• 제목/요약/키워드: galactan

검색결과 28건 처리시간 0.03초

천년초에서 분리한 항전이 다당의 구조 분석 (Structural Analysis of Anti-metastatic Polysaccharides Isolated from Opuntia humifusa)

  • 최정호;신광순
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.214-222
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    • 2011
  • 천년초에 존재하는 점질다당의 새로운 이용방안을 모색하기 위해 천년초로부터 다당을 분리하여 항전이 활성을 평가하고 구조 분석을 행하였다. B16BL6 종양세포를 이용한 폐암 전이모델에서 천년초 조다당 CNC-0는 농도 의존적으로 높은 항전이 활성을 나타냈다. 천년초 조다당 CNC-0는 DEAE-Sepharose FF 및 Sephadex G-75를 이용한 연속적 chromatography를 행하여 CNC-Ia으로 정제하고 이들의 구조적 특성을 검토하였다. CNC-Ia는 분자량 약 700 kDa의 다당체로 구성당 조성을 확인한 결과, arabinose, galactose 및 xylose를 높은 비율로 함유하고 있었으며 rhamnose와 fucose를 미량 함유하고 있었다. 본 당쇄의 결합양식을 규명하기 위해 methylation analysis를 행한 결과 CNC-Ia은 terminal Araf, 5-linked Araf, 4-linked Galp, terminal Xylp와를 포함한 총 18종의 결합으로 구성되어 있었으며 full branched Araf, 3,4,6-branched Galp 및 full branched Galp 와 같은 3종의 CNC-Ia 고유의 특징적 결합을 포함하고 있었다. 또한 CNC-Ia의 미세구조를 규명하기 위해 exo-${\alpha}$-Larabinofuranosidase와 endo-${\beta}$-1,4-D-galactanase를 이용한 연속 가수분해 및 해석도 행하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 천년초 유래 다당 CNC-Ia는 ${\beta}$-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-galactan 주쇄에 arabinose oligo당이 측쇄로 분지된 Type I arabinogalactan으로 판단되었으며 주쇄 및 측쇄 모두 고도로 분지된 특징이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Panax속 식물의 다당류가 망내계 활성에 미치는 영향 (Reticuloendothelial System Potentiating of Polysaccharide from Panax Species)

  • Ohtani Kazuhiro;Hirose Kumi;Hatana Shunso;Mizutani Kenji;Kasai Ryoji;Tanaka Osamu;Masuda Hitoshi;Furukawa Hiromi;Fuwa Tohru
    • 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
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    • pp.147-150
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    • 1988
  • 망내계에서 강한 탄소제거 활성을 나타내는 다당류를 Panax식물속에서 조사하였다. 건조한 P. notoginseng 에서 sanchinan-A라는 활성을 지닌 다당류를 분리하였다. Sanchinan-A의 분자량은 약 1,500,000 D 정도로 추정되며 6번 산소위치에 가지가 있는 $\beta$-D(1-3)-galactan 구조를 가지고 있다. 3개의 glactosyl units에 2개 정도의 빈도로 6번산소위치에 주로 $\alpha$-L-arabionfuranosyl이 있으며 일부는 $\beta$-galactopyranosyl-(1-6)-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl 가지가 있다. 건조한 P. japonicus의 근경에서도 활성을 지닌 몇가지 다당류가 분리되어 그 구조가 규명되었다. 건조한 P. ginseng의 뿌리에서는 강한 활성을 지닌 몇가지 다당류가 분리되었다. 이들 화합물의 구조는 현재 구명중이다. 홍삼의 물 추출물에서는 활성을 보이지 않았으나 투석한 분획에서는 현저히 망내계기능을 강화시켰다. 그러나 이러한 활성도는 분리과정에서 소실되었다. 이러한 사실로 보아 인삼중에서는 활성물질을 안정화 시키는 어떤 물질이 그 분획중에 존재하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

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감식초에서 분리한 면역활성다당의 특성 (Characterization of Immuno-stimulating Polysaccharides Isolated from Korean Persimmon Vinegar)

