• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.34-44
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• 2015

Mathematical, spatial, and verbal abilities are important for future engineers to succeed in the STEM disciplines. The purpose of the study is to assess engineering students' spatial abilities and analyse the relationship with mathematical achievement, verbal achievement, and gender. On the mental rotation tests, 65% of male students demonstrated a substantial level of spatial abilities. But only 30% of female students exhibited spatial skills at the same level as their male colleagues. The correlations between mathematical - spatial - verbal abilities are found to be negligible. When spatial visualization ability was plotted according to the mathematical achievement level, there was no difference in the mean spatial abilities score. But when mathematical achievement score was plotted according to the spatial abilities, there was a noticeable difference. Regression analysis confirmed that female students' mathematical achievement increased as spatial abilities improved. This phenomenon was not observed for male students. It's because male students' spatial ability already contributed to their mathematics achievement. So spatial ability can be regarded as one factor for the gender differences in mathematics achievement. The gender gap on spatial abilities and math achievement is large among high achieving students. For example, there was a 4.3 to 1 male - female ratio and 3.4 to 1 male - female ratio among students scoring 99th percentile in spatial visualization test and scholastic aptitude test-math.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1983

The authur surveyed the caries experience of 108 preschool children and collected their five-day dietary data, and evaluated the cariogenicity applied to their diets and discussed the relationship between their caries experience and their diet. The results were as follows: 1. As a frequency of consumption of cariogenic foods by degree of retentiveness, highly retentive foods like sugars and dried fruits had been taken once every 3 days, next highly retentive foods like confections and breads had been taken once everyday, slightly retentive foods like ice-creams and fermented milk also had been taken once everyday, and low retentive foods like soft drinks had been taken once every 6 days. 2. The highest caries experienced children ingested more frequently retentive foods like ice-creams, fermented milk and sugars than the lowest caries experienced children. 3. As a potential cariogenicity, the mean number of cariogenic ingestions in a day was 2.26, the mean retentiveness in a day was 5.93, and the mean cariogenicity score per ingestion in a day was 2.51. 4. The highest caries experienced children had higher values in the mean cariogenic ingestions, the mean retentiveness, and the mean cariogenicity score than the lowest caries experienced children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1997

The aim of this study has been two fold - to analyze the degree of utilization of Korean menu items in family restaurants; and to evaluate consumer satisfaction with the quality of family restaurant food and food-related service. A self-completed questionnaire survey of 280 consumers having meals in 6 family restaurants in Korea was undertaken and detailed information was collected from each. Consumer satisfaction with the quality of food and food-related service in family restaurants was evaluated by consumer questionnaires. It was measured by assessing 24 variables. Statistical data analysis was using SAS package program for descriptive analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Importance mean score of customers was 4.07 out of 5, with performance mean score of 3.19. The gap between importance and performance scores was 0.87. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) technique was used for obtaining information of the degree of utilization of Korean menu items in family restaurants. By the results of the IPA technique, menu items with fair to poor performance and high importance to the customer were cooked meals, noodles, steamed and grilled dishes, Korean salads, kimchi, beverages, single-dish course, suggesting that customer seemed to be dissatisfied with the degree of utilization of Korean menu items in family restaurants.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2011

Manufacturing enterprises have been doing their best endeavors to obtain competitiveness using various methodologies, such as information technology. In order to achieve competitiveness, they are adopting manufacturing execution system (MES). MES is a total management system that manages from the beginning of the production by product order until the quality inspection of the finished product. And MES is an inter-mediator for supplementation of information gap between ERP and inspection machine and equipment. This paper describes on establishment of effective strategy based on BPR methodology and implementation of MES small and medium PCB manufacturing company with multiple-types of products and mixed process flows. And then we proposed evaluation model based on balanced score card (BSC) for considering non-finance elements as well as finance elements. With evaluation model, we analyzed benefits and effects of MES.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.265-284
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• 2002

The purposes of this study are research for user's perspective and satisfaction, and analyze degree of difference in user's perspective and satisfaction through electronic library system of National Assembly Library. According to analysis of questionnaire, score of the factors that quantity of information, latest of information, quality of information, system of classification, accuracy of information are higher than average in user's perspective. Also score of the factors that speed of response, quality of information, consistency of information, consistency of retrieval, quantity of information, accuracy of information are higher than average in user's satisfaction. Result of analysis show that latest of information, quantity of information, variety of information, system of classification, accuracy of information are higher gap in user's perspective and satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.111-128
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• 2004

