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Managing Mixtures of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) for Athletic Turf (톨 페스큐와 한국들잔디로 혼합 조성된 운동장 잔디관리)

  • Li, Deying;Han, Lei
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.197-216
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    • 2008
  • Managing a mixture of zoysiagrass with tall fescue has been proposed in transitional zone as a practical practice to combine the advantages of the two species and compensate the limitations. To manage the mixture is a challenge because two species are involved. The objective of this study was to determine if zoysiagrass/tall fescue mixture can be maintained with proper mowing and fertilization under simulated sport traffic at an acceptable quality level. Zoysiagrass was seeded in June and tall fescue was overseeded in August 1996. In November 1996, zoysiagrass coverage was 62.36, 29.88, and 30.02% for 0, 50, and $100\;Kg\;ha^{-l}\;N$ rates, respectively. At the same time, zoysiagrass coverage was 23.53, 41.95, and 57.40% for the mowing heights of 6.5, 5.0, and 3.5 cm, respectively. Zoysiagrass and tall fescue coverage in July 1997 was showing the same trend as in the late season of 1996 although the differences were not as big. There were significant interactions between N fertilization rates and mowing heights. In November 1998, the zoysiagrass coverage was different among the two tall fescue variety mixtures, 21.68, and 32.25% in 'Arid' and 'Grasslands Garland', respectively. Zoysiagrass coverage was favored in lower mowing height, lower N rates, and lower traffic. Interaction effects on zoysiagrass were found between tall fescue variety and nitrogen rate, tall fescue variety and mowing height, and traffic and nitrogen rate. Zoysiagrass shoot density was 7.42, 25.47, and 58.95% for mowing heights of 6.5, 5, and 3.5 cm, respectively; and it was 47.27, 20.27, and 26.26% for N rates of 0, 50, and $100\;Kg\;ha^{-l}\;$, respectively in 1998. The effects on zoysiagrass shoot density from the interaction of N rate and tall fescue variety was significant in 1998. Shoot density responded to the N rate, mowing height, and traffic differently from the ground coverage, indicating that shoot and leaf growth have different adaptation strategies.

Resistance of Newly Introduced Vegetables to Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita in Korea (새로운 채소류의 고구마뿌리혹선충과 땅콩뿌리혹선충에 대한 저항성)

  • Kim, Donggeun;Ryu, Younghyun;Huh, Changseok;Lee, Younsu
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.294-299
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    • 2013
  • To select resistant vegetables against two species of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. arenaria, 39 vegetables belongs to 7 families, 13 genera, 25 species were screened in greenhouse pot test. Susceptible vegetables to both nematodes were amarath and leaf beet in Amaranthaceae, Malabar spinach in Basellaceae, Moroheiya in Tiliaceae, and Water-convolvulus in Convolvulaceae, Pak-choi in Brassica campestris var. chinensis, Tah tasai in B. campestris var. narinosa, B. campestris var. chinensis x narinosa, Leaf mustard, Mustard green in B. juncea, Kyona in B. juncea var. laciniate, Choy sum in B. rapa subsp. arachinenesis, Kairan in B. oleracea var. alboglabra, Arugula in Eruca sativa, Garland chrysanthemum in Chrysanthemum coronarium, Endive in Cichorium endivia, Artichoke in Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Lettuce in Lactuca sativa. Resistant to M. arenaria but susceptible to M. incognita were B. oleracea cv. Matjjang kale, B. oleracea var. gongyloides cv. Jeok kohlrabi, and C. intybus cv. Radicchio. Resistant vegetables to both nematodes were C. intybus cv. Sugar loaf, Grumoro, Radichio treviso, B. oleracea cv. Manchu collard, Super matjjang, B. oleracea italica, B. oleracea var. botrytis italiana, and Perilla in Lamiaceae. Vegetables resistant to both species of root-knot nematodes could be used as high-valued rotation crops in greenhouses where root-knot nematodes are problem.

