• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2018

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) has emerged as a major invasive insect pest of small berry fruits in the Americas and Europe since the late 2000s. Thus, phytosanitary treatment of commodities for export is imperative to prevent the movement of viable SWD to newer areas. In the present study, all developmental stages of SWD were irradiated with different doses of gamma and electron beam radiation to assess developmental inhibition to identify potential quarantine doses of the radiations. Ionizing radiation induced developmental inhibition of all stages of SWD. The effective doses for 99% inhibition ($ED_{99}$) of hatching, pupariation, and adult emergence from irradiated eggs for gamma radiation were 882, 395 and 39 Gy, respectively, compared with 2849, 687, and 41 Gy, respectively, for electron beam radiation. The $ED_{99}$ for inhibition of pupariation and adult emergence in irradiated larvae were 703 and 47 Gy, respectively, for gamma radiation, and 619 and 33 Gy, respectively, for electron beam radiation. Pupal irradiation did not completely inhibit adult emergence, even at 300 Gy. However, irradiation with ${\geq}100Gy$ of puparia induced adult sterility, with no egg production at all. The $ED_{99}$ for inhibition of $F_1$ egg hatchability from adults irradiated with gamma radiation and electron beam radiation was estimated to be 424 and 125 Gy, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that gamma radiation and electron beam radiation are alternatives for phytosanitary treatment. Irradiation with 100 Gy could be suggested as a potential dose for egg, larval, and pupal quarantine treatment of SWD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2001

To determine the effect of low dose gamma radiation on the germination and enzyme activities, seeds of Chinese cabbage (Brassica compestris L. cv. Hanyoreum) and radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Chungsukoungzoung) were irradiated at the dose of 2-50 Gy. The germination rate of irradiation group was higher than that of the control. Especially it was highest at the early stage. The germination rate of Chinese cabbage was high at 2 Gy and 8 Gy irradiation group and that of radish was high at 2 Gy, 6 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group. Growth of both seedlings of Chinese cabbage and radish increased positively in low dose irradiation group. The height of Chinese cabbage was noticeably high at 4 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group and that of radish at 6 Gy irradiation group. The protein contents of seedlings from seeds irradiated with the low dose gamma radiation was higher than the control, especially at the early stage. The enzyme activities of seedlings from seeds irradiated with the low dose gamma radiation was high at 4 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group. These results suggest that the germination, growth and enzyme activities of old vegetable seeds could be promoted by the low dose gamma radiation.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2003

To evaluate the radiation degradation of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), radiation effects on EPR were investigated by using dielectric analysis and thermal-gravimetric analysis. Permittivity, loss factor, tan$\delta$, and thermal decomposition temperature were observed for ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated EPR. As the radiation dose was increased, the peak temperature of the loss factor and tans of EPR were increased and loss factor and tan$\delta$ at peak temperature were decreased. Activation energies were calculated using loss factor and thermal decomposition for ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated EPR as well. The trends of both calculated activation energies showed the same tendencies as radiation dose was increased.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the effect of ${\gamma}$-irradiation on the volatile organic compounds of Cuscutae Semen (Cuscuta chinensis L.). The volatile organic compounds of non-irradiated and 10 kGy ${\gamma}$-irradiated Cuscutae Semen were isolated using SDE apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. Limonene, ethanol, (E)-2-decenal, hexadecanol, nonanoic acid and nonanal were detected as dominant compounds. Before irradiation, the total concentration of volatile organic compounds of Cuscutae Semen was approximately 189.90 mg/kg. After irradiation at 10 kGy, total concentrations increased to 299.46 mg/kg, but, the profile of volatile compounds including the essential oils of Cuscutae Semen was not differ from non- and irradiated sample. Therefore it was improved the extraction yield of useful compounds such as limonene, menthol, piperitone and isomenthone by irradiation.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2013