  • 황용철;신광순
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.220-227
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    • 2008
  • 한국 전통발효음료 중에 존재하는 특이다당류의 화학적 특성 및 생물활성을 규명할 목적으로, 농가에서 직접 발효한 감식초로부터 다당류를 분리하고 이들의 각종 면역증강활성에 대해 검토하였다. 감식초에 80% ethanol 침전을 행하여 얻어진 조다당 획분 PV-0을 이용, 연속적인 3회의 column chromatography를 행하여, 감식초의 주요 다당인 PV-1b-I으로 정제할 수 있었다. PV-1b-I획분은 HPLC상에서 대칭을 유지하는 단일 peak로 검출되었으며, 분자량은 약 110 kDa으로 평가되었다. 정제다당인 PV-1b-I의구성당 조성을 확인한 결과, mannose(46.8%), galactose(28.5%) 및 arabinose(19.1%)를 높은 비율로 함유하고 있었다. 또한 본 정제다당은 ${\beta}$-glucosyl Yariv reagent와 강하게 반응하는 특성을 보여주었으며 이러한 사실로부터 PV-1b-I이 arabino-3,6-galactan 부위를 소유함을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 감식초에서 정제한 다당 PV-1b-I은 in vitro상에서 macrophage의 활성화를 높은 비율로 유도하였으며, 비장세포에 대해 높은 증식능을 보였다. 또한 PV-1b-I을 정맥 투여한 경우, NK cell을 활성화하여 YAC-1 종양세포에 대한 세포독성을 증가시킴이 관찰되었다. 한편 고분자 정제 다당인 PV-1b-I는 비특이적 면역계에 있어 중요 역할을 담당하고 있는 보체계에 대하여 농도 의존적인 활성화 경향을 보였다. 이들은 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온이 제거된 상태에서의 항보체 활성과 anti-human C3를 이용한 2차원 면역전기영동에 의하여 C3 산물을 동정한 결과로부터 보체계의 classical pathway와 alternative pathway 양 경로를 모두 경유하여 활성을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다.

적양배추에서 분리한 다당의 면역 및 항전이 활성 (Immunomodulatory and anti-metastatic activities of polysaccharide isolated from red cabbage)

  • 이수정;신광순
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.263-271
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    • 2019
  • 적양배추 유래물의 면역 활성 및 항전이 활성을 평가하기 위하여 적양배추 유래 열수추출물 RCW 및 조다당 RCP를 분리하였다. RCW는 중성당이 60%의 높은 비율로 검출되었으며, 이중 Glc가 28.2%로 구성되어 있었으며, RCP는 중성당과 산성당이 각각 40.0% 및 58.9%로 이루어져 있으며, 구성당 분석 결과, Ara(27.5%)와 Gal (17.2%)가 높은 비율로 검출되었다. RCW와 RCP는 정상세포 및 암 세포에 대한 어떠한 독성도 나타나지 않았으며, 오히려 정상세포에서는 약간의 증식능이 확인되었다. 또한 대식세포 자극을 통한 cytokine 분비능을 측정한 결과, RCW는 IL-6, IL-12 및 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생산능은 어떠한 농도에서도 확인되지 않았으며, $1000{\mu}g/mL$ 고농도에서 NO 생산능이 확인되었다. 반면에 RCP는 $8{\mu}g/mL$의 저농도에서도 IL-6, IL-12, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 NO의 생산능이 확인되었다. 높은 cytokine 생산능을 나타낸 RCP의 NK 세포 활성 및 항전이 활성을 측정한 결과, RCP를 $1000{\mu}g/mouse$농도로 정맥투여할 경우, NK 세포를 무처리군 대비 최대 12배 활성화 시키는 것으로 확인되었으며, 47.3%의 항전이 활성이 확인되었다. 적양배추 유래 면역 활성 다당의 구조를 추정하기 위하여 ${\beta}-Glucosyl$ Yariv reagent와의 반응성을 검토한 결과, RCP $1000{\mu}g/mL$에는 약 9.7%의 $arabino-{\beta}-3,6-galactan$이 검출되었다. 본 결과로부터 적양배추에는 $arabino-{\beta}-3,6-galactan$을 일부 함유하는 RG-I 형태의 다당으로 존재하며, 이들에 의해 강력한 면역 증진 활성이 나타나는 것이라 결론지을 수 있었다.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Exo-β-1,3-Galactanase from Penicillium oxalicum sp. 68