A Study on Home Accidents of Preschool Children (from 1 to 6) in Korea and Prevention Measures (영유소아기 가정사고의 원인과 예방에 관한 연구)

  • 변수자
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.107-120
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    • 1974
  • Necessity and purpose of this study: In a large number of countries it has been founded that children′s domestic accidents are at great risk year by year In the United States, they publish detailed accident statistics at regular intervals. In Korea. there have been just a few studies on Accidents-At-Home of preschool children. But it can not be said that there have been any systematic statistics about this area. and any study accounting for the relations of home accidents and preschool: children in detail, Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was focused on the inquire of these relations so as to make a little contribution to Korean preschool children′s health and security measures. So, the detail-purposes are to study following questions and to testify following hypothesis. Prob. 1. What the types of accidents of Preschool children, where the place accidents occurred\ulcorner Prob. 2. What the cause of accidents and, the main factors of the cause\ulcorner Prob. 3. How about the number of their children. the disparity of age among their children and mother′s age in each case of accidents\ulcorner hypothesis 1. There will be differences in the density of protection of parents according to the number of their children. hypothesis 2, There will be differences in accident-types and first-aid methods according to parents socio-economic background. Method; This study employed the interviewing survey method, in which 130 preschool children ware random.sampled, who visit hospital to have medical care. These children (from 1 to 6 years olds) were selected at the emergency room of five hospitals in Seoul (Hosp: Severance, Woosok, Medical Center, Hanyang Medical College Hospital and Seoul Medical Col1age Hospital during study-period (from Aug. to Oct, 1973). Four head nurses in above Hospitals were employed as accident members for this study. Concerning research analysis, the method of hypothesis verifying is used. Conclusion: As two American experts on this subject. Dr, Raymond Neuter and Mr. Ross Mc Garland have drawn attention to "minor epidemics of accidents" that could be avoided by fairly simple measures. preschool children′s accidents could be avoided by parents fair attentions. In other words, one of the most common causes of preschool children′s accidents derived from their parent′s inattention. Therefore, one important task on this subject is to instruct the parents fairly about the children′s accidents. Many accidents could be avoided by the exorcist of a little self-discipline. Also, as much the prevention of accidents is important, as the first-aid Is Important and necessary at the case of the accidents. So, the methods of proper first-aid treatment must be emphasized, and must be taught in school, especially in girls school. And there could be other means available for prevention of accidents. Firstly, the public authorities can take legal measures. More stringent safety standards can be made enforceable by law. Building materials and equipment for domestic us: ought to meat minimum safety criteria at all times. Next the public itself has to understand the seriousness of the problem, and here the dissemination of information is of great importance. All mass media should be brought into play to promote greater public awareness of the question. At last, it will be needed to obtain more detailed epidemiological data through additional surveys and statistics after this study.

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Reports and Statistics on Korean Spicy Fish Soup Cooking in Busan (부산지역 생선횟집을 중심으로 생선 매운탕 조리실태 조사)

  • Kim, Jung-Sun;Jo, Young-Je;Lee, Nahm-Gull
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.164-171
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    • 2006
  • kochukaru (chili powder) and various vegetables. As its main ingredient, fresh or sea-water fish is cut into several pieces and boiled with ground beef and green vegetables such as watercress as well as garland chrysanthemum. In addition, onion, radish, chilies, crown daisy, garlic and some times, pumpkin and bean curds are added to the mixture to absorb the kochujang which is the base flavor of this dish. It is then seasoned with kochukaru, garlic, soy sauce and if needed, more kochujang to suit everyone's taste buds. Restaurants that offer this dish often allow you to select your fish from a tank. Many specialty seafood restaurants have several tanks from which you may choose a fish. Popular fish for this dish may include Korean rockfish, flounder, yellow corvina, codfish, croakers, pollacks, and even fresh water fish like carp and trout. In addition, other shell fish such as crabs, clams and oysters can be also added to this soup to compliment and enhance its spicy but refreshing flavor. This soup is one of Korean's most popular dishes while drinking soju. If you order sushi or sashimi, the soup is made from the left-over parts of the fish. The objective of this study is to determine a standardized recipe of Maeun-Tang and to investigate consumption so as to increase its intake opportunities for consumers through its development. Fish species used in Maeuen-Tang's recipes were flounder, Korean rockfish and other fish. Onion, radish, chilies, crown daisy, garlic and some times, pumpkin and bean curds were added to the mixture to absorb the kochujang which is the base flavor of this dish. Most of the stock used in Maeuen-Tang's recipes is pure water, fish stock and vegetable stock, 1.0-1.5 Korean rock fishes and 0.5-1.0 flounders, with its head and bone, which were used in 3-4 portions of Maeun-Tang. Most of the seafood restaurants used seasoning which didn't age and was made by the restaurant. The cooking equipment used in the Maeuen-Tang's recipes were a cook-port and earthen bowl.