Late effects of chronic exposure to gamma radiation are potential hazards to worker in radiation facilities as well as to the general public. Recently, chronic gamma radiation exposure effects have become a serious concern. Using a total of 60 mice, we studied the biological effects of medium-dose chronic exposure to gamma radiation. Sixty female 6-week-old specific pathogen free Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (five groups irradiated and one non-irradiated control group). Irradiation was carried out for 7 days using gamma rays at dose rates of 119.65, 238.10, 357.14, 476.19 and $595.24mGy\;h^{-1}$ with total doses 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy. After irradiation, we determined survival rate of gamma radiation exposed mice during 1 week and 476.19 and $595.24mGy\;h^{-1}$ exposed group mice showed less 10% of survival rate. Otherwise, 119.65, 238.10 and $357.14mGy\;h^{-1}$ exposed group mice were survived each 100%, 80% and 70%. Half of survived mice after 1 week are immediately sacrifice and counted body and spleen weights. Compared with control non-irradiated group, total body weights and spleen weights isolated from 119.65, 238.10 and 357.14 irradiated group mice showed significant decreased. However, no significant alteration was observed between 119.65, 238.10 and $357.14mGy\;h^{-1}$ irradiated group. Overall, our results show for the first time that medium-dose chronic gamma radiation has the potential to stimulation of biological effects.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1972

On the seventh day of mounting male and feamale cocoons are distinguished. A part of those male and female pupae is irradiated for 40 min. with 1,000r-ray irradiation. Those eggs obtained from the irradiated pupae are divided into six groups of 5, 15, 45, 90, 720 and 2,400 minutes after laying. The cahanges of accid soluble phosphorus in the each group of eggs are as follows. 1. In the control group of the maximum quantity in acid soluble phosphorus was 1,456r/100mg D.P. in the 2,400 minutes group, while the minimum quantity was 1,233r/100mg D.P. in the 720 minutes group. 2. In the mated group of ＊irradiated female moths and control male moths, the quantity of acid soluble phoshorus was small as compared with the control group in the five minute group of 1,288r/100mg D.P. and in the 15 minutes group of 1,299r/100mg D.P. while the quantity increased to 1,484r/100mg D.P. in the 45 minutes group. The quantity began to decrease again to 1,400r/100mg D.P. in the 2,400 minutes group which was smaller than that of the control group. The quantity was slightly small in the silkworm eggs laid in the early stage when compared with that of mated group of ＊irradiated male moths and control female moths. Both groups showed the larger quantity in the 720 minutes group than that of the control group. The quantity of acid soluble phosphorus in the mated group of control female moths .and ＊irradiated male moths was larger in variation than in the mated group of control male moths and ＊irradiated female moths. 3. In the mated group of ＊irradiated male and female moths the largerst quantity was 1,760r/100ms D.P. in 2,400 minutes group and second was 1,736r/100mg D.P. in 90 minutes group, and third was 1,288r/100mg D. P., in 5 minutes group. Generally the quantity was small in silkworm eggs laid by the irradiated one in the early stage than the control group, but in the later period of egg the quantity began to increase more than that of control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1604-1611
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• 2011

In this study we assessed the effects of gamma irradiation (50 kGy) on cookies to which was added various concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%) of hot water extract from seamustad (Undaria pinnatifida) sporophylls (WEUS) for future industry use. The pH of the dough went down significantly with the addition of WEUS. However, density was not related to that. The spread ratio of the cookies increased significantly as more WEUS was added to the cookie recipe, and cookies containing gamma-irradiated extract were taller than non-irradiated cookies with the same concentration. The loss rate of cookies was the same between control and experiment groups. On the other hand, the leavening rate significantly increased upon the addition of WEUS, and gamma-irradiated cookies were higher than non-irradiated cookies in the same concentration. The L value of cookies was much reduced with higher WEUS content, but the b value showed no significant differences between the control and experiment groups. The a value showed no significant difference for non-irradiated groups, but did for gamma-irradiated groups. Upon the addition of WEUS, hardness was shown to be higher than the control. The antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging, was significantly higher with the control cookies, and upon the addition of WEUS, the gamma-irradiated cookies had higher antioxidant effects than non-irradiated cookies. The sensory evaluation showed that cookies made with WEUS have a positive impact in color, smell, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, but the sensory evaluation worsened with a lot of WEUS. The results of acceptability were higher in cookies with 3% the non-irradiated group and 1% the gamma-irradiated group. These results suggest that the 1% gamma-irradiated group was in the best condition to use in the industry since just a little of it makes exceptional quality, sensory properties, and functionality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.648-652
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate PSL and TL characteristics for the detection of different ratios of gamma-irradiated turmeric. It was possible to determine PSL and TL of 1- and 10-kGy irradiated turmeric. The TL ratios ($TL_1/TL_2$) of non-irradiated samples were lower than 0.001, while those of irradiated samples were higher than 0.355. In the PSL results, blended samples containing irradiated ingredients showed intermediate values for a 1% blending rate. Furthermore, TL analysis of blended samples seems to offer a promising method for irradiation identification by TL glow curve form and temperature range. The 1- and 10-kGy irradiated samples were able to be detected above a 4% blending rate. However, the TL ratio appeared as a threshold value below 0.1 for irradiated samples. Overall, TL analysis identified 4% blended samples containing gamma-irradiated turmeric.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 1998

