• 제목/요약/키워드: g-index

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기계적 치태조절 보조제로서 C31G, Listerine, CPC의 초기 치주염에 대한 임상적 효과 (Effects of the C31G, Listerine and CPC as a adjunctives to the mechanical plaque control on the early periodontitis)

  • 김종관;박지숙;한광희;서종진;최성호;조규성;채중규
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.631-646
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to access the clinical effects of C31G, Listerine and CPC on the earlyx periodontitis when they were used as a adjunctives to the mechanical plaque control. Each groups were composed of 12 patients and in three test groups, C31G(Exp 1 group), Listerine(Exp 2 group) and CPC mouthrinse(Exp 3 group) were used three times a day. and as a control, placebo solution was used. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, pocket depth and loss of attachment were measured as clinical parameters. After scaling and oral hygiene instruction, root planing is done two weeks later. During the eight weeks of experimental period, mouth gargling is done by all groups. The changes in the clinical parameters of the all sites were monitored every two weeks. The results were as follows : 1. The plaque index showed a siginificant difference in Exp 1 group compared with test 2 group after 2 weeks use of mouth rinse(P<0.05). 2. The gingival index showed a significant difference in Exp 1 group compared with baseline value(P<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the groups after 2 weeks use of mouthrinse (P<0.05). 3. The plaque index, gingival index and bleeding index showed a significant difference in all groups compared with baseline value after 4 weeks of root planing and mouthrinse use(P<0.05). but there was no significant difference between the groups(P<0.05). 4. Periodontal pocket depth showed a significant difference in all groups compared with baseline value after 4 weeks of root planing and mouthrinse use(P<0.05). and there was significant difference between the Exp 1 group and control group(P<0.05). 5. Loss of attachment showed a significant difference in all Exp groups compared with baseline value after 4 weeks of root planing and mouthrinse use(P<0.05). and there was significant difference between the Exp 1 group and control group(P<0.05). The results suggest that C31G, Listerine and CPC were effective for early periodontitis as a adjunctive to mechanical plaqe control.

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고지방 식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 비만지수 및 식이 아연과 철분 수준에 따른 혈청 미량무기질 함량 변화 (Effects of Dietary Zinc and Iron Levels on Serum Trace Minerals and Obesity Index in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats)

  • 김현숙;승정자
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.325-330
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obesity index and effect of dietary zinc and iron levels on serum trace minerals status in the high fat diet-induced obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control and high fat diet groups. Ten weeks later, the control and high fat diet group were rearranged into six groups by zinc and iron levels. After 16 wk serum zinc, iron, copper and manganese was analyzed. Obesity index was significantly higher in the group fed high fat diet (20% lard) than that of control group (5% corn oil). Body fat content was 12.10$\pm$4.51g/100g BW in high fat diet group and 7.64$\pm$4.18g/100g BW in control group. So, the obese rats were successfully induced by high fat diet. The trace mineral concentration of obese rats in serum were affected by zinc levels. Serum zinc concentration was increased by dietary zinc overload, whereas the iron, copper and manganese were decreased. Specially the manganese concentration was significantly affected by zinc levels. In both groups, serum trace mineral concentration was not changed significantly by the dietary iron levels. There were positive correlations between zinc, iron and manganese concentration according to dietary zinc and iron levels.

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자동 계측 기법을 이용한 서울 주요 가로의 녹시율 분석 (The Study on Index of Greeness in Streets of Seoul by Using Automatic Measurement Techniques)

  • 남창진;방재성;장대희
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2012
  • In this study, we measured the Index of Greeness(I.O.G) and analyzed factors that affect in downtown street of Seoul. The aim of this article is to provide an ways of improving I.O.G, with an emphasis on accuracy of measurement. We utilized the autimatic measurment techniques proposed by Tonosaki to solve the problem of accuracy in measurement. The result is as follows : Firstly, the average I.O.G of Gwanghwamun Plaza is 15.76%, Jongno is 11.48% and Dasanro(from Yaksu station to Beotigogae station) is 6.36%. According to the comprehensive analysis in three reseach areas, it shows that I.O.G is intimately linked with planting method, species of trees and the presence of wall planting. Secondly, it was analyzed that grass and ground-cover planting promote I.O.G better than other method. The I.O.G of photo which contains grass is 45.47%. According to the comparative analysis between tree planting and multi-planting method, the presence of lower planting showed a difference about 8.77% of I.O.G.. From the persipective of I.O.G, tree planting with two lines is more effective than one. The difference of two ways is about 3.24%. Thirdly, it is an efficint way to use the wall planting or vertical planting in order to promote I.O.G.. In Dasanro, The I.O.G of photo which contains wall planting or vertical planting is 45.47% in contrast to the average of I.O.G. is 6.36%. Fourthly, the difference of I.O.G between broadleaf tree and needleleaf tree was larger than we thought. If look closely confined to this study, the I.O.G of street planted by Pine is 3.61% and Eastern Sycamore Family Bottonwood is 12.55%.

