• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to examine neurologic changes, fusion rate and degree of kyphosis from the surgical results of those patients who underwent multi-level anterior interbody fusion and internal fixation. Methods : Among 63 cases of the patients who received multi-level anterior interbody fusion and internal fixation in 5 years between 1995 to 1999 at the neurosurgery department, we performed a retrospective study in 52 cases that could be followed up with dynamic view imaging ; the results were compared and analyzed. The analysis was based on the results of history taking, physical findings and radiologic findings, and Odom criteria were used to classify those cases with neurologic changes. Results : Among those 52 cases in whom the follow-up was possible for at least a year and dynamic view imaging was possible, bone fusion was seen in 93% of the trauma cases and 95% in the non-trauma cases and overall bone fusion was observed in 94% of the cases. Bone fusion was seen in 93% of the autobone cases, 95% of the allobone cases, and 94% of the Mesh cases. Radiologic changes were observed by comparing the lateral view after surgery ; kyphosis was seen in 53% of the autobone cases, in 70% of the allobone cases, and in 35% of Mesh cases ; in 45% and 60% of the non-trauma cases and trauma cases, respectively ; and in 55% of the 2 level fusion cases and 46% of the 3 level fusion cases. Neurologic changes classified according to Odom criteria showed excellent result in 48% of all the cases, good in 23%, fair in 4%, and poor in 25%. Conclusion : Even those cases with multi-level fusion, a high fusion rate could be obtained by performing anterior interbody fusion and internal fixation ; those cases with kyphosis were related more with the presence or absence of posterior compartment injury rather than the fusion level ; and those trauma cases showed not much difference in the fusion rate compared with non-trauma cases but had a high possibility of kyphosis.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

The aim of this review was to evaluate minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion on the latest update. Lumbar interbody fusion was introduced recently. This study performed, a literature review of the indications, clinical outcomes, fusion rate, and complications regarding recently highlighted minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion. The indications of lateral lumbar interbody fusion are similar to the conventional anterior and posterior interbody fusion in degenerative lumbar diseases. In particular, lateral lumbar interbody fusion is an effective minimally invasive surgery in spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, degenerative adult deformity, degenerative disc disease and adjacent segment disease. In addition, the clinical outcomes and fusion rates of lateral lumbar interbody fusion are similar compared to conventional lumbar fusion. On the other hand, non-specific complications including hip flexor weakness, nerve injury, vascular injury, visceral injury, cage subsidence and pseudohernia have been reported. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion is a very useful minimally invasive surgery because it has advantages over conventional anterior and posterior interbody fusion without many of the disadvantages. Nevertheless, nonspecific complications during lateral lumbar interbody fusion procedure remain a challenge to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.135-152
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose an optimal fusion method of aerial multi - sensor data to improve the accuracy of land cover classification. Recently, in the fields of environmental impact assessment and land monitoring, high-resolution image data has been acquired for many regions for quantitative land management using aerial multi-sensor, but most of them are used only for the purpose of the project. Hyperspectral sensor data, which is mainly used for land cover classification, has the advantage of high classification accuracy, but it is difficult to classify the accurate land cover state because only the visible and near infrared wavelengths are acquired and of low spatial resolution. Therefore, there is a need for research that can improve the accuracy of land cover classification by fusing hyperspectral sensor data with multispectral sensor and aerial laser sensor data. As a fusion method of aerial multisensor, we proposed a pixel ratio adjustment method, a band accumulation method, and a spectral graph adjustment method. Fusion parameters such as fusion rate, band accumulation, spectral graph expansion ratio were selected according to the fusion method, and the fusion data generation and degree of land cover classification accuracy were calculated by applying incremental changes to the fusion variables. Optimal fusion variables for hyperspectral data, multispectral data and aerial laser data were derived by considering the correlation between land cover classification accuracy and fusion variables.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.142-149
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• 2015

Most of the mono-camera based lane detection systems are fragile on poor illumination conditions. In order to compensate limitations of single sensor utilization, lane information fusion system using multiple lane sensors is an alternative to stabilize performance and guarantee high precision. However, conventional fusion schemes, which only concerns object detection, are inappropriate to apply to the lane information fusion. Even few studies considering lane information fusion have dealt with limited aids on back-up sensor or omitted cases of asynchronous multi-rate and coverage. In this paper, we propose a lane information fusion scheme utilizing multiple lane sensors with different coverage and cycle. The precise lane information fusion is achieved by the proposed fusion framework which considers individual ranging capability and processing time of diverse types of lane sensors. In addition, a novel lane estimation model is proposed to synchronize multi-rate sensors precisely by up-sampling spare lane information signals. Through quantitative vehicle-level experiments with around view monitoring system and frontal camera system, we demonstrate the robustness of the proposed lane fusion scheme.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.99-106
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to bring supportive ways to reinforce the market competitiveness of fusion industry based on the rapidly arising fusion industries considering system improvement and fusion R&D support. The research has proceeded in the order of setup for competitiveness reinforcing way of fusion industry and deduction for competitiveness reinforcing way based on directivity. It classified the fusion industry into introduction, diffusion and development by time, and suggested expert fusion R&D, open type fusion R&D, customized fusion R&D, system improvement of market entrance and supportive way for public purchase as the supportive way. It's purpose is to lead the entrance into the new fusion market, stabilize to settle into the market and create high value products by resolving difficulties for the market entrance of the new fusion products & service, reinforcing the fusion capability and securing the competitive advantage.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2001

