• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2015

In this study, we investigate the physicochemical characteristics of dried bracken (Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn) harvested in Namhae. The moisture, ash, crude protein and crude lipid content was $10.79{\pm}0.31%$, $6.16{\pm}0.04%$, $33.20{\pm}0.40%$ and $2.45{\pm}0.27%$, respectively. The total mineral (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn) content was $36720.1{\pm}495.7mg/kg$, with K being the highest at $31890.0{\pm}503.8mg/kg$. The total free amino acid content was 704.41 mg/100 g, the amount of methionine, citrulline and sarcosine being higher than the others. The water and 50% ethanol extracts from the dried bracken were evaluated for the total poly phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The total polyphenol content in the 50% ethanol extract ($1574.86{\pm}18.31mg/100g$) was higher than in the water extract ($1240.24{\pm}16.32mg/100g$). The DPPH and ABT radical scavenging activity was increased according to the concentration of bracken extract, and the activity in the 50% ethanol extract was higher than in the water extract. In addition, the xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also higher in the 50% ethanol extract than in the water extract. In conclusion, bracken has great antioxidative and antidiabetic effects and can be used as a preventive agent for oxidation and diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.515-524
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate effect of dried powders and ethanol extracts of garlic flesh and peel on lipid metabolism and antithrombogenic capacity in 16-month-old rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 618.1$\pm$6.5 g were blocked into five groups according to body weight and raised for 3 months with control and experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) of dried powders of garlic flesh or peel, or ethanol extracts from equal amount of each dried powder and control diet. Plasma and liver total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol, and plasma HDL-cholesterol, throm-boxane $B_2$ (TX $B_2$), 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1a}$ (6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$) concentrations were measured. Total, insoluble and soluble dietary fibers contents were highest in peel powder followed by fresh powder, and those in ethanol extracts of flesh and peel, especially soluble, very low. Plasma and liver total lipids, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations were lower in all the garlic experimental groups compared to Especially, flesh and peel powder lowered plasma total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations markedly, and flesh powder and flesh ethanol extract lowered liver total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration remarkably. Plasma TX $B_2$ concentrations in garlic experimental groups were lower than that of control group, and 6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ concentrations. In garlic experimental groups were higher than that of control group. Flesh ethanol extract group showed the lowest TX $B_2$ and the highest 6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ concentrations among experimental groups, so TX $B_2$/6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ ratio in flesh ethanol extract group was significantly lower than that of control group. Moreover, clotting time was significantly increased in flesh ethanol extract group as compared to control group. In conclusion, intakes of dried powders and ethanol extracts of garlic flesh and peel were effective in lowering lipid levels of liver and plasma. And also flesh ethanol extract diet was most effective in antithrombogenic activity among garlic experimental groups as TX $B_2$/6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ ratio in flesh ethanol extract group was significantly lower and clotting time was significantly increased in this group as compared to control group.ntrol group.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1994

When three systems commonly used for screening(washed platelets suspended in uffer containing Ca2+, washed platelets in buffer without Ca2+and platelet rich plasma) are compared by studying the anti-aggregating capacity of garlic extract, platelet rich plasma was the least sensitive system. The most sensitive assay system, based on the IC50s of garlic extract and 2 other platelet aggregation-inhibiting agents(vitamin K3 and propranolol), was the platelet preparation without Ca2+in the suspension buffer. This system was confirmed as the most sensitive during subsequent investigation of garlic extract's capacity to inhibit platelet ATP release. These results suggest that applying the system with washed platelet without Ca2+is most effective to screen for the anti-affregating capacity of natural food.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2010