Monitoring Program on Food Contaminants (식품중의 오염물질에 관한 조사연구)

  • 백덕우
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.121-136
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    • 1987
  • As a part of continuing monitoring program since 1983, a study on pesticide residues on Korean agricultural products has been conducted to offer the tolerance of pesticide residues suiting Korean reality. The samples used in this experiment were collected from four areas in five provinces of Korea. The residue, levels of organochlorine pesticide (two kinds), organophosphoric pesticide (eight kinds) and carbamate pesticide (three kinds) on lettuce, garland chrysanthemum, radish Korean, potato, egg plant, green onion, persimmon and sweet potato, and the residue levels of captan and captafol on tomato, green pepper fresh, apple, peach, soybean, cucumber and cabbage Korean were determined by GC-NPD and ECD.

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Mapping HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening Practice in the Pacific Region-Strengthening National and Regional Cervical Cancer Prevention

  • Obel, J;McKenzie, J;Buenconsejo-Lum, LE;Durand, AM;Ekeroma, A;Souares, Y;Hoy, D;Baravilala, W;Garland, SM;Kjaer, SK;Roth, A
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.8
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    • pp.3435-3442
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    • 2015
  • Objective : To provide background information for strengthening cervical cancer prevention in the Pacific by mapping current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening practices, as well as intent and barriers to the introduction and maintenance of national HPV vaccination programmes in the region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among ministry of health officials from 21 Pacific Island countries and territories (n=21). Results: Cervical cancer prevention was rated as highly important, but implementation of prevention programs were insufficient, with only two of 21 countries and territories having achieved coverage of cervical cancer screening above 40%. Ten of 21 countries and territories had included HPV vaccination in their immunization schedule, but only two countries reported coverage of HPV vaccination above 60% among the targeted population. Key barriers to the introduction and continuation of HPV vaccination were reported to be: (i) Lack of sustainable financing for HPV vaccine programs; (ii) Lack of visible government endorsement; (iii) Critical public perception of the value and safety of the HPV vaccine; and (iv) Lack of clear guidelines and policies for HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Current practices to prevent cervical cancer in the Pacific Region do not match the high burden of disease from cervical cancer. A regional approach, including reducing vaccine prices by bulk purchase of vaccine, technical support for implementation of prevention programs, operational research and advocacy could strengthen political momentum for cervical cancer prevention and avoid risking the lives of many women in the Pacific.

The Measurement of Folacin Content in Korean Foods -Part 3. Folate Distribution in Various Foods- (한국 상용 식품의 엽산 분석에 관한 연구 -제 3 보-)

  • Kim, Young-Min
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.53-63
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    • 1979
  • In continuation of the previous $studies^{2{\sim}3)}$, the folate activity levels in 226 Korean food items were determined by a modified microbiological assay with Lactobacillus casei. There was a large variation in folate activity between the different food groups as well as between each individual food. There was also a wide variation in the biologic availability of folate in foods and the different forms of the folate with different foods in varying amounts. Data showed that almost always, foods cooked and/or processed were lower in folate activity than fresh or raw food and the amount of the loss varied greatly in each food. In calculating dietary intake, total rather than free folate activity levels should he used. In addition, loss of folate activity during cooking and processing of foods should be considered as a major concern for appraising diets and food supplies. Among all assayed food items, including Part $I^{2)}}$ and $I^{3)}$, yeast 2800. ug total per 100g the highest folate level. Soybean, spinach, Shepherd's purse and liter of beef and pork had over 100 ug total per 100 g folate activity. Folate ranging over 50 ug total per 100 g was found in all dried legumes, nuts and seeds assayed, Garland Chrysanthemum, leek, mugwort, wafer cress, asparagus, e99 folk and beef kidney. Wheat, sweet Potatoes,dried fungus, green onion, hotrod pepper, lettuce, radish and some fermented soybeen products had considerably higher folate content ranging around 40 ug total per 100 g. Substantial amounts of folate were not found in many food groups, and among specific groups, in part in starch, sweets, fruits, meat, fish, milk, and cooked and processed foods. Soused fish, oils and fats, beverages, liquor and seasonings, other than fermented soybean products, had almost no folate.