Physicochemical and microbiological properties of red beans, soybeans, barleys, and corns irradiated by gamma-ray at 1.2 kGy, 10.1 kGy, or 30.5 kGy were investigated. Moisture content and crude lipid content of the irradiated cereals showed no significant difference from the nonirradiated group. TBA values of corns irradiated at 30.5 kGy increased. Gamma irradiation reduced the numbers of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in the cereals. Yeasts and molds were reduced below detection levels even at 1.2 kGy dose-irradiation. There was no significant difference in reducing sugars between the irradiated cereals and the nonirradiated ones except corns. Stachyose, raffinose, and sucrose of soy beans and sucrose of barleys increased by 30.5 kGy dose-irradiation. Loss of riboflavin content of the irradiated samples was not observed except red beans irradiated at 30.5 kGy. In Hunter's color, b value of the red bean powder increased but L value of the soybean powder decreased by the Irradiation. L, a, and b values of the barley powder slightly increased under 30.5 kGy dose-irradiation and b value of the corn powder decreased under 10.1 or 30.5 kGy-dose irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1236-1247
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• 2014

Gamma irradiated-treatment of natural medicinal plants can be used to improve extraction transference number and for qualitative improvement of color when applied to functional material exploration. This study investigated the biological activities of Aralia elata cortex extracts upon gamma irradiation. In addition, different physical techniques [photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and thermoluminescence (TL)] were used for irradiation identification of Aralia elata cortex. In PSL analysis, non-irradiated (0 kGy) sample showed a negative result of 400 photon counts (PCs), whereas irradiated (5, 10, and 30 kGy) samples showed positive results of 90,100.00, 312,614.33, and 321,661.67 PCs, respectively. In the TL method, growth curve showed very unusual behaviors around $200^{\circ}C$ upon natural-irradiation of the non-irradiated (0 kGy) sample and around $150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$ for the irradiated (5, 10, and 30 kGy) samples. The TL ratio was 0.1 in non-irradiated samples at 0.011, whereas the values of irradiated samples (5, 10, and 30 kGy) were 0.1 at 1.105, 1.009, and 2.206, respectively. For phenolics of gamma-irradiated Aralia elata cortex, water and 50% ethanol extracts had the highest amounts, $17.30{\pm}0.40mg/g$ and $18.87{\pm}0.46mg/g$ at 10 kGy irradiation, respectively. The inhibitory activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme and xanthin oxidase were higher in both irradiated water and 50% ethanol extracts than in non-irradiated ones. For pancreatin ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities, water and 50% ethanol extracts containing $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics showed high inhibitory activities of 60~100% at all irradiation doses (0~30 kGy). This result confirmed that Aralia elata cortex extracts have greater anti-diabetic effects than acabose as a diabetic remedy. Gamma-irradiated Aralia elata cortex extracts are useful as a functional material with anti-diabetic effects. Thus, Aralia elata cortex extracts can be used as a functional material with various biological activities, and gamma-irradiation can be used to amplify biological activities in plants.