• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the visual and spatial elements of the gait of a stroke patient who had diverse ankle weight loads applied, according to weight changes. Methods: The subject was a 57-year-old stroke patient diagnosed and hospitalized with a left intracerebral hemorrhage. A weight equivalent to 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight was applied to the area 5cm upward from the ankle using a Velcro strap. He was then trained on a treadmill, receiving a six-minute walk test to evaluate his gait ability. A gait analyzer was used to collect visual and spatial elements, such as gait distance, gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and swing phase, according to a weight load equivalent to 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight. Results: According to the results of applying 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight on the ankle, except for gait velocity, his gait distance, cadence, step length, stride length, and swing phase were higher when 1% of his body weight was applied compared to 0% or 2% of his body weight. Conclusion: Applying a weight equivalent to 1% of the body weight to the ankle positively affected the visual and spatial element of the gait and heightened the efficiency of exercise during treadmill training, a gait-training tool generally used for stroke patients. However, the result is difficult to generalize because the number of subjects was small with only one subject.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1455-1463
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• 1990

In this study the feasibility of a dynamic gait for a given quadruped walking robot is investigated through a computer simulation of the walking with certain drivings of the actuators. Two planar inverted pendulums are used to represent the dynamic model of the leg of the walking robot. It's gait motion is assumed to be periodic and symmetric between left and right sides only with half cycle delay. The dynamics of the walking robot is simplified by introducing two virtual legs to produce two planar inverted pendulums in two orthogonal planes and on the basis that certain legs in pair act as one. The feasibility of the dynamic gait motion is established from the following two necessary conditions:(1) The position and velocity of a foot must satisfy the stroke and velocity requirements.(2) The gait motion should be periodic without falling down. The gait feasibility test was applied to a walking robot design showing the specific acceptable speed range of the robot in trot. Also it showed that the higher body height may produce the faster trot gait.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

Background : The purpose of this study was to apply cervical orthosis for temporal parameters of gait was to evaluate the effect. Methods : Seven normal adults participated in this study. Before and after applying a cervical orthosis compared to gait. Outcome measure were: general characteristics, temporal parameters of gait. General chacteristics included age, gender, height, weight. Temporal parameters included the Velocity cycle, Stride length, Step length, Cadence cycle, Initial double support time. Temporal parameters of gait, using the motion analysis system for cervical orthosis were evaluated before and after applying. The data was analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software and the Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test. Results : Velocity cycle and Step length were no significant differences(p>0.05). But Stride length, Cadence cycle, Initial double support time were significant(p<0.05). After apply Cervical orthosis in gait, Stride length and Initial double support time was decreased and Cadence cycle was increased. Conclusion : Changes in temporal of temporal parameters of gait was apply a cervical orthosis with the limitations of vision due to take effect. Therefore, Cervical orthosis does not interfere with the normal gait pattern by limiting the Range of Motion so that we consider to apply.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.355-363
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain detailed and quantified data concerning the effects of plantarflexor muscle fatigue induced in the non-paretic side on the spatial and temporal gait parameters of the bilateral lower extremities during walking in stroke patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients with chronic stroke. The load contraction fatigue test was applied to induce muscle fatigue in the non-paretic plantarflexor muscle. Step length, stride length, double support, gait velocity and cadence, and functional ambulatory profile (FAP) score in the bilateral lower extremities were measured using a gait analysis system in order to investigate changes in temporal and spatial gait parameters caused by muscle fatigue on the non-paretic side. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a paired t-test. Results: A review of the results for gait parameters revealed a significant increase in double support (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in step length, stride length, gait velocity and cadence, and FAP score (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that the muscle fatigue in the non-paretic side of the stroke patients also affected the paretic side, which led to a decrease in gait functions. This implies a necessity to perform exercise or training programs in a range of clinical aspects not causing muscle fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

