Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Inhibition of Autophagy and Lysosomal Function in AGS Cells

  • Po, Wah Wah (College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Choi, Won Seok (College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Khing, Tin Myo (College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Yun (College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Jong Hyuk (College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Bang, Joon Seok (College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Min, Young Sil (Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University) ;
  • Jeong, Ji Hoon (College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, and Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Sohn, Uy Dong (College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2022.02.05
  • Accepted : 2022.04.25
  • Published : 2022.07.01
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Abstract

Gastric adenocarcinoma is among the top causes of cancer-related death and is one of the most commonly diagnosed carcinomas worldwide. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has been reported to inhibit the gastric cancer metastasis. In our previous study, BITC induced apoptosis in AGS cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of BITC on autophagy mechanism in AGS cells. First, the AGS cells were treated with 5, 10, or 15 μM BITC for 24 h, followed by an analysis of the autophagy mechanism. The expression level of autophagy proteins involved in different steps of autophagy, such as LC3B, p62/SQSTM1, Atg5-Atg12, Beclin1, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, and class III PI3K was measured in the BITC-treated cells. Lysosomal function was investigated using cathepsin activity and Bafilomycin A1, an autophagy degradation stage inhibitor. Methods including qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were employed to detect the protein expression levels. Acridine orange staining and omnicathepsin assay were conducted to analyze the lysosomal function. siRNA transfection was performed to knock down the LC3B gene. BITC reduced the level of autophagy protein such as Beclin 1, class III PI3K, and Atg5-Atg12. BITC also induced lysosomal dysfunction which was shown as reducing cathepsin activity, protein level of cathepsin, and enlargement of acidic vesicle. Overall, the results showed that the BITC-induced AGS cell death mechanism also comprises the inhibition of the cytoprotective autophagy at both initiation and degradation steps.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [Grant NRF-2019R1F1A1062070], the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.NRF-2021R1F1A1050004), and the Chung-Ang University Young Scientist Scholarship (CAYSS) program in 2017.

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