• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2002

Interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) is well known as a potent inducer in monokine induced by IFN-${\gamma}$ (Mig) mRNA expression. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone is weakly effective on Mig mRNA expression. the stimulation of LPS and IFN-${\gamma}$ (LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$ simultaneously has been shown to synergize to produce a high level of Mig mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In this study, interleukin-10 (IL-10) was found to suppress the LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-induced Mig mRNA expression in cell type- and mouse strain-specific fashion, but IFN-${\gamma}$ alone-induced Mig mRNA was unaffected by IL-10 under identical experimental conditions. The IL-10-mediated suppression of LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-stimulated Mig mRNA expression was dependent on the concentration of IL-10, and was prevented when the agent was added 2 hours after LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment. The suppressive action of IL-10 was dependent on a protein synthesis. However, IL-10 did not reduce the stability of LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-induced Mig mRNA. These data may have important implications for a previously unrecognized role for IL-10 as a regulator of synergistic effect of LPS on the IFN-${\gamma}$-induced expression of the Mig gene in macrophages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.58-59
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.612-612
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• 2002

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2012

FasL, perforin, $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-1 and NO have been considered as effector molecule(s) leading to ${\beta}$-cell death in autoimmune diabetes. However, the real culprit(s) of ${\beta}$-cell destruction have long been elusive despite intense investigation. Previously we have suggested $IFN{\gamma}/TNF{\alpha}$ synergism as the final effector molecules in autoimmune diabetes of NOD mice. A combination of $IFN{\gamma}$ and $TNF{\alpha}$ but neither cytokine alone, induced classical caspase-dependent apoptosis in murine insulinoma and pancreatic islet cells. $IFN{\gamma}$ treatment conferred susceptibility to $TNF{\alpha}$-induced apoptosis on otherwise resistant murine insulinoma cells by STAT1 activation followed by IRF-1 induction. Here we report that $IFN{\gamma}/TNF{\alpha}$ synergism induces apoptosis of human pancreatic islet cells. We also observed STAT1 activation followed by IRF-1 induction by $IFN{\gamma}$ treatment in human islet cells. Taken together, we suggest that $IFN{\gamma}/TNF{\alpha}$ synergism could be involved in human islet cell death in type 1 diabetes, similar to murine type 1 diabetes.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 2012

The model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana is the subject of an international genome research project. Massive doses of ionizing radiation have been shown to induce physiological changes in plants. The wild-type (Ler) Arabidopsis plants were irradiated with 100 Gy and 800 Gy of gamma-ray. Gibberellin (GA) affects developmental processes and responses according to the various environment conditions in diverse plant. The 13 GA isomers were analyzed at vegetative (VE) and reproductive (RE) stages by HPLC. Total GA contents were reduced with the increase in radiation doses at VE and RE stages. Specifically, levels of GA3, GA4, GA12, and GA34 were significantly reduced with the increase of radiation doses. Oligonucleotide microarrays analysis was performed with Arabidopsis plants at different developmental stages and doses of gamma-ray. Through the microarray data, we isolated 41 genes related to GA biosynthesis and signaling transduction. Expression of these genes was also decreased as the reduction of GA contents. Interestingly, in GA signaling related gene expression, gibberellin-responsive protein, putative (At2g18420) was down-regulated at VE and RE stages. Myb21 (At3g27810), Myb24 (At5g40350), and Myb57 (At3g01530) was down-regulated at RE stage. In GA biosynthesis related gene expression, YAP169 (At5g07200) and GA20ox2 (At5g51810) were down-regulated at 100 Gy treatment of VE stage and 800 Gy treatment of RE stage in cytoplasm, respectively. However, exceptively, GA3ox2 (At1g80340) was up-regulated at 100 Gy treatment of RE stage in cytoplasm. In this study, the wild type (Ler) Arabidopsis plants showed differences in response with development stage at the various doses of gamma-rays. GA contents change was reported in gamma irradiated plant.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2001