  • Zhou, Tong;Hu, Yanbo;Yan, Xuecui;Cui, Jing;Wang, Yibing;Luo, Feng;Yuan, Ye;Yu, Zhenxiang;Zhou, Yifa
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제32권8호
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    • pp.1064-1071
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    • 2022
  • Arabinogalactans have diverse biological properties and can be used as pharmaceutical agents. Most arabinogalactans are composed of β-(1→3)-galactan, so it is particularly important to identify β-1,3-galactanases that can selectively degrade them. In this study, a novel exo-β-1,3-galactanase, named PoGal3, was screened from Penicillium oxalicum sp. 68, and hetero-expressed in P. pastoris GS115 as a soluble protein. PoGal3 belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) and has a 1,356-bp gene length that encodes 451 amino acids residues. To study the enzymatic properties and substrate selectivity of PoGal3, β-1,3-galactan (AG-P-I) from larch wood arabinogalactan (LWAG) was prepared and characterized by HPLC and NMR. Using AG-P-I as substrate, purified PoGal3 exhibited an optimal pH of 5.0 and temperature of 40℃. We also discovered that Zn2+ had the strongest promoting effect on enzyme activity, increasing it by 28.6%. Substrate specificity suggests that PoGal3 functions as an exo-β-1,3-galactanase, with its greatest catalytic activity observed on AG-P-I. Hydrolytic products of AG-P-I are mainly composed of galactose and β-1,6-galactobiose. In addition, PoGal3 can catalyze hydrolysis of LWAG to produce galacto-oligomers. PoGal3 is the first enzyme identified as an exo-β-1,3-galactanase that can be used in building glycan blocks of crucial glycoconjugates to assess their biological functions.

산업적 응용을 위한 홍조류 당화 기술 (Industrial Applications of Saccharification Technology for Red Seaweed Polysaccharide)

  • 홍채환;김세원;김용운;박현달;신현재
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.307-315
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    • 2014
  • Recently seaweed polysaccharides have been extensively studied for alternative energy application. Because their producing cost is high and efficiency low, their industrial applications have been limited. The main component of cell wall of red algae represented by Gelidiales and Gracilariales is agar. Red-algae agar or galactan, consisting of D-galactose and 3, 6-anhydro-L-galactose, is suitable for bio-product application if hydrolyzed to monomer unit. For the hydrolysis of algae, chemical or enzymatic treatment can be used. A chemical process using a strong acid is simple and efficient, but it generates together with target sugar and toxic compounds. In an enzymatic hydrolysis process, target sugar without toxic compounds generation. The objective of this review is to summary the recent data of saccharification by chemical and enzymatic means from red seaweed for especially focused on automobile industry.

과실의 연화중에 세포벽 성분과 세포벽분해효소의 변화 (Changes in Cell Wall Components and Cell Wall-degrading enzymes during Softening of Fruits)

  • 신승렬;김광수
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 1996
  • The cell wall components of fruit include cellulose. hemicellulose, pectin, glycoprotein etc., and the cell wall composition differs according to the kind of fruit. Fruit softening occurs as a result of a change in the cell wall polysaccharides : the middle lamella which links primary cell walls is composed of pectin. and primary cell walls are decomposed by a solution of middle lamella caused due to a result of pectin degradation by pectin degrading enzymes during ripening and softening, During fruit ripening and softening, contents of arabinose and galactose among non-cellulosic neutral sugars are notably decreased, and this occurs as a result of the degradation of pectin during fruit repening and softening since they are side-chained with pectin in the form of arabinogalactan and galactan Enzymes involved in the degradation of the cell wall include polygalacturonase, cellulose, pectinmethylesterase, glycosidase, etc., and various studies have been done on the change in enzyme activities during the ripening and softning of fruit. Among cell wall-degrading enzymes, polygalacturonase has the greatest effect on fruit softening, and its activity Increases during the maturating and softening of fruit. This softening leads to the textural change of fruit as a result of the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by a cell wall degrading enzyme which exists in fruit.

