• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.553-554
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• 2006

This paper presents the effects of different operating parameters on the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell by a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The effects of different operating parameters on the performance of PEM fuel cell studied using pure hydrogen on the anode side and air on the cathode side. The various parameters are temperatures, pressures, humidification of the gas steams and various combinations of these parameters. In addition, geometrical and material parameters such as the gas diffusion layer (GDL) thickness and porosity as well as the ratio between the channel width and the land area were investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1171-1178
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• 1992

An experiment was performed to describe the heat and mass transfer occurring between hot waste gas and cold water through direct contact in a direct contact heat exchanger. This model was then used to obtain an equation of overall heat transfer coefficent based on heat exchanger volume. The diffusion heat transfer rate is 2-3 times larger than the convection heat transfer rate as results of condensation of the water vapor contained in the waste gas. The boiler efficiency increases over 10%.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.64-77
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• 1989

In this study, the experiments were carried out for the purpose of establishment of aluminium cementation to steel surface by diffusible heat treatment after making the coated film onto the substrate by arc spray method. Also, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the cementation layer produced by this study were inspected for various heat treatment and spraying conditions. Main results obtained are as follow ; 1. The coating film characteristics which have excellent errosion-resistance, high temperature oxidation-resistance are obtained by aluminium penetration heat treatment after making the sprayed aluminum coating film onto the steel substrate. 2. Aluminium diffusion penetration takes place at higher temperature than 660.deg.C, and the more heat treatment time and the higher heat treatment temperature adopted, the deeper diffusion layer obtained. 3. Insert gas arc spraying using argon gas as the carrier gas higher improvement of mechanical property than that of compressed air environment. 4. The coating film characteristics appeared to be improvement of adhesive property, porosity plugging effect by heat treatment in air environment.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2013

The structure of pore network of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in PEMFCs plays a critical role in determining the transport phenomena of reaction gas as well as generated water. In addition, the interactive characteristics between water and surface of pore are no less important than the structural characteristics of pore network. In this study, porometric investigation is conducted for two kinds of GDL using method of standard porosimetry which enable to distinguish hydrophobic pores from hydrophilic pores of GDLs. The porosity of TGPH-120 decreases by 6% by adding 30 wt.% of PTFE, but the porosity of hydrophilic pores decreases by 12%. The relation of $p_c-S_{nw}$ varies with the addition of PTFE, especially at low $p_c$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2013

Modified atmosphere (MA) of reduced $O_2$ and elevated $CO_2$ concentrations has been used for keeping the quality of fresh produce and extending the shelf life. As a way to attain the beneficial MA package around the produce, a gas diffusion tube or perforation can be attached onto the container and controlled on real time in its opening/closing responding to $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentrations measured by gas sensors. The timely-controlled opening of the gas diffusion tube can work in harmony with the produce respiration and help to create the desired MA. By use of the mathematical modeling, the effect of tube dimension on the controlled container atmosphere was figured out in this study. Spinach and king oyster mushroom were used as typical commodities for designing the model container system (0.35 and 0.9 kg in 13 L, respectively) because of their respiration characteristics and the optimal MA condition ($O_2$ 7~10%/$CO_2$ 5~10% for spinach; $O_2$ 2~5%/$CO_2$ 10~15% for mushroom). With a control logic for the gas composition to stay as close as possible to optimum MA window without invading injurious low $O_2$ and/or high $CO_2$ concentrations, the atmosphere of the sensor-controlled container could stay at its lower $O_2$ boundary or upper $CO_2$ limit under certain tube dimensional conditions. There were found to be the ranges of the tube diameter and length allowing the beneficial MA. The desired range of the tube dimension for spinach consisted of combinations of larger diameter and shorter length in the window of 0.3~2 cm diameter and 0.2~10 cm length. Similarly, that for king oyster mushroom was combinations of larger diameter and shorter length in the window of 0.9~2 cm diameter and 0.2~3 cm in length. Clear picture on generally affordable tube dimension range may be formulated by further study on a wide variety of commodity and pack conditions.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.556-561
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of properties of gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was investigated using the numerical simulation. The multi-phase mixture ($M^2$) model was used to calculate liquid water saturation and oxygen concentration in GDL. GDL properties, which were contact angle, porosity, gas permeability and thickness, were changed to investigate the effect of GDL properties on the performance of PEMFC. The results demonstrated that performance of PEMFC was increased with increasing contact angle and porosity of GDL, but decreased with increasing thickness of GDL. The liquid water saturation was decreased but oxygen concentration was increased at the GDL-catalyst layer interface, because the mass transfer resistance decreased as the porosity and contact angle increased. On the other hands, as the thickness of GDL increased, pathway for liquid water and oxygen gas became longer, and then mass transfer resistance increased. For this reason, performance of PEMFC decreased with increasing thickness of GDL.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

