• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2003

The diffusion coefficient of Xe-133 was obtained from an annealing test. The specimens were made from a UO$_2$ single crystal powder with natural enrichment. Weight and grain size were 300mg and ($23\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Oxygen potentials were obtained from an oxygen sensor. Released fractions were obtained from both results of gamma scans and quantitative analysis with MCNP code, The annealing test was performed at three temperatures at once. Diffusion coefficients of Xe-133 were calculated using slope of Booth theory in each O/M ratios. Activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the diffusion coefficient were obtained. The activation energy of near stoichiomeric $UO_2$ is 310 kJ/mol. The measured values of near stoichiometric $UO_2$ are very close to other data available. Diffusion coefficients increase with hyper-stoichiometry, due to higher concentration of cation vacancies.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.72-82
• /
• 2007

This paper relates to reducing the temperature of a cryogenic liquid by contacting it with gas bubbles, which can be characterized by diffusion-driven evaporative cooling, The characteristic of diffusion-driven evaporative cooling is thoroughly examined by theoretical. analytical and experimental methods specifically for the case of helium injection into liquid oxygen. The results reveal that if the gaseous oxygen partial pressure in helium bubbles is lower than the liquid oxygen vapor pressure, cooling occurs autonomously due to diffusion mass transfer. The method of lowering the injected helium temperature turns out to be very effective for cooling purpose.

• 한국토양환경학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 1996

토양내에서의 가스나 증기상의 오염물질의 이동은 여러 가지 현상에 의해서 일어나고 있으나 농도차에 의해서 일어나는 확산이 가장 중요하다. 그런데 토양내에서의 확산은 토양 입자들로 인한 확산 부피의 감소, 또 확산경로의 불규칙성, 확산 경로에 있어서 단면적의 변화 등으로 인해 대기중에서 일어나는 확산과는 다른 면을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 현상을 설명하기 위하여 흔히 사용되는 굴절계수(toruosity), 유효확산계수(effective diffusion coefficient)의 서로 다른 그러나 같은 이름으로 사용되는 많은 정의들과 다양한 수학적 모델들에 대한 비교 검토가 이루어졌다. 굴절계수나 유효확산계수를 사용할 때는 각각의 경우 정의와 각 식의 특징에 대하여 세밀한 검토와 주의가 행하여져야 한다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2011

Film growth rate and composition variation are numerically analyzed during the selective area growth of InGaN on the GaN triangular stripe microfacet in this study. Both the vapor phase diffusion and the surface diffusion are considered to determine the In composition on the InGaN surface. To obtain the In composition on the surface, flux of In atoms due to the surface diffusion is added to the concentration determined from the Laplace equation which is governing the gas phase diffusion. The solution model is validated by comparing the growth rates from the analyses to the experimental results of GaN and InN films. The In composition and resulting wave length are increased when the surface diffusion is considered. The In content is also increased according to the increasing mask width. The effect of mask width to the In content and wave length is increasing in the case of a small open region.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국막학회 2000년도 제12회 심포지움
• /
• pp.35-35
• /
• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기화학회 2005년도 춘계총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.58-58
• /
• 2005

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.180-188
• /
• 2004

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.511-520
• /
• 2016

Electrolyte-supported symmetric Ni-YSZ cermet electrodes of ca. $23{\mu}m$ were prepared by screenprinting and the impedance was measured as a function of humidity from 2% to 90% balanced in $H_2$ at a total flow rate of 50 sccm. The Ni felt current collector of 1 mm thickness exhibited a Gerischer-like gas concentration impedance in the low frequency range, which was similarly observed in the cermet-supported solid oxide cells, while the Pt paste collector exhibited only electrochemical polarization. The electrochemical polarization of both samples was modeled by a non-ideal diffusion-reaction transmission line model including CPEs with ${\alpha}$= 0.5. In the case of the Pt paste collector, all the Bisquert parameters exhibited humidity dependence to the -1/2 power, supporting a non-faradaic chemical reaction mechanism at three phase boundaries. Consequently, the surface diffusivity and reaction rate increased linearly with humidity. Less pronounced humidity dependence and somewhat lower utilization length with an Ni felt collector can be attributed to the diffusion-limited gas flow through the collector.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.224-224
• /
• 2012

For decades, carbon fiber has expanded their application fields from reinforced composites to energy storage and transfer technologies such as electrodes for super-capacitors and lithium ion batteries and gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Especially in fuel cell, water repellency of gas diffusion layer has become very important property for preventing flooding which is induced by condensed water could damage the fuel cell performance. In this work, we fabricated superhydrophobic network of carbon fiber with high aspect ratio hair-like nanostructure by preferential oxygen plasma etching. Superhydrophobic carbon fiber surfaces were achieved by hydrophobic material coating with a siloxane-based hydrocarbon film, which increased the water contact angle from $147^{\circ}$ to $163^{\circ}$ and decreased the contact angle hysteresis from $71^{\circ}$ to below $5^{\circ}$, sufficient to cause droplet roll-off from the surface in millimeter scale water droplet deposition test. Also, we have explored that the condensation behavior (nucleation and growth) of water droplet on the superhydrophobic carbon fiber were significantly retarded due to the high-aspect-ratio nanostructures under super-saturated vapor conditions. It is implied that superhydrophobic carbon fiber can provide a passage for vapor or gas flow in wet environments such as a gas diffusion layer requiring the effective water removal in the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Moreover, such nanostructuring of carbon-based materials can be extended to carbon fiber, carbon black or carbon films for applications as a cathode in lithium batteries or carbon fiber composites.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.75.2-75.2
• /
• 2010

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have received a lot of attention as a power source for both stationary and mobile applications due to their attractive feature. In general, the performance of PEFCs is highly affected by the property of the electrodes. A PEFC electrode essentially consists of a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer. The gas difusion layer is highly porous and hydrophobicized with PTFE polymer. The catalyst layer usually contains electrocatalyst, proton conducting polymer, even PTFE as additive. Particularly, the proton conducting ionomer helps to increase the catalytic activity at three-phase boundary and catalyst utilization. Futhermore, it helps to retain moisture, resulting in preventing the electrodes from membrane dehydration. The most widely used proton conducting ionomer is perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, namely, Nafion from DuPont due to its high proton conductivity and good mechanical property. However, there are great demands for alternative ionomers based on non-fluorinated materials in terms of high temperature availability, environmental adaptability and production cost. In this study, the electrodes with the various content of the sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) ionomer in the catalyst layer were prepared. In addition, we evaluated electrochemical properties of the prepared electrodes containing the various amount of the ionomers by using the cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy to find an optimal ionomer composition in the catalyst layer.