In this study we examined the effects of water extract of garlic on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, and demonstrated increased beneficial enzyme and anti-oxidant activity as well as histopathological changes (by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining, Trichrome staining, and TEM examination), and showed that the treatment was dose-dependent and safe. A total of 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally (n=7) into six groups. To induce hepatotoxicity in these subjects, carbon tetrachloride diluted in an equal volume of olive oil was intraperitoneally administrated at 0.5 ml/kg (0.20 g/kg/day) once a day for five days. Water extract of Korean-grown garlic was administered via a stomach sonde once a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Groups received 0.35 g/kg (E1), 0.70 g/kg (E2), or 1.40 g/kg (E3), with the dose adjusted for body weight. Administration of garlic extract resulted in positive physiological effects in terms of reduced oxidative stress and toxicity, and induced functional changes in the liver. Comparing the subject groups (E1, E2, E3) administered different doses of garlic extract, the importance of morphological analysis in further studies is emphasized, because morphological changes indicating hepatotoxicity could occur, even though beneficial enzyme activities were found to be elevated.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2022

Rodent model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion caused by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) show clinically relevant evidences for vascular dementia and impairments of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of fermented garlic (F-Garlic) extract with NO metabolites on cognitive behaviors, synaptic plasticity, and molecular events in the hippocampus following BCAO. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided three experimental groups into: control+water; BCAO+water; BCAO+F-Garlic. Animals were treated with oral administration of F-Garlic in tap water as a drinking water after surgery for 4 weeks. On passive avoidance test and Y-maze test, BCAO+water showed a significant decrease in step-through latency and spontaneous alteration, indicating deficit of hippocampal memory formation but the treatment of F-Garlic significantly increased these cognitive behaviors. In control+water, a robust increase in the amplitude of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials was observed by theta burst stimulation to hippocampal neural circuit indicating formation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1. BCAO+water showed a highly significant deficit in LTP induction 4 weeks after BCAO. On other hand, daily oral administration of F-Garlic extract caused the marked preservation of LTP induction. Moreover, parvalbumin was markedly reduced in the CA1, especially, in the stratum radiatum of BCAO+water. In contrast, BCAO+F-Garlic mitigate a significantly reduction of the parvalbumin. In summary, these results suggest that daily oral administration of F-Garlic extract can ameliorate cognitive memory deficit through the preservation of synaptic plasticity and interneurons integrity in the hippocampus in rodent model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2010

In the recent version of the Korea Pharmacopoeia(KP) and the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia(KHP), there are 563 items(181 in KP, 381 in KHP) of herbal medicines including finished drugs. Also, approximately 507 items including herbal extracts and herbal medicinal products was published in the 3th edition of Korea Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC). These items help the persons working in the pharmaceutical manufacturing field to register the drug and in research fields to develop the new drug considering as a standard specifications. This study was carried out to establish standard analytical methods for 'Compound Hawthorn Berry 60% Ethanol Extract, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract and Garlic Oil Capsules' in the 3th edition of Korea Pharmaceutical Codex. Ginkgo flavonoid and terpene lactone were employed as reference compounds for analytical method. Analytical methods established in this study could be applied to a reasonable and unified quality control of G. biloba leaf extract and hawthorn berry extract.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1992

To study effects of wild garlic on components of lipid and protein, blood glucose level, and cholinesterase activity in rat's serum, Sprague-Dawley strain of 40 male rats are divided into 5 groups which are Normal, Control, A, B, and C group. Normal group is fed only Basal diet, and Control group is fed Basal diet and 0.5ml/day of 2.5% cholesterol solution, In addition to a diet of control group, A group is fed 25% wild garlic flour, B group 0.5ml/2day of concentratded wild garlic juice, C group 0.5ml/2day of concentrated ethanol extract of wild garlic, After 8 weesk the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and then decapitated to collect blood. The results of analysis of the rat's serum were summarized as follows, 1. Wild garlic diet, specially ethanol extract has an influence on decreasing the level of total cholesterol and blood glucose in rat's serum, 2. HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid content of rat's serum are increased by wild garlic diet. Therefore I think that wild garlic is good food for preventing development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.520-525
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• 1994