A Promising new approach to achieve low pollutant emissions and improvement of flame stability is tested experimentally using a cyclone jet hybrid combustor employing both premixed and diffusion combustion mode. Three kinds of nozzle are tested for mixing enhancement of fuel and air. The LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) is used as a fuel. The combustor is operated by two methods. One is DC (Diffusion Combustion) mode generated swirl flow by air as general swirl combustor, and the other is HC (Hybrid Combustion) mode. The HC mode consists of diffusion jet flame of axial direction and premixed cyclone flame of tangential direction in order to stabilized the diffusion jet flame. The results showed that the flame stability of HC mode is significantly enhanced than that of DC mode through the change of mixing characteristics by modifications of fuel nozzle. In addition, the reductions of CO and NOx emission in HC mode, as compared with that for the DC mode, is large than about 50% in stable region. Also, even using the low calorific fuel as $CO_2$-blended gas, it is identified that the cyclone jet hybrid combustor has the high performance of flame stability.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 2014

In many polymer processing operations, the diffusion of small molecules in polymeric materials plays an important role. The fundamental physical property required to design and optimize processing operations is the mutual diffusion coefficient. To investigate the transport properties of polymer/solvent systems at infinite dilution, capillary column inverse gas chromatography (CCIGC) is often employed. In this study, diffusion and partition coefficients of cyclic solvents in styrene/butadiene/styrene (SBS) block copolymer were measured over a wide temperature range using the CCIGC technique.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2005

This article covers the theoretical ac-impedance models for the analysis of oxygen reduction on the porous cathode electrode f3r solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Firstly, ac-impedance models were explained on the basis of the mechanism of oxygen reduction, which were classified into the rate-determining steps; (i) adsorption of oxygen atom on the electrode surface, (ii) diffusion of adsorbed oxygen atom along the electrode surface towards the three-phase (electrode/electrolyte/gas) boundaries, (iii) surface diffusion of adsorbed oxygen atom m ixed with the adsorption reaction of oxygen atom on the electrode surface and (iv) diffusion of oxygen vacancy through the electrode coupled with the charge transfer reaction at the electrode/gas interface. In each section for ac-impedance model, the representative impedance plots and the interpretation of important parameters attributed to the oxygen reduction reaction were explained. Finally, we discussed in detail the applications of the proposed theoretical ac-impedance models to the real electrode of SOFC system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.293-300
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• 2022

During the decommissioning of the nuclear facilities, the radioactive gases in pressure vessels may leak due to the demolition operations. The decommissioning site has large space, slow air circulation, and many large nuclear facilities, which increase the difficulty of workers' inhalation exposure assessment. In order to dynamically evaluate the activity distribution of radionuclides and the committed effective dose from inhalation in nuclear decommissioning environment, an inhalation exposure assessment method based on the modified eddy-diffusion model and the inhaled dose conversion factor is proposed in this paper. The method takes into account the influence of building, facilities, exhaust ducts, etc. on the distribution of radioactive gases, and can evaluate the influence of radioactive gases diffusion on workers during the decommissioning of nuclear facilities.