Active belite cement clinker 합성을 위하여 안정제로 borax (3 wt%)를 사용하였으며, 1300, 1350, 140$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성하고, 각각의 소성온도에서 아세톤 급냉, 공냉, 로냉의 3가지 방법으로 냉각속도를 달리하여 합성하였다. 클링커의 특성분석은 TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS로 조사 분석하였으며, free-CaO 함량은 KSL 5120의 ethylene glycol법으로 정량하였다. Borax(3 wt%)를 첨가한 시료의 시차열분석에서 ${\gamma}$상으로의 전이는 관찰되지 않았으며, 각각의 소성온도와 냉각속도에 따른 free-CaO 분석에서 0.07~0.14%의 범위로 낮게 나타났으며, borax가 첨가되지 않은 시료는 140$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성하고 급냉시켰지만 ${\gamma}$상으로 전이되어 dusting 현상을 나타내었다. Borax(3 wt%) 첨가된 시료의 SEM 미세구조는 140$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성하고 급냉시켰지만 ${\gamma}$상으로 전이되어 dusting 현상을 나타내었다. Borax(3 wt%) 첨가된 시료의 SEM 미세구조는 140$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성된 모든 시료와 135$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성하고 급냉과 공냉시킨 시료는 type I belite, type III belite($\alpha$상) 구조를 나타낸다. 135$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성하고 로냉한 시료와 130$0^{\circ}C$에서 소성된 모든 시료는 type II belite($\beta$상) 구조를 나타내었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.1277-1283
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• 2021

It is important for operators of poly-pipelines in petroleum industry to continuously monitor characteristics of transferred fluid such as its type and amount. To achieve this aim, in this study a dual energy gamma attenuation technique in combination with artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed to simultaneously determine type and amount of four different petroleum by-products. The detection system is composed of a dual energy gamma source, including americium-241 and barium-133 radioisotopes, and one 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm sodium iodide detector for recording the transmitted photons. Two signals recorded in transmission detector, namely the counts under photo peak of Americium-241 with energy of 59.5 keV and the counts under photo peak of Barium-133 with energy of 356 keV, were applied to the ANN as the two inputs and volume percentages of petroleum by-products were assigned as the outputs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2004

A prompt gamma-ray neutron activation (PGNA) system was simulated by the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNP-4A) to estimate the level at which the scattered photon fluence rate, the absolute efficiency of the HPGe-detector, the volume of the concrete sample and the $^{35}$ /Cl(n, ${\gamma}$) reaction rate in this sample contribute to the count rate in the NaCl concentration measurement. The n- ${\gamma}$ fluence rates at the ST-2 beam tube exit of the HANARO reactor were used as input data, and the GAMMA-X type HPGe detector was modeled to tally 1.1649 MeV ${\gamma}$ -rays emitted from the $^{35}$ Cl(n, ${\gamma}$) reaction in the concrete sample. For three cylindrical concrete samples of 13.8, 46.8 and 157.1 ㎤ volumes, respectively, the relations between the NaCl weight fractions of 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 % in each of the concrete samples and the 1.1 649 MeV pulses created in the HPGe detector model were studied. As a result, it was found that the count rate at the same NaCl concentration nearly depends on the volume of the samples in a simulated condition of the same NaCl concentration samples, and that the linearities of the NaCl concentration calibration curves were reasonable in the narrow range of the NaCl weight fraction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2005

Gamma radiation causes suppression of the immune function, and immune properties are related to cytokine production. In the present study, the polysaccharide, Ginsan, purified from an ethanol-insoluble fraction of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae) water extract was studied to assess its effects on the immunosuppressive activities of gamma radiation. Gin­san was found to stimulate murine normal splenocytes by inducing the mRNA expressions of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines, and also restore the mRNA expression of IFN-$/gamma$, Th1 cytokine, after its inhibition by whole-body gamma irradiation. Therefore, Ginsan was found to restore the T lymphocytes function that had been suppressed by gamma irradiation in allogenic MLR (mixed lymphocyte reactions). However, Ginsan exhibited no excessive stimulatory effects on the control group. The above results indicated that Ginsan may constitute a new noble agent for the improvement of gamma radiation-induced immunosuppression.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.380.2-380.2
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• 2002

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-$\gamma$ is a nuclear hormone receptor family that plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of genes in cellular lipid and energy metabolism. In our search for Iigands for PPAR-$\gamma$ from natural resources. two phenylpropanoids. 3.4.5-Trimethoxy cinnamylalcohol (1) and 3.4.5- Trimethoxy cinnamaldehyde (2). were isolated as PPAR-$\gamma$ agonists from the MeOH extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. & ZUCCo (Rutaceae) by activity-guided fractionation. These two compoundS bind and activated PPAR-$\gamma$ transcriptional activity in a dose dependent manner assessed by ligand-binding assay. While the maximum activities for PPAR-$\gamma$ of these compounds were comparable with that of rosiglitazone. which is currently used in the treatment of Type II diabetes. the potency of these compounds were much weaker than rosiglitazone ($ED_{50}$=t.2$\mu\textrm{M}$) with the $ED_{50}$ values of 9.08 and 4.08 $\mu\textrm{M}$. respectively. To examine the structure-activity relationship of phenylpropanoids. we prepared several phenylpropanoid derivatives and measured the activity. We observed that substituents at 4'- position could playa key role in determining the potency for PPAR-$\gamma$ agonistic activity .