• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.399-405
• /
• 2000

We have synthesized a novel platinum (II) coordination complex containing trans-ι-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) as a leaving group. In addition, nitrate was added to improve the water-solubility. A new series of [Pt (trans-ι-DACH) (DPPE)].2NO$_3$(PC) was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. PC has demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity against MKN-45/S, MKN-45/ADR and MKN-45/CDDP cells. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells, and human renal cortical tissues, determined using the MTT assaying technique, the ($^3$H)-thymidine uptake and the glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.43-45
• /
• 2012

Mesenteric pseudocyst is rare. This term is used to describe the abdominal cystic mass, without the origin of abdominal organ. We presented a case of mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in a 70-year-old man. Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy showed a 3.5 cm sized excavated lesion on the posterior wall of angle. Endocopic biopsy confirmed a histologic diagnosis of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which includes the signet ring cell component. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a focal mucosal enhancement in the posterior wall of angle of the stomach, a 2.4 cm sized enhancing mass on the distal small bowel loop, without distant metastases or ascites in rectal shelf, and multiple gallbladder stones. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy, segmental resection of the small bowel, and cholecystectomy. The final pathological diagnosis was mesenteric pseudocyst. This is the first case report describing incidentally detected mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in gastric cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.283-291
• /
• 1999

We have synthesized novel platinum (II) coordination complex containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) as leaving group. Furthermore, nitrate was added to improve the water-solubility. A new series of [Pt(cis-DACH)(DPPE)] $2NO_3(PC)$ was evaluated its antitumor activity on various MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-lines and normal primary cultured kidney cells. The new platinum complex demonstrated high efficacy in the cytotoxicity on MKN-45 cell-lines as well as adriamycin-resistant (MKN-45/ADR) and cisplatin-resistant (MKN-45/CDDP) cells. The cytotoxicities of PC were found quite less than those of cisplatin in rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells and human renal cortical tissues using MTT assay, $[^3H]-thymidine$ uptake and glucose consumption tests. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) coordination complex, was considered as better a valuable lead for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicities in the development of a new clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2001

Purpose: E-cadherin is an adhesion molecule essential for tight connection between cells, forming the cadherin/catenin complex. Truncated $\beta$-catenin disrupts the interaction between E-cadherin and $\alpha$-catenin, leading to the loss of intercellular adhesion. Met protein, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, plays important roles in signal transduction. We investigated the relationships between the expressions of E-cadherin, $\beta$-catenin, and c-met protein and the clinicopathological and prognostic parameters in gastric adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: The patterns of E-cadherin, $\beta$-catenin, and c-met protein expression were studied using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues from 76 surgically resected gastric adenocarcinomas. Results: Increased expressions of E-cadherin, $\beta$-catenin, and c-met were more significantly correlated in early gastric cancers (EGC) than in advanced gastric cancers (AGC) (P=0.002, P=0.003 and P=0.026). The positive immunoreactivities of all three markers were markedly lower in signet ring-cell type and poorly differentiated type lesions than in intestinal-type lesions. Decreased expression of the $\beta$-catenin protein correlated well with increased tumor invasion depth (P=0.039), and increased lymph node metastasis correlated well with reduced expression of c-met (P=0.046). Conclusion: In gastric cancers, reduced expressions of the E-cadherin, $\beta$-catenin, and c-met proteins may play some role in poorer tumor differentiation, deeper tumor invasion, and increased lymph node metastasis. Also, the c-met gene is thought to play a specific role in the mechanism of the yet unknown catenin action.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of fermented soybean using Ames test and cytotoxicity, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction (200 g/plate) of fermented soybean in the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain showed 86.6% of inhibition rate against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). In addition, the suppression of ethyl acetate fraction with same concentration of fermented soybean in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TAI00 strains showed 82.4% and 90.8% inhibition against 3-amino-l,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indol (Trp-P-l), respectively. The cytotoxicity effects of fermented soybean against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL ethyl acetate fraction of fermented soybean showed strong cytotoxicities of 71.6%, 91.5% and 80.7% against A549, AGS and MCF-7, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2005

[ $BARODON^{(R)}$ ] is a multi-purpose, high functional alkali solution made by mixing and liquid-ionizing silicon, calcium, sodium, borax, organic carbon chemicals and silver. In this study, we have investigated the apoptotic potential and mechanistic insights of $BARODON^{(R)}$ in human gastric cancer cell line (AGS cells). In MTT assay, $BARODON^{(R)}$ reduced cell viability in AGS cells. Morphological features of apoptosis with marked cytoplasmic vacuolation and appearance of apoptotic peaks in flow cytometry were observed in AGS cells with$BARODON^{(R)}$ treatment. In addition, $BARODON^{(R)}$ induced apoptosis of stomach cancer cell is related to bax up-regulation, caspase 7 protease activation and subsequent cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results suggest that BARODON can induce the apoptosis of AGS cells through modulation of bcl-2 family and the activation of intrinsic caspase cascades, indicating that it is potentially useful as a anti-cancer agent.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 2003