Relation Between News Topics and Variations in Pharmaceutical Indices During COVID-19 Using a Generalized Dirichlet-Multinomial Regression (g-DMR) Model

  • Kim, Jang Hyun;Park, Min Hyung;Kim, Yerin;Nan, Dongyan;Travieso, Fernando
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.1630-1648
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    • 2021
  • Owing to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the pharmaceutical industry has attracted considerable attention, spurred by the widespread expectation of vaccine development. In this study, we collect relevant topics from news articles related to COVID-19 and explore their links with two South Korean pharmaceutical indices, the Drug and Medicine index of the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) and the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (KOSDAQ) Pharmaceutical index. We use generalized Dirichlet-multinomial regression (g-DMR) to reveal the dynamic topic distributions over metadata of index values. The results of our analysis, obtained using g-DMR, reveal that a greater focus on specific news topics has a significant relationship with fluctuations in the indices. We also provide practical and theoretical implications based on this analysis.

STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY MEASURE BASED ON IUE MG II H+K EMISSION LINES OF MAIN-SEQUENCE G STARS

  • Kim, Dowoon;Choi, Hwajin;Yi, Yu
    • 천문학회지
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    • 제55권2호
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2022
  • Stellar magnetic activity is important for formulating the evolution of the star. To represent the stellar magnetic activity, the S index is defined using the Ca II H+K flux measure from the Mount Wilson Observatory. Mg II lines are generated in a manner similar to the formation of Ca II lines, which are more sensitive to weak chromospheric activity. Mg II flux data are available from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). Thus, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the magnetic activity of stars. We used 343 high-resolution IUE spectra of 14 main-sequence G stars to obtain the Mg II continuum surface flux and Mg II line-core flux around 2,800 Å. We calculated S index using the IUE spectra and compared it with the conventional Mount Wilson S index. We found a color (B - V ) dependent association between the S index and the Mg II emission line-core flux. Furthermore, we attempted to obtain the magnetic activity cycles of these stars based on the new S index. Unfortunately, this was not successful because the IUE observation interval of approximately 17 years is too short to estimate the magnetic activity cycles of G-type stars, whose cycles may be longer than the 11 year mean activity cycle of the sun.

A property of surface groups

  • Moon, Myoung-Ho
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.825-829
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    • 1996
  • We prove that if G is the fundamental group of a closed surface or a Seifert fibered space and K is a finitely generated subgroup of G, and if for any element g in G there exists an integer $n_g$ such that $g^{n_g}$ belongs to K, then K is of finite index in G.

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SOME PROPERTIES ON f-EDGE COVERED CRITICAL GRAPHS

  • Wang, Jihui;Hou, Jianfeng;Liu, Guizhen
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제24권1_2호
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    • pp.357-366
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    • 2007
  • Let G(V, E) be a simple graph, and let f be an integer function on V with $1{\leq}f(v){\leq}d(v)$ to each vertex $v{\in}V$. An f-edge cover-coloring of a graph G is a coloring of edge set E such that each color appears at each vertex $v{\in}V$ at least f(v) times. The f-edge cover chromatic index of G, denoted by ${\chi}'_{fc}(G)$, is the maximum number of colors such that an f-edge cover-coloring of G exists. Any simple graph G has an f-edge cover chromatic index equal to ${\delta}_f\;or\;{\delta}_f-1,\;where\;{\delta}_f{=}^{min}_{v{\in}V}\{\lfloor\frac{d(v)}{f(v)}\rfloor\}$. Let G be a connected and not complete graph with ${\chi}'_{fc}(G)={\delta}_f-1$, if for each $u,\;v{\in}V\;and\;e=uv{\nin}E$, we have ${\chi}'_{fc}(G+e)>{\chi}'_{fc}(G)$, then G is called an f-edge covered critical graph. In this paper, some properties on f-edge covered critical graph are discussed. It is proved that if G is an f-edge covered critical graph, then for each $u,\;v{\in}V\;and\;e=uv{\nin}E$ there exists $w{\in}\{u,v\}\;with\;d(w)\leq{\delta}_f(f(w)+1)-2$ such that w is adjacent to at least $d(w)-{\delta}_f+1$ vertices which are all ${\delta}_f-vertex$ in G.

