• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.61-72
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• 2016

This study is about the structure and transition of orthogonal design of palace architectures in Joseon Dynasty. The results are as follows. First, Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung Palaces' corridors, and their architectures seen in the Court Documentary Paintings have early Joseon style in the corner-connections. Their roof shape in the corner is gable roof. Generally, gable roof has direction. Besides, it is easy to extend gable sides. Second, Corridor of Gyeongbokgung Palace has hipped and gable roofs with corner eaves. It was popular during the late Joseon Dynasty. On the other hand, it is impossible to extend any sides of those roofs since they have roof faces in their four sides. Instead, they have completeness. That's why their aesthetic appeal exhibits more pleasing than gable roofs. Third, corner-connections of palace architecture shows evidences and traces of the transition from gable roofs meeting at right angle in the early Joseon to hipped and gable roofs meeting at right angle with corner eaves in the late Joseon. Also, the corner-connections with corner eaves were usually used even in the attached architectures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

Pipe section of bending part at the arch type pipe-house showed an ellipse with oblateness of 0.076 on the average. Flexural rigidity of bending part decreased by average 6.3% than that of an original round shape section. The deflection of arch type pipe-house measured by model experiments showed much bigger than the result of structural analysis. In case of arch type pipe-house, we supposed that the decrease of flexural rigidity for the bending part of pipes had an effect on deflection of roof under the working load. This effect should be considered in the structural analysis. Bending resistance of gable type pipe-house used a prefabricated connector which developed in this study showed about $1.5{\sim}1.8$ times stronger than that of the existing arch type or gable type processed bending. Therefore, we supposed that the gable-roofed prefabricated pipe-house is safer than arch type or bent gable type in case of heavy snowfall. According to house scales and section properties of steel pipe in use, safe snow depths and rafter intervals were presented for design of gable-roofed prefabricated pipe-house. Their standards were established in the range of the durable models recommended by RDA, and the comparative examinations were conducted by means of structural analysis. It was evaluated that the developed greenhouse model had a high applicability in the field.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.1 s.102
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• pp.33-45
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• 2004

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine appropriate magnitude of the Gable bends to produce maximum retraction of the anterior teeth. The Calorific Machine was used to illustrate the tooth movement in three dimension. The experimental teeth except the first premolar were embedded in the artificial alveolar bone part. In a series of experiments, the extraction space was closed using arch wires with bull loops into which the gable bends of $10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}$ degrees were incorporated. The experiments were repeated three times for each degree of the gable bend. Before and after the space closure, radiographs were taken in the sagittal and occlusal directions using occlusal films. Analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test were used to determine significant differences among the three groups. The following results were obtained. 1. As magnitudes of the gable bends increased, more bodily anterior tooth movement was seen and the distance of retraction also increased. 2. As magnitudes of the gable bends increase, the amount of posterior tooth protraction decreased while intrusive and buccal movement increased. 3. The arch was coordinated by distal-in rotation of the canine and mesial-in rotation of the second premolar adjacent to the extraction space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.333-342
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• 2003

The purpose of the study is to understand the newer and more direct design techniques, and to provide information to exert creativity in designing. The headdress, one of dress items, was selected so that the change might be investigated in designs and production methods. A headdress was manufactured on the basis of literature review and portrait analysis. The target period of the study was limited to Henry Ⅶ and Henry Ⅷl(1485∼l547) when gable headdress was put on. The details and the patterns of gable headdress were identified for the selected gable hood to be manufactured. It was not possible to get the same dress material, so a similar one was made as in the pictures. The same was done to the color. Putting the focus of the study on the reproduction of the figure in the portrait, some dimension were measured in bodily proportion and patterns were made by three-dimensional cutting. As results, some dimensions used in the manufacture had some limits.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.397-413
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• 2019

In this paper, static nonlinear analysis of gable frame is performed using OpenSees software. Both geometric and material nonlinearities are considered in analyses. To consider large displacements, co-rotational coordinate transformation is used in software. The effects of symmetric and asymmetric support conditions including clamped and simple supports are studied. On the other hand, the material nonlinearity is reflected on analyses using Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto steel material. Note that strain hardening characteristics are also considered in this model. Moreover, I-shaped cross-section is assumed for all members. The results are provided for different geometry properties of gable frame including shallow and deep inclined roof. It should be added that buckling and post-buckling behaviors of gable frame are investigated using related equilibrium paths. A comparison study is also implemented on the responses of buckling loads obtained for different support and geometry conditions. To trace snap-through paths completely, a displacement control method entitled arc-length is utilized. Findings show the capability of proposed model in nonlinear analysis of gable frames.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