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Effect of Perforated PVC Underdrainage Pipe on Desalting of Plastic Film House Soils (시설재배지 유공관 암거배수에 의한 염류집적 경감효과)

  • Kim, Dae-Su;Yang, Jae E.;Ok, Yong-Sik;Yoo, Kyung-Yoal
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2006
  • Objective of this research was to remove the accumulated salts in the plastic film house soils by installing the perforated PVC (${\phi}10cm$) underdrainage pipes at 50 cm depth of soils with cultivating vegetables. Efficiency of the underdrainage pipes was assessed based on the changes of soil chemical properties such as pH, EC, and cations, and growth and yield parameters of the vegetables between the two treatments; the control and the underdrainage pipe treatments. The EC of the underdrainage pipes installed soils after two growing seasons were in the ranges of $1.42-2.88dS\;m^{-1}$ but those of the control were in the ranges of $3.86-4.53dS\;m^{-1}$, indication the underdrainage pipes effectively removed the accumulated salts in soils. The pHs of the control soils and the underdrainage pipe installed soil were in the ranges of 7.2-7.5 and 6.9-7.3, respectively. There was a significant correlation between pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils ($CEC=17.107{\times}pH-106.2$, $r^2=0.759$, P < 0.05). The ECs of the soils at different depths were compared between the two treatments after cultivating vegetables with lettuce-lettuce-garland chrysanthemum rotation systems. The ECs of the control soils at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 cm were 3.45, 3.47, 3.03, 2.03, and $2.28dS\;m^{-1}$, respectively, with decreasing with soil depths. On the other hand, the respective ECs of the underdrainage pipes installed soils were 2.43, 2.52, 2.28, 4.00, and $4.23dS\;m^{-1}$ with increasing with soil depths. This might be derived from the salts moved downward with the draining water into the subsoil. The order of cations moved downward was Mg > Ca > K, based on the ratios of cations at specific depth over those at the surface soil. The survival rates of lettuce after 15 days of transplanting in the underdrainage pipe installed soils were 98.2% as compared to 86.6% of the control. The underdrainage pipe treatment also increased the diameter of the lettuce stalk from 12.9mm of the control to 13.7mm. Overall results demonstrated that the installment of the underdrainage pipes in the subsoils of the salt accumulated plastic film house soil effectively removed the salts by leaching downward,resulting in lowering soil EC and enhancing the growth and yield of vegetables.