적정 포장설계를 위한 과실의 바이오 허용 충격지수 추정 (Estimation of the Allowable Bio-shock Fragility Index of Fruits for Optimum Packaging Design)

  • 김기석;정현모;김기복;김만수
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.416-421
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    • 2007
  • Physical damage to fruits and vegetables caused by shock degrades the value of product in the fresh market. In order to design a product/packaging system to protect the product, the G-factor to the product that causes shock damage needs to be determined. The shock fragility of organisms such as fruits with a concept correspondent to the G-factor of industrial products was calculated and we defined the allowable bio-shock fragility index as the value divided peak acceleration that was generated in safe drop height by standard acceleration of gravity. We did modeling for safe drop hight that would prevent fruits from damage by drop tests and tried to estimate the allowable bio-shock fragility index of pears and apples for optimum packaging design. The bio-shock fragility index of pears was in the range of $0.74{\sim}2.29\;G$, while apples had a slightly higher value than that of pears, of $0.51{\sim}2.98\;G$. This result shows accordance with the general fact that apples have a firmer structure and get less damage from the same impact. Based on this result, it is possible to create an optimum packaging design by providing a damage standard by impact.

The Line n-sigraph of a Symmetric n-sigraph-V

  • Reddy, P. Siva Kota;Nagaraja, K.M.;Geetha, M.C.
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제54권1호
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 2014
  • An n-tuple ($a_1,a_2,{\ldots},a_n$) is symmetric, if $a_k$ = $a_{n-k+1}$, $1{\leq}k{\leq}n$. Let $H_n$ = {$(a_1,a_2,{\ldots},a_n)$ ; $a_k$ ${\in}$ {+,-}, $a_k$ = $a_{n-k+1}$, $1{\leq}k{\leq}n$} be the set of all symmetric n-tuples. A symmetric n-sigraph (symmetric n-marked graph) is an ordered pair $S_n$ = (G,${\sigma}$) ($S_n$ = (G,${\mu}$)), where G = (V,E) is a graph called the underlying graph of $S_n$ and ${\sigma}$:E ${\rightarrow}H_n({\mu}:V{\rightarrow}H_n)$ is a function. The restricted super line graph of index r of a graph G, denoted by $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$(G). The vertices of $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$(G) are the r-subsets of E(G) and two vertices P = ${p_1,p_2,{\ldots},p_r}$ and Q = ${q_1,q_2,{\ldots},q_r}$ are adjacent if there exists exactly one pair of edges, say $p_i$ and $q_j$, where $1{\leq}i$, $j{\leq}r$, that are adjacent edges in G. Analogously, one can define the restricted super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r of a symmetric n-sigraph $S_n$ = (G,${\sigma}$) as a symmetric n-sigraph $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$($S_n$) = ($\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(G)$, ${\sigma}$'), where $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(G)$ is the underlying graph of $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$, where for any edge PQ in $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$, ${\sigma}^{\prime}(PQ)$=${\sigma}(P){\sigma}(Q)$. It is shown that for any symmetric n-sigraph $S_n$, its $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ is i-balanced and we offer a structural characterization of super line symmetric n-sigraphs of index r. Further, we characterize symmetric n-sigraphs $S_n$ for which $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$~$\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ and $$\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n){\sim_=}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$$, where ~ and $$\sim_=$$ denotes switching equivalence and isomorphism and $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ and $\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ are denotes the restricted super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r and super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r of $S_n$ respectively.

EXTREMAL ATOM-BOND CONNECTIVITY INDEX OF CACTUS GRAPHS

  • ASHRAFI, ALI REZA;DEHGHAN-ZADEH, TAYEBEH;HABIBI, NADER
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.283-295
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    • 2015
  • The atom-bond connectivity index of a graph G (ABC index for short) is defined as the summation of quantities $\sqrt{\frac{d(u)+d(v)-2}{d(u)d(v)}}$ over all edges of G. A cactus graph is a connected graph in which every block is an edge or a cycle. The aim of this paper is to obtain the first and second maximum values of the ABC index among all n vertex cactus graphs.