Responsiveness and initiative between infant and mother from toy centered play situation at 6, 7 months of age and infant's social communication skills at 12 months were studied in a sample of 62 infant-mother pairs. Through the video analysis, infants were grouped into simple react group, cooperated group, and active initiative group. In the between groups, we analyzed whether mother's initiative act styles and response styles were different, and whether their social communication skills were different when they tested at 12 months. The results showed that mother's initiative styles were not different but mother's response styles were significantly different with infant groups. Further result showed that cooperated group gained higher score than active initiative group in the total score of Eary Social Communication Skills scales at 12 months of age. The results suggested that mother's responsive behaviors were more important than initiative behaviors for the infant's positive interaction, and the difference of these behaviors would lead to a gap of early social communication abilities.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.930-937
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the textural and sensory properties of pork jerky with differently added sources of tenderizer or humectant at final concentrations of 2 or 5% (v/w). Pork jerky treated with 5% glycerol, kiwi, or pineapple had lower moisture content and water activity than that of control pork jerky (p<0.05). The addition of tenderizer or humectant resulted in a lower shear force than that of control (p<0.05). The addition of 2 or 5% glycerol resulted in higher equilibrium moisture content (EMC) than other treatments, and addition of tenderizer or humectant produced a higher EMC than that of control (p<0.05). Furthermore, addition of pineapple and kiwi to the samples affected the structures of the myosin heavy chain and the actin filaments of myofibrillar protein, respectively. Trained panel sensory evaluations indicated that pineapple enhanced the flavor score, whereas tenderness score was improved by the addition of tenderizer or humectant (p<0.05).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences between the degree of nursing need and nursing performance as perceived by caregivers of hospitalized children. Methods: Participants included 200 main caregivers from two pediatric hospitals where their children had been hospitalized for at least 2 days. Data were collected from October 30 to December 10, 2014. Results: The degree ($2.64{\pm}0.40$) of nursing performance perceived by caregivers with hospitalized children was found to be significantly lower than that ($3.39{\pm}0.21$) of nursing needs of caregivers. Of nursing needs, direct nursing had the highest score at 3.59, and nursing assessment, the lowest at 3.23. For nursing performance, nursing assessment had the highest score at 2.76, and education and counseling, the lowest at 2.35. Conclusion: These results suggest that performance of nursing activities by nurses caring for hospitalized children do not meet the nursing needs of the caregivers. Therefore it is necessary to develop nursing strategies to reduce the gap between nursing needs and nursing performance.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a pediatric patient with bilateral facial nerve palsy. Methods The patient was treated by acupuncture, moxa, herb(Cheongungkyeoji-tang, Palmulgunja-tang) for 1 month. We described his progression and measured the degree by House-Brackmann scale and Yanagihara's scale. Results He started getting better from 7th day of the onset. During admission, the facial palsy had improved from Grade V/V(Rt/Lt) to Grade II/II(Rt/Lt) by House-Brackmann scale and from 0/0(Rt/Lt)score to 36/36(Rt/Lt)score by Yanagihara's scale. Conclusions Compared with unilateral facial nerve palsy cases, this case was not different from the time when it got better, and how much it improved. However, biased degree had increased and then decreased because of the time gap between the right facial improvements and left facial one.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gap between importance and performance in perceived sanitation management for general hospital foodservice operations. Data were collected through surveys given to 168 hospital dietitians in the Seoul-Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Daegu, and North Gyeongsang province. The 65 questionnaires from total questionnaires were usable and the response rate was 38.7%. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS package program (version 20.0) for t-test, ANOVA, and importance-performance analysis (IPA). According to the importance and performance analysis for 26 items, the importance score was significantly higher than the performance score for 22 items. In addition, the results of IPA showed the following areas as improvement priorities: handling foods on working table and management of distribution temperature. In conclusion, the performance level of prerequisite programs applying to the hospital foodservice needs improvement, especially cross-contamination prevention and temperature control for distribution. Additionally dietitians should be educated about sanitation management items that perceived to be less important than the others.