Purpose: Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the stomach account for only about $0.3\%$ of all gastric tumors. The prognosis of this disease is very poor compared with the common type of gastric adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the clinicopathologic features of 18 cases of this unusual gastric tumor and to establish a treatment strategy for this tumor. Materials and Methods: Excluding 2 cases of non-curative resection and 1 case of operative mortality, 18 cases of typical neuroendocrine carcinoma who had curative resection from January 1991 to December 2000 at Asan Medical Center were analyzed; 6841 gastric cancer patient were treated surgically during the same period. Results: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 58.6 years (range: $35\∼75$ yr). Sixteen patients were male, and two were female. Eleven tumors ($61.1\%$) developed in the lower part of the stomach, three ($16.7\%$) in the middle part, and three ($16.7\%$) in the upper part. One tumor involved the entire stomach. Eight cases ($44.4\%$) were Borrmann type 2, and six case ($33.3\%$) were Borrmann type 3. The mean tumor size was 6.94 cm (range: $0.6\∼15$ cm). Nine cases ($50\%$) showed recurrence of the disease, and eight of them died within 20 months. Of the nine recurred cases, 7 cases ($77.8\%$) showed liver metastasis. The mean disease-free interval was 6.8 months (range: $2.5\∼11$ months) after surgical resection, and the mean survival was 17.9 months (range: $8\∼40$ months) for recurrence cases. One patient with liver metastasis was treated with a liver-wedge resection just after diagnosis and was still alive for 37.5 months postoperatively. There were 9 deaths after the median follow- up period of 40 months (range: $8\∼72$ months). Conclusion: Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas frequently recur at the liver, even in early stage cancer, and have a poor prognosis. We experienced a case of successful control of hepatic metastasis by surgical resection and a case of a small cell carcinoma which was successfully controlled with systemic chemotherapy.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2003

To develop a functional chungkookjang; the anticancer effects of chungkookjangs prepared with different varieties of soybeans, starters, fermentation periods and seasoning additive ratios; were studied against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells using the MTT assay, at different stages chungkookjang processing. The chungkookjang samples exerted different antiproliferative effects according to the variety of soybeans used. The chungkookjangs manufactured with soybean var. manrikong exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against AGS human cancer cells. The chungkookjangs fermented with rice straw and B. licheniformis strongly inhibited the growth of the AGS human cancer cells. All fermented chungkookjangs had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of the cancer cells; however, the non-fermented soybean (chungkookjang) showed a low inhibition rate. The fermented chungkookjangs mixed with red pepper powder (RPP) and garlic exhibited strong antiproliferative effect against the cancer cells, and chungkookjang prepaved with 1.1 % RPP and 1.1 % garlic showed the highest cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. The functional chungkookjang fermented with soybean variety of manrikong and B. licheniformis for 3 days at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and then mixed with 7.9% salt, 1.l% RPP and 1.1% garlic, exhibited a higher antiproliferative effect than the chungkookjangs prepared by traditional or modified methods, according to the MTT assay. The functional chungkookjang exhibited a similar anticancer effect to the traditional doenjang. These results indicate that the fermentation period and the ratio of seasoning additives, as well as the variety of soybeans and starter cultures may affect the degree of the anticancer effect of chungkookjang.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.348-359
• /
• 2022

Gastric adenocarcinoma is among the top causes of cancer-related death and is one of the most commonly diagnosed carcinomas worldwide. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has been reported to inhibit the gastric cancer metastasis. In our previous study, BITC induced apoptosis in AGS cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of BITC on autophagy mechanism in AGS cells. First, the AGS cells were treated with 5, 10, or 15 μM BITC for 24 h, followed by an analysis of the autophagy mechanism. The expression level of autophagy proteins involved in different steps of autophagy, such as LC3B, p62/SQSTM1, Atg5-Atg12, Beclin1, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, and class III PI3K was measured in the BITC-treated cells. Lysosomal function was investigated using cathepsin activity and Bafilomycin A1, an autophagy degradation stage inhibitor. Methods including qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were employed to detect the protein expression levels. Acridine orange staining and omnicathepsin assay were conducted to analyze the lysosomal function. siRNA transfection was performed to knock down the LC3B gene. BITC reduced the level of autophagy protein such as Beclin 1, class III PI3K, and Atg5-Atg12. BITC also induced lysosomal dysfunction which was shown as reducing cathepsin activity, protein level of cathepsin, and enlargement of acidic vesicle. Overall, the results showed that the BITC-induced AGS cell death mechanism also comprises the inhibition of the cytoprotective autophagy at both initiation and degradation steps.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The incidence of lymph node metastasis has been reported to range from 2.6 to 4.8% in early stage gastric cancer with mucosal invasion (T1a cancer). Lymph node metastasis in early stage gastric cancer is known as an important predictive factor. We analyzed the prediction factors of lymph node metastasis in T1a cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 9,912 patients underwent radical gastrectomy due to gastric cancer from October 1994 to July 2006 in the Department Of Surgery at Samsung Medical Center. We did a retrospective analysis of 2,524 patients of these patients, ones for whom the cancer was confined within the mucosa. Results: Among the 2,524 patients, 57 (2.2%) were diagnosed with lymph node metastasis, and of these, cancer staging was as follows: 41 were N1, 8 were N2, and 8 were N3a. Univariate analysis of clinicopathological factors showed that the following factors were significant predictors of metastasis: tumor size larger than 4 cm, the presence of middle and lower stomach cancer, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma, diffuse type cancer (by the Lauren classification), and lymphatic invasion. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphatic invasion and tumor larger than 4 cm were significant factors with P<0.001 and P=0.024, respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of lymph node metastasis is extremely low in early gastric cancer with mucosal invasion. However, when lymphatic invasion is present or the tumor is larger than 4 cm, there is a greater likelihood of lymph node metastasis. In such cases, surgical treatments should be done to prevent disease recurrence.