What is 'fusion'\ulcorner And how should we accept it, which has been appeared before us with an irresistible force in the 21 century through the whole area of scientific branches\ulcorner And does it mean a mere physical 'mixture' or a chemical 'compound' among the fused parties\ulcorner And is it an impartial fusion among the parties or a partial Fusion absorbed by the stronger party\ulcorner We cannot give a right answer without full comprehension of the meaning and process of Fusion. In this respect, 1 would like to touch upon many of these matters on Fusion and stir a attention to the fact that our life quality must not be damaged by the sudden appearance of Fusion in this era. In the future, there will be a bigger Fusion in so many a field than now between the advanced and the underdeveloped countries of the world. Nevertheless, it doesn't always follow that Fusion gives us the best way of arriving to happy lives. There are still too many undesirable things in it. And then, I conclude that it is through the multidisciplinary research and its systematic analyses that we can solve many negative problems on Fusion.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.459-466
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• 2008

The KSTAR Magnet Power Supply (MPS) was dedicated to the SC coil commissioning and $1^{st}$ plasma experiment as a part of the system commissioning. Although many efforts to develop large-current power supplies that are useful for high power electronic devices have been made in various application fields, such as for large metal-plating devices, there were clear discrepancies between conventional power supply technologies and that for the SC coils due to the special SC coil load conditions. Therefore, most of the power supply technologies for the SC coils were a challenge in the domestic research area due to their limited application. However, the MPS commissioning result showed that all of the hardware and controlling software operated well, and this result finally led to the success of SC coil commissioning and the KSTAR $1^{st}$ plasma experiment. This paper will describe key features of KSTAR MPS for the $1^{st}$ plasma experiment, and will also report the commissioning results of the magnet power supplies.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

In this paper, we develop a speaker gender classification technique using collaborative sensor fusion for use in a wireless sensor network. The distributed sensor nodes remove the unwanted input data using the BER(Band Energy Ration) based voice activity detection, process only the relevant data, and transmit the hard labeled decisions to the fusion center where a global decision fusion is carried out. This takes advantages of power consumption and network resource management. The Bayesian sensor fusion and the global weighting decision fusion methods are proposed to achieve the gender classification. As the number of the sensor nodes varies, the Bayesian sensor fusion yields the best classification accuracy using the optimal operating points of the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves_ For the weights used in the global decision fusion, the BER and MCL(Mutual Confidence Level) are employed to effectively combined at the fusion center. The simulation results show that as the number of the sensor nodes increases, the classification accuracy was even more improved in the low SNR(Signal to Noise Ration) condition.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.368-375
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• 2003

Data fusion approach is investigated to avoid suction in the left ventricular assist system (LVAS) using a nonpulsatile pump. LVAS requires careful control of pump speed to support the heart while preventing suction in the left ventricle and providing proper cardiac output at adequate perfusion pressure to the body. Since the implanted sensors are usually unreliable for long-term use, a sensorless approach is adopted to detect suction. The pump model is developed to provide the load coefficient as a necessary signal to the data fusion system without the implanted sensors. The load coefficient of the pump mimics the pulsatility property of the actual pump flow and provides more comparable information than the pump flow after suction occurs. Four signals are generated from the load coefficient as inputs to the data fusion system for suction detection and a neural fuzzy method is implemented to construct the data fusion system. The data fusion approach has a good ability to classify suction status and it can also be used to design a controller for LVAS.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.448-453
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• 1997

Protoplast fusion between isoleucine-, argihine- and thymidine-requiring auxotroph $(Ile^{-}, Arg^{-}, Thy^{-})$ of Lentinula edodes and arginine-requiring auxotroph $(Arg^-)$ of Coriolus versicolor has been achieved using 30% polyethylene glycol (M.W.4000) in 10 mM $CaCl_2$-glycine solution (pH 8.0). Fusion hybrids were selected in the 0.6 M sucrose supplemented minimal media on the basis of nutritional complementation with fusion frequency of $7.4{\times}10{-6}$ The hybrids included both parental and non-parental types in colony morphology, growth rate and isozyme patterns. We succeeded inter-order protoplast fusion between the auxotrophs of Lentinula edodes and Coriolus versicolor overcoming the natural barriers of incompatibility. We examined the characteristics of the hybrids and clarified the fusion rocess using electron microscopy.