PURPOSE: Most gait assessment tools are expensive and require controlled laboratory environments. Tri-axial accelerometers have been used in gait analysis as an alternative to laboratory assessments. Many smartphones have added an accelerometer, making it possible to assess spatio-temporal gait parameters. This study was conducted to confirm the reliability and validity of a smartphone-based accelerometer at quantifying spatio-temporal gait parameters of stroke patients when attached to the body. METHODS: We measured gait parameters using a smartphone accelerometer and gait parameters through the GAITRite analysis system and the reliability and validity of the smartphone-based accelerometer for quantifying spatio-temporal gait parameters for stroke patients were then evaluated. Thirty stroke patients were asked to walk at self-selected comfortable speeds over a 10 m walkway, during which time gait velocity, cadence and step length were computed from smartphone-based accelerometers and validated with a GAITRite analysis system. RESULTS: Smartphone data was found to have excellent reliability ($ICC2,1{\geq}.98$) for measuring the tested parameters, with a high correlation being observed between smartphone-based gait parameters and GAITRite analysis system-based gait parameters (r = .99, .97, .41 for gait velocity, cadence, step length, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that specific opportunities exist for smartphone-based gait assessment as an alternative to conventional gait assessment. Moreover, smartphone-based gait assessment can provide objective information about changes in the spatio-temporal gait parameters of stroke subjects.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.295-306
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of robot-assisted gait training on the active ranges of motion, gait abilities, and biomechanical characteristics of gait in patients who underwent lower extremity surgery, and to verify the effectiveness and clinical usefulness of robot-assisted gait training. Methods: This study was conducted on 14 subjects who underwent lower extremity surgery. The subjects participated in robot-assisted gait training for 2 weeks. The active ranges of motion of the lower extremities were evaluated, and gait abilities were assessed using 10-m and 2-min walk tests. An STT Systems Inertial Measurement Unit was used to collect data on biomechanical characteristics during gait. Spatiotemporal parameters were used to measure cadence, step length, and velocity, and kinematic parameters were used to measure hip and knee joint movement during gait. Results: Significant improvements in the active ranges of motion of the hip and knee joints (flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction) and in the 10-m and 2-min walk test results were observed after robot-assisted gait training (p < 0.05). In addition, biomechanical characteristics of gait, spatiotemporal factors (cadence, step length, and velocity), and kinematic factors (gait hip flexion-extension, internal rotation-external rotation angle, and knee joint flexion-extension) were also significantly improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study are of clinical importance as they demonstrate that robot-assisted gait training can be used as an effective intervention method for patients who have undergone lower extremity surgery. Furthermore, the findings of this study are clinically meaningful as they expand the scope of robot-assisted gait training, which is currently mainly applied to patients with central nervous system conditions.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of height of shoe lifts on gait and balance in hemiplegic patients. Twenty-two hemiplegic patients who were receiving rehabilitation treatment at Hanyang University Seoul Hospital and National Rehabilitation Center participated in this study from November 8, 2002 through March 20, 2003. Data analysis using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni method, for a post-test. The results of this study were as follows : First, shoe lift on the height of 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12mm significantly improved, as compared to un-lift status, in gait velocity, PCI, weight bearing(p<0.05). Second, gait velocity was significantly difference between 3mm and 9mm, and between 3mm and 12mm, and weight bearing on the affected side was significantly difference between 3mm and 12mm, and between 6mm and 12mm(p<0.05). Third, after the shoe lift removed was significantly improved in gait velocity, PCI, weight bearing than before shoe lifts being added(p<0.05). These results suggest that shoe lift on the unaffected side may helpful for improving the gait efficiency and symmetrically of weight bearing. Furthermore, persistence of gait efficiency and symmetrically of weight bearing after removing the shoe lift suggests carryover effect of gait training on shoe lift of unaffected side.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of action observational training to improve the gait function for patients with stroke. Methods: The participants were divided into two groups: right hemiplegia group (n=12) and left hemiplegia group (n=12). All groups received conventional therapy for five sessions for 30 minutes, each for three weeks. Left and right hemiplegia group practiced additional action observational training for five sessions for 20 minutes each for three weeks. They participated in three weeks of action observational training coupled with immediate physical practice (intervention), followed by a final assessment. The duration of each action observation video sequence was 10 minutes, followed immediately by practice of the observed motor skill (10 minutes). The gait velocity, cadence, swing time, step length, and BOS (base of support) were examined using the GAITRite system. Results: The results of this study showed significant improvement in the gait function. The outcomes of the gait abilities from gait velocity, cadence, swing time, step length of the affected side, and BOS (base of support) were improved significantly in the right hemiplegia group (p<0.05). In the left hemiplegia group, there was no significant improvement in the gait velocity, cadence, and BOS except for the swing time and step length of the affected side. The left and right group comparisons between the groups were not significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Action observation training improves the gait function. These results suggest that action observational training is feasible and suitable for stroke patients.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1987.10a
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• pp.797-800
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• 1987

We developed a biofeedback gait training system; a 12 m measuring walkway with a training walker which moves at prescribed velocity. The walkway measures a.11 temporal and distance factors of gait. This system provides visual feedback for distance factors and auditory one for temporal at the prescribed walking velocity. Experiments were performed on normal and degenerative knee joint subjects, and this system was verified to be very useful.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a visual flow speed's modulation-based VR(virtual reality) program on gait function in stroke patients. Thirty one stroke patients were randomly selected at Dep. of Rehabilitation medicine of M hospital in Seoul. We carried out the gait analysis by dividing them with four conditions : one condition had applied without the visual flow modulation-based VR and another had done three visual flow speed's modulation-based VR(0.25, 1, 2 times). The gait analysis was used with GaitRite system. The data were collected using gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time, and double support time during treatment. The results were as follows. First, the slow visual flow(0.25 times)-based VR program on the condition was significant decrease gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and increase single support time, double support time(p<.05). Second, the fast visual flow(2 times)-based VR program on the condition was significant increase gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time on paretic lower limb and decrease single support time on non-paretic lower limb, double support time(p<.05). Third, the normal visual flow(1 times)-based VR program on the condition was not significant differ gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time, double support time. In conclusion, the visual flow speed's modulation-based VR program improves gait function in chronic stroke patients.