two-layer suturing is a safe treatment option for patients with an SMT close to the EGJ, as major resection of the stomach is avoided.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2011

The present study was to investigate the effect of glipizide on the pharmacokinetics of losartan in rats. Losartan was administered intravenously (3 mg/kg) and orally (9 mg/kg) in the presence and absence of glipizide (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) to rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of losartan were significantly altered by the presence of glipizide compared with the control group (given losartan alone). Presence of glipizide significantly (p<0.05, 0.3 mg/kg) increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of losartan by 48.2% and peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) of losartan by 47.4%. Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (AB%) of losartan in the presence of glipizide was 38%, which was enhanced significantly (p<0.05) compared to that in the oral control group (25%). The relative bioavailability (RB%) of losartan increased by 1.18- to 1.48-fold in the presence of glipizide. However, there was no significant change in the peak plasma concentration ($T_{max}$) and terminal half-life ($T_{1/2}$) of losartan in the presence of glipizide. In contrast, glipizide did not affect the pharmacokinetics of intravenous losartan. In conclusion, the presence of glipizide significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of losartan, implying that glipizide might be mainly to inhibit the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9-mediated metabolism, resulting in reducing gastrointestinal and/or hepatic first-pass metabilism of losartan rather than in reducing P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux and renal elimination of losartan. Concurrent use of glipizide with losartan should require close monitoring for potential drug interactions.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2015

Background: Gut microflora play a crucial role in the biotransformation of ginsenosides to compound K (CK), which may affect the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Prebiotics, such as NUTRIOSE, could enhance the formation and consequent absorption of CK through the modulation of gut microbial metabolic activities. In this study, the effect of a prebiotic fiber (NUTRIOSE) on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside CK, a bioactive metabolite of ginsenosides, and its mechanism of action were investigated. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given control or NUTRIOSE-containing diets (control diet + NUTRIOSE) for 2 wk, and ginseng extract or vehicle was then orally administered. Blood samples were collected to investigate the pharmacokinetics of CK using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Fecal activities that metabolize ginsenoside Rb1 to CK were assayed with fecal specimens or bacteria cultures. Results: When ginseng extract was orally administered to rats fed with 2.5%, 5%, or 10% NUTRIOSE containing diets, the maximum plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve values of CK significantly increased in a NUTRIOSE content-dependent manner. NUTRIOSE intake increased glycosidase activity and CK formation in rat intestinal contents. The CK-forming activities of intestinal microbiota cultured in vitro were significantly induced by NUTRIOSE. Conclusion: These results show that prebiotic diets, such as NUTRIOSE, may promote the metabolic conversion of ginsenosides to CK and the subsequent absorption of CK in the gastrointestinal tract and may potentiate the pharmacological effects of ginseng.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 1998

This study was analyzed through the reports which published on the subject matter of Su Dong-Myun from 1994 to 1997 and the medical record of patient in Su-Dong Myun health subcenter. The result are as follow: 1. The number of population in Su-Dong Myun(study area) was 5,475 in 1994, 5,707 in 1995, 6,079 in 1996 and 6,253 in 1997. In composition rate of population, "65 and over" of age group only showed markedly increasing tendancy from 9.8% in l995 to 10.2% in 1997. However, the rest of all age group showed decreasing tendancy. 2. Annual utilization rate showed decreasing tendancy, such as 247 in 1994. 203 in 1995, 146 in 1996, and 140 in 1997 per 1000 population. But visiting time is increasing tendency, such as 3.1 in 1994, 2.8 in 1995. 2.4 in 1996 and 3.4 in 1997 per disease case. 3. Age specific annual utilization rate, all age showed decreasing tendancy in the age group of "0-14", "15-44" and "45-64", however showed increasing tendency in the age group of "65 and over" from 1994 to 1997. 4. The major disease were disease of Respiratory system. Gastrointestinal system. Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue. Skin and Subcutaneous tissue and Circulatory system The disease of Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue and Circulatory system are increasing.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.548-557
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of insoluble dietary fibers from pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) inner bark powder (PIBP) on loperamide constipation in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered PIBP in their diets at concentrations of 5% and 10% for 4 weeks. Rats were divided in to four groups, normal diet group (Cont), a normal diet and loperamide group (Lop), 5% PIBP experimental diet and loperamide group (Lop+PIBP 5%), and 10% PIBP experimental diet and loperamide group (Lop+PIBP 10%). Constipation was induced by oral administration of loperamide (2 mg/kg, twice per day) for the last three days of the experiment. Food intake, body weight, properties of feces, gastrointestinal transit time, and serum lipid profiles were measured. When compared with the normal diet and loperamide group (Lop), there were increases in fecal pellet number (p<0.05), wet weight (p<0.001), and water content (p<0.001). Positive results were derived from relevant indicators to improve constipation. In addition, the number of fecal pellets in the colon was not significant, and decreased as PIBP content increased. PIBP had a concentration-dependent effect on reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides and elevation of HDL-cholesterol. These results indicate that PIBP may effectively prevent constipation.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