Effect of Rice Bran and Barley Bran Application on Growth and Yield of Chinese Chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) and Taro (Colocasia esculenta) and Weed Control (쌀겨, 보릿겨 처리가 부추와 토란의 생육과 수량 및 잡초방제에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryu, Deok-Kyo;Yun, Young-Beom;Kwon, Oh-Do;Shin, Dong-Young;Hyun, Kyu-Hwan;Lee, Do-Jin;Kuk, Yong-In
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.260-270
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to examine the effect of rice bran, barley bran, burned rice bran, and burned barley bran on the growth and yield of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler), taro (Colocasia esculenta), and weed control. When the above 4 brans were examined 13, 27, 41 and 57 days respectively after application, the plant height of Chinese chive applied with burned barley bran was significantly higher than non-treated control, whereas the other brans did not have any distinct effect on the plant height or population number of Chinese chive. However, when examined 57 days after the application of the above 4 brans, all the plants applied with brans showed more than twice the improvement in shoot fresh weight compared with non-treated control. A chemical analysis of soil 57 days after the application of the above 4 brans showed that the soils were richer in available phosphate and organic matter. Shoot fresh weight of Chinese chive at 2 weeks after cutting was significantly higher in barely bran treated plot than in non-treated plot. In the case of taro, only taro plots transplanted when 10 cm tall and applied with barley bran showed an improvement in growth increment of both the underground and above parts. However, when sowed seeds after the application of the 4 brans, the yield of taro was reduced by the brans. Thus this research indicates that the effect of brans is differ based on the amount of bran application as well as crops. The effect of weed control on Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria clliaris, Chenopodium album, and Solanum nigrum as affected by brans was very low in pot conditions. Weed efficacy of the brans was also very low in field conditions. Growth of Chinese cabbage and garland chrysanthemum was inhibited 63% and 37% by rice bran at $4,000kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, but other crops such as maize, squash, cucumber, and Chinese chive were inhibited by 0-20%. These results were similar to that of barley bran except for Chinese cabbage.

A Study on the Iron Seated Buddha at Bowonsa Temple in Seosan (서산(瑞山) 보원사(普願寺) 철조여래좌상(鐵造如來坐像) 고찰(考察))

  • Kang, Kunwoo
    • MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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    • v.100
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    • pp.22-49
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    • 2021
  • Bowonsa Temple (普願寺) is located to the north of Gayasan Mountain in Unsan-myeon, Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province. The cultural properties it enshrines were produced during the late Unified Silla and early Goryeo periods, and include an Iron Seated Buddha. The Japanese Government-General of Korea Museum planned a survey on historical remains in Chungcheongnam-do Province during the early Japanese colonial era, and a field survey was conducted at the Bowonsa Temple site in 1916 (Taishō 5). During this survey, the sculpture of the Iron Seated Buddha (knee: width 212 cm x thickness 167 cm) was found enshrined in a hut. The sculpture was moved to Gyeongbokgung Palace in the following year. However, it is clear that the colossal Iron Seated Buddha was being housed at the Bowonsa Temple site at the start of the Japanese colonial era. This Iron Seated Buddha is presumed to have been produced in 955 by State Preceptor Beopin Tanmun (法印國師 坦文, 900-975). Tanmun was born into an influential family that produced many high officials. He became a leading figure in the Hwaeom (Flower Garland) school of Buddhism under the patronage of King Taejo. He also led Buddhist events at the Goryeo royal court during the reigns of King Hyejong (惠宗, r. 943-945) and King Jeongjong (定宗, r. 945-949). With the emergence of Gyunyeo (均如, 923-973), who was sponsored by Queen Daemok (大穆王后, dates unknown) of the Hwangbo clan (皇甫氏), Tanmun was transferred to Bowonsa Temple far from Kaesong. However, even while there Tanmun strengthened his ties with his supporters under the patronage of the Chungju Yu clan. He appears to have produced this colossal sculpture of Iron Seated Buddha as a prayer for longevity and a happy life for King Gwangjong (光宗, r. 949-975). The inscription on the Stele of State Preceptor Beopin at Bowonsa Temple Site that reads "[I] created a Buddha triad in gold" also suggests the Iron Seated Buddha was produced at Bowonsa Temple. This Iron Seated Buddha is thought to have been enshrined originally in a hall at Building Site No. 3 within the Bowonsa Temple precinct. Since excavations at the temple site have revealed that the temple's main hall was erected in the Joseon period, the Iron Seated Buddha might have been enshrined in a different hall at the time of its creation. It is likely that the sculpture was placed in a hall at Building Site No. 3 since Goryeo-era roof tiles and porcelain have been frequently excavated there and the remains of a square Buddhist altar have survived at the site. At the time of its creation, the Iron Seated Buddha was likely enshrined in a Goryeo-era hall at Building Site No. 3 but was transferred to the main hall during a rebuilding project undertaken at Bowonsa Temple in the Joseon period.