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Rhamnogalacturonan I-rich fractions from cherry tomatoes stimulate phagocytosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages

  • Hwang, Dahyun;Lim, Young-Hee;Shin, Kwang-Soon;Koh, Jong-Ho
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.278-285
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    • 2019
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is widely known for its beneficial effects on human health. To investigate the beneficial effects of polysaccharides from cherry tomato, cherry tomato polysaccharides (CTP) were prepared, the component sugars were analyzed, and the immunomodulatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages were assessed. CTP mainly contained arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal), suggesting that CTP might be enriched with an arabinogalactan (AG) moiety. The Ara and Gal present in CTP are likely components of AG-II (35.4%), namely $arabino-{\beta}-(3,6)-galactan$. To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of CTP, cytokine levels and iNOS2, COX-2, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ protein levels were analyzed, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and phagocytosis were observed by immunofluorescence. CTP significantly increased the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$, MCP-1, and IL-6. CTP also increased iNOS2 and COX-2 expression as well as $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation in RAW 264.7 cells. CTP significantly stimulated phagocytosis activity. These results showed that CTP stimulates macrophage activity, which can boost the innate immune response. CTP with high AG-II content could be used as a prebiotic to strengthen immunity.

Pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification process of rapeseed straw for production of bioethanol

  • Lee, Heon-Hak;Jeon, Min-Ki;Yoon, Min-Ho
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.641-649
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the yield of bio-ethanol produced by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with the pretreated rapeseed straw (RS) using crude enzyme of Cellulomonas flavigena and Saccharomyces cereviase. Crude enzyme of C. flavigena showed enzymatic activity of 14.02 U/mL for CMC 133.40 U/mL, for xylan 15.21 U/mL, for locust gum and 15.73 U/mL for rapeseed straw at pH 5.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The hemicellulose contents of RS was estimated to compromise 36.62% of glucan, 43.20% of XMG (xylan + mannan + galactan), and 2.73% of arabinan by HPLC analysis. The recovering ratio of rapeseed straw were investigated to remain only glucan 75.2% after 1% $H_2SO_4$ pretreatment, glucan 45.44% and XMG 32.13% after NaOH, glucan 44.75% and XMG 5.47% after $NH_4OH$, and glucan 41.29% and XMG 41.04% after hot water. Glucan in the pretreatments of RS was saccharified to glucose of 45.42 - 64.81% by crude enzyme of C. flavigena while XMG was made into to xylose + mannose + galactose of 58.46 - 78.59%. Moreover, about 52.88 - 58.06 % of bio-ethanol were obtained from four kinds of saccharified solutions by SHF using S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, NaOH pretreatment was determined to show the highest mass balance, in which 21.22 g of bio-ethanol was produced from 100 g of RS. Conclusively, the utilization of NaOH pretreatment and crude enzyme of Cellulomonas flavigena was estimated to be the best efficient saccharification process for the production of bio-ethanol with rapeseed straw by SHF.

Molecular Characterization of the α-Galactosidase SCO0284 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), a Family 27 Glycosyl Hydrolase

  • Temuujin, Uyangaa;Park, Jae Seon;Hong, Soon-Kwang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권9호
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    • pp.1650-1656
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    • 2016
  • The SCO0284 gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is predicted to encode an α-galactosidase (680 amino acids) belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 27. In this study, the SCO0284 coding region was cloned and overexpressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24. The mature form of SCO0284 (641 amino acids, 68 kDa) was purified from culture broth by gel filtration chromatography, with 83.3-fold purification and a yield of 11.2%. Purified SCO0284 showed strong activity against p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose, and no activity toward lactose, agar (galactan), and neoagarooligosaccharides, indicating that it is an α-galactosidase. Optimal enzyme activity was observed at 40℃ and pH 7.0. The addition of metal ions or EDTA did not affect the enzyme activity, indicating that no metal cofactor is required. The kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside were 1.6 mg/ml (0.0053 M) and 71.4 U/mg, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the hydrolyzed products of melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose showed perfect matches with the masses of the sodium adducts of the hydrolyzed products, galactose (M+Na, 203), melibiose (M+Na, 365), and raffinose (M+Na, 527), respectively, indicating that it specifically cleaves the α-1,6-glycosidic bond of the substrate, releasing the terminal D-galactose.