Fundoplication is a common surgical procedure for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Recently the procedure has been performed with increased frequency laparoscopically. The aim of this study is to review our 11 years experience with fundoplication in infants and children. From October 1994 to December 2005, 59 fundoplications in 55 patients were performed at Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Medical Center. Medical records and laboratory results of these children were retrospectively reviewed for sex, age, symptoms and signs, coexisting disease, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities and length of operative time. Open fundoplication was performed in 41 cases and laparoscopic fundoplication in 18 cases. Simultaneous gastrostomy was done in 27 cases. Recurrent GERD symptom occurred in four patients (7.2 %) within 2 years after first fundoplication and all 4 patients had re-do fundoplication. There were no intra- and immediate post-operative complications. Gastrointesitnal symptoms were the most common indication for fundoplication in neurologically normal patients. The most frequent diagnostic studies were upper gastrointestinal series (76.3 %) and 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring (78.2 %). Fundoplication had been increased since 2004 and mostly done laparoscopically. In conclusion, our 11 years' practice of open and laparoscopic fundoplication indicates that both approaches are safe and effective in the treatment of GERD for infants and children.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1229-1237
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to address the working conditions of home health nurses through a nationwide home health agency survey conducted at hospitals. Method: The mail surveys were sent to 303 home health nurses nation wide and returned with a response rate of $71.8\%$. Result: (a) Seventy-five percent of home health agencies were established within the past5 years and half of home health nurses are over 40 years old. (b) Working conditions were considered as follows: Seventy-one percent of respondents were full-time employees, sixty-sixpercent of home health nurses had unscheduled visits on a regular day of duty and forty-eight percent were on vacation. Fifty-one percent of home health nurses have experienced traffic accidents and paid. penalties ($65.9\%$). Self-reported monthly income level per year was an average of 28,364,000 won. (c) Rates were significantly higher for shoulder pain ($61.5\%$), lower back pain ($54.1\%$), knee pain ($39.4\%$), and gastrointestinal problems ($33.0\%$). Conclusion: These baseline results show the importance of improving home health nursing working conditions, a comprehensive prevention system and safeguards from physical discomfort.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

Background: Surgical enucleation is the treatment of choice for esophageal submucosal tumors (SMTs) with symptomatic, larger, or ill-defined lesions. The enucleation of SMTs has traditionally been performed via thoracotomy. However, minimally invasive approaches have recently been introduced and successfully applied. In this study, we present our experiences with the thoracotomic and thoracoscopic approaches to treating SMTs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients with SMTs who underwent surgical enucleation between August 1996 and July 2013. Demographic and clinical features, tumor-related factors, the surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: There were 36 males (67.9%) and 17 females (32.1%); the mean age was $49.2{\pm}11.8$ years (range, 16 to 79 years). Histology revealed leiomyoma in 51 patients, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in one patient, and schwannoma in one patient. Eighteen patients (34.0%) were symptomatic. Fourteen patients underwent a planned thoracotomic enucleation. Of the 39 patients for whom a thoracoscopic approach was planned, six patients required conversion to thoracotomy because of overly small tumors or poor visualization in five patients and accidental mucosal injury in one patient. No mortality or major postoperative complications occurred. Compared to thoracotomy, the thoracoscopic approach had a slightly shorter operation time, but this difference was not statistically significant ($120.0{\pm}45.6$ minutes vs. $161.5{\pm}71.1$ minutes, p=0.08). A significant difference was found in the length of the hospital stay ($9.0{\pm}3.2$ days vs. $16.5{\pm}5.4$ days, p<0.001). Conclusion: The thoracoscopic enucleation of submucosal esophageal tumors is safe and is associated with a shorter length of hospital stay compared to thoracotomic approaches.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2015

This study describes the first record of Globocephalus samoensis (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) recovered in wild boars from southwestern regions of Korea. Gastrointestinal tracts of 111 Korean wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus) hunted from mountains in Suncheon-si, Gwangyang-si, and Boseong-gun between 2009 and 2012 were examined for their visceral helminths. G. samoensis, as identified by morphological characteristics of the head and tail, were recovered from the small intestine of 51 (45.9%) wild boars. Worms were found from 7 of 28 wild boars (25.0%) from Suncheon-si, 40 of 79 (50.6%) from Gwangyang-si, and all 4 (100%) from Boseong-gun. The length of adult females was $7.2{\pm}0.5mm$, and the thickest part of the body measured the average $0.47{\pm}0.03mm$, while those of males were $6.52{\pm}0.19$ and $0.37{\pm}0.02mm$, respectively. The buccal cavity was equipped with a pair of large and bicuspid subventral lancets near the base of the capsule. The average length of spicules of males was $0.45{\pm}0.02mm$. By the present study, G. samoensis is recorded for the first time in southwestern regions of Korea. Additionally, morphological characteristics and identification keys provided in the present study will be helpful in the faunistic and taxonomic studies for strongylid nematodes in both domestic and wild pigs. The infection of G. samoensis apparently did not elicit pathologic lesions, as revealed by macroscopic observation during the autopsy of all wild boars in this study.