In this study, I would like to inquire about the composition of oegi(外機) on the hip and gable roof. Oegi purlin compose the basic member of framework of a hip and gable roof in both sides roof, supporting the inside end of the side rafter. However, the oegi purlin is not simply used to form hip and gable roof. The effects of using oegi purlin have the advantages of spatial. The spatial advantages are the width of the toekan(退間) increases as the oegi purlin escapes from column row and to increase the ceiling height by becoming a point of staying the ceiling. That reflect the desire to expand indoor space due to changes in worship behavior. Oegi purlin was used not only for structural needs, but also for altering in indoor space due to the changing times.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.263-271
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• 1995

The purpose of this study nab to evlauate and compare the effect of the variable factors of wire on the elastic properties of looped rectangular wire. Five variable factors were presented-material(Hi-T, blue Elgiloy), wire size(.016'$\;\times\;$.022', .018'$\;\times\;$.025'), loop length(15mm, 20mm), loop configuration(open loop, closed loop), gabling (non-gable, gable). So, the total 256 specimens were divided into 32 groups, and each of those nab pulled on Instron testing machine. The load-deflection curve of each wire obtained, from which force, range in elastic limit, and stiffness were computed and analyzed statistically. The results were obtained as follows : 1. All of the variable factors - wire material, size, loop length loop configuration, and gabling - took a significant effect on load-deflection rate of looped wire. 2. The force at elastic limit was the smallest in the group of Hi-T, .016'$\;\times\;$.022', 20mm loop length, open loop, non-gable, and the largest in the group of blue Elgiloy, .018'$\;\times\;$.025', 15mm loop length, closed loop, non-gable. 3. The range at elastic limit was the smallest in the group of Hi-T, .018'$\;\times\;$.025', 15mm loop length, open loop, non-gable, and the largest in the group of HI-T, .016'$\;\times\;$.022', 20mm loop length, closed loop, gable. 4. Loop configuration and loop length were the most effective factors on the elastic properties of looped wires, and gabling was the least effective.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2018

This study investigates the types and spread of framed structures of gable roofs meeting at right angle showed in old architecture and documentary paintings of houses, which were well liked in the early Joseon Dynasty. The conclusions of this study were as follows. First, the framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle can be divided or recognized in 4 types according to their structure's size and purlin's position. Three of those types were noted to be in Seoul. Second, the framed structure of gable roofs meeting at right angle begun from the awareness of their independence from one another. Each space was divided based on their functions. Therefore, it could be extended in various forms, not only in the square plan physique but also in many different forms. And allowed free plan configuration regardless of column layouts or size of structure. Third, 5 purlins and 3 purlins crossing structure were preferred in Han-yang, the early Joseon Dynasty. It is related to the specific construction conditions of urban houses, such as the slope of land, limited land area, and economic power. Fourth, urban housing techniques were diffused throughout the country by officials who lived in Kae-gyeong and Han-yang at the end of Goryeo and early Joseon Dynasty. In other regions, framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle households decreased, but in some regions of Gyeongsang-province, framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle has maintained with Staggered purlin.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

This aim of the study is to investigate the plan and elevation types of existing way stations built in the early 20th century Korea, focused on Choong-ang, Donghae-nambu, and Kyung-jeon line of the railroad tracklines. The plans and elevations are drawn up and analyzed based on literature data and aerial photographs through the survey. These way stations are classified into various types by room layout and front elevation. The basic plan types are composed of waiting room, station service room, and administration. The station service room has a train operation room in the projecting part of corner. This room has windows on every side to see in and out of train. There are the enlarged, extended waiting room types, and linear types in the other plan types. The waiting room is lied on the right side, and has a gable roof in elevation. The elevation types are classified with side and centralized, and so on by the placement and shape of gable roofs. The basic elevation types have gable roofs in sides lied on the waiting room, and these types are transformed into centralized types by extension of waiting room The others are the linear types without gable roofs and the unusual roof types in appearance.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

It is difficult to build a hipped and gable roof in slender rectangular type due to restraint in variation of lateral length caused by gongpo arranged on the side, purlin space and the form of gable part and aesthetical effect of chunyeo maru. Against this backdrop and with the assumption that this phenomenon is more apparent in roofs of three-bay-kan Buddhist temples with the hipped and gable roof among national treasure Buddhist temples, this study has aimed to prove that a roof can be built in a less slender rectangular type than that of flat form and to present the building methodology and found the following findings. First, The ratio of lateral to longitudinal length of the roof has been adjusted by protruding the chunyeo and the method of adjusting the ratio of lateral to longitudinal length of the roof is considered to be determined depending on the availability of woods to be used in chunyeo. Second, in order to symmetrically arrange the edge of the roof, which is critical from the perspective of construction morphology, the chunyeo angle has been intentionally adjusted to reduce the gap of length between the front roof and the lateral roof. To sum up, the characteristic of the hipped and gable roof, which is difficult to be built in slender rectangular type, is more clearly shown in the roof and it is identified that the length of the front roof and the lateral roof has been intentionally adjusted to achieve the symmetrical arrangement of roofline of the roof edge.