마늘 풍미유를 합리적으로 제조하는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 Autoclaving Method와 Evaporating Method에 의하여 corn salad oil에 마늘을 raw, flake, extract 형태로 전체 중량의 40%(w/w) 첨가하여 제조하였다. 이들 마늘 풍미유를 항온저장($40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) 및 가열처리($185{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) 하면서 경시적으로 휘발성 향기 성분의 변화를 측정하여 AM 및 E'M의 적합성 및 유효성을 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 마늘 풍미유의 주요 향기성분 중 propane, pentane, diallyl disulfide, methyl allyl trisulfide, diallyl trisulfide 등은 경시적으로 감소현상을 보였으나 carbonyl인 propenal과 hexanal은 증가 추세를 보였다. 항온저장($40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$)시 형태별 총 향기 성분 함량은 raw>extract>flake의 순으로 나타났으나 향기 안정성은 AM 처리시raw>flake>extract 첨가군의 순서로 나타났으며 E'M 처리시에는 첨가 마늘의 형태별로는 뚜렷한 차이를보이지 않았다. 가열처리($185{\pm}2^{\circ}C$)시 형태별 향기 성분 함량은 항온 저장시와 동일하였으며 잔류율은 항온 저장시와는 달리 flake>raw>extract의 순으로 안정한 것으로 나타났으며 그 정도는 매우 미약하였다. E'M으로 제조된 풍미유의 향기 성분은 AM으로 제조된 풍미유의 향기 성분의 66.1% 수준으로 그 함량이 낮았으나 항온 저장시나 가열 처리시 이들의 함량 변화는 서로 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 위의 결과에서 AM, E'M에 의해 제조된 마늘 풍미유는 마늘의 독특한 풍미를 보유하면서 상온 저장시에 상당한 기간동안 안정한 상태를 유지할 수 있을 것으로 보아 AM 및 E'M은 풍미유 제조에 합리적인 방법인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국관광식음료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국관광식음료학회 2002년도 학술논문발표회
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• pp.112-122
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• 2002

본 연구는 Egg yolk을 저온 세균(62.5$^{\circ}C$에서 4분)과 고온 세균(95$^{\circ}C$에서 30초) 하여 7$0^{\circ}C$-75$^{\circ}C$ Double bath pen에서 Hot sabayon cream으로 하여 Hot Clarified Olive oil을 서서히 첨가하며 Emulsify하여 유화한 다음 Extract spices 첨가하여 유화제품의 색도 차이를 분석하여 품질을 평가하였으며, 제조된 유화난황의 관능검사를 실시하였다. Extract spices는 A군과 B.군으로 하였으며, A.군은 Garlic을 제외한 Extract였고 B.군은 Garlic을 첨가하였다. 결과는 Figure 1-5.과 같이 나타났다. \circled1 Sabayon Cream 관능검사 결과는 노랑자위 향이 감소 되었다. \circled2 Clarified Olive 관능검사 결과는 olive oily 향이 감소되고 고소한 맛이 났다. \circled3 Sabayon과 Clarified olive oil과의 Emulsified 관능검사 결과는 부드러워 졌다. \circled4 Extract Spices A.시료의 Hot Emulsified 관능검사 결과는 oily 하였다. \circled5 Extract Spices B.시료의 Hot Emulsified 관능검사 결과는 마늘의 향이 전체적 향을 부드럽게 하였으며, 전체적인 맛은 결정적으로 우수하였다. 즉 마늘 향이 첨가된 B시료가 효과와 특성이 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

Mouse의 $CCl_4$에 의한 급성간장해에 있어서 마늘분말은 농도의존적으로 간세포보호효과, 간독성억제효과를 갖는 것이 인정되었으며, 이러한 결과는 GOT, GPT등의 혈청학적 수치의 결과와 일치하였다. 그러나 마늘 extract 투여군에서의 간장 보호효과는 마늘분말보다도 미약하고 오히려 고농도 투여군인 10ml/kg 투여군에 비하여 저농도투여군인 1ml/kg에서 보다 뚜렷한 간장보호효과가 관찰되어 마늘 extract에 관한 약효, 약리작용에 관한 검토 및 독성에 관한 연구가 보다 필요한 것으로 사료되었다.