• Title/Summary/Keyword: fusel alcohol

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Studies on the Distillation Operation of Baikha-ju (백하주의 증류조작에 관한 연구)

  • Min, Young-Kyoo;Yun, Hyang-Sik;Jeong, Heon-Sang
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.9-13
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    • 1994
  • Baikhaju, the traditional Korean rice wine was brewed and distilled at various conditions-at different pressure (760, 460, 260 mmHg), different reflux ratio (3.1 : 1, 1 : 1) and different column conditions (packed and unpacked), and distillation operation was investigated. The sample wine, Baikhaju showed alcohol content of 14.2%, acidity 8.3 (g/100 ml), ethyl acetate 49 ppm, fusel oil 657 ppm. As the distillation was proceeded, alcohol concentration of distillate was decreased and that was higher in atmospheric pressure rather than reduced pressure. When the pressure was increased, the slope showed the relation of alcohol concentration between still liquid and vapour was increased, and also as the reflux ratio was increased, alcohol concentration of distillate was increased, and that was 0.56 mole at the reflux ratio 3.1 : 1 at atmospheric pressure, where 0.54 mole at 1 : 1 reflux ratio. As the distillation was proceeded, the rate of distillation was decreased, and that was higher values in the reduced pressure than atmospheric pressure. The maximum value (0.14 ml/s) of rate of distillation was observed in the packed column at 260 mmHg. As the reflux ratio was increased, the rate of distillation was decreased, and that was 0.05 ml/sec at reflux ratio 3.1 : 1 at atmospheric pressure, where 0.06 ml/sec at 1 : 1 reflux ratio.

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Quality Characteristics of Tomato Wine on Fermentation Conditions (알코올 발효 조건에 따른 토마토 과실주의 품질특성)

  • Jang, Se-Young;Woo, Seung-Mi;Jo, Yong-Jun;Kim, Ok-Mi;Kim, I-Ho;Jeong, Yong-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.443-448
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    • 2010
  • This study investigated alcohol fermentation conditions for preparation of tomato wine. The alcohol contents of tomato wines prepared from semi-mature and full-mature tomato were about 11% whereas that of immature tomato was slightly lower (10.6%). When characteristics of tomato alcohol fermentation were examined on pre-treatment conditions, the wine from full mature-crushed whole tomato contained lower alcohol at 10.6% than those of full mature-crushed tomato removed stem and full mature-tomato juice removed stem (about 11%). For the effect of initial sugar, the alcohol content and sugar content of tomato wine increased in proportion to the concentration of initial sugar (8.8~14.4% and $5.5{\sim}9.2^{\circ}Brix$). However, initial titratable acidity and pH did not affect the alcohol contents during fermentation, and suggesting needed to be supplementation for sensory improvement of tomato wine. When the quality characteristics of tomato wine fermented under these optimal conditions were investigated, alcohol content, sugar content, titratable acidity and pH were found to be 11.1%, $6.1^{\circ}Brix$, 0.68% and 3.7, respectively. For alcohol components, the total amounts of methanol and fusel oil were 346 ppm and 313 ppm. In addition, maltose showed the highest level of 264.6 mg% in the free sugar analysis of tomato wine whereas sucrose contained 18.7 mg%.

Characteristics of Volatile Compound Adsorption from Alcoholic Model Solution onto Various Activated Carbons (알코올모델용액을 이용한 여러 종류 활성탄의 휘발성화합물 흡착특성)

  • Park, Seung-Kook;Lee, Myung-Soo;Kim, Byung-Ho;Kim, Dae-Ok
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2010
  • Ten commercial activated carbons (ACs) prepared from four different sources (bamboo, wood, peat, and coal) were evaluated for their adsorptive efficiency of six volatile compounds (isoamyl alcohol, hexanal, furfural, ethyl lactate, ethyl octanoate, 2-phenyl ethanol) which were dissolved in a 30% alcoholic model solution. These six volatile compounds are frequently found in alcoholic beverages and possibly contribute to physiological hangover due to their high concentrations. They are also generally regarded as off-flavor compounds at certain levels in alcoholic beverages such as whisky and vodka. Two hundred mL of 30% alcoholic solutions containing these six volatile compounds were treated with 0.2 g of ACs while stirring for 16 hr; the treated solutions were then measured for their adsorptive efficiencies (or removal efficiencies) by gas chromatographic analysis using two different sampling methods (direct liquid injection and headspace-solid phase microextraction). The adsorptive efficiencies of the ACs varied depending on the identity of the volatile compounds and the source material used for making the ACs. Ethyl octanoate, 2-phenyl ethanol, and hexanal were removed at high efficiencies (34-100%), whereas isoamyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, and furfural were removed at low efficiencies (5-13%). AC prepared from bamboo showed a high removal efficiency for isoamyl alcohol, aldehydes (hexanal and furfural), and 2-phenyl ethanol; these major fusel oils have been implicated as congeners responsible for alcohol hangover.

Studies on Kokja of High Quality(Part 1) Preparation of new type Kokja and its activity (국자(麴子)의 개량(改良)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(제(第) 1 보(報)) 개량국자(改良麴子)의 제조(製造) 및 그 능력(能力))

  • Chung, Ho-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.88-92
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    • 1970
  • 1. Aflatoxin free and highly active new type kokja was made with strong two strains of yeast (Y-16, Y-21) and two strains of highly saccharifying active Aspergillus (A-32, A-11). And they were isolated from many kinds of kokja (over hundred) collected from all over Korea. 2. Activities of new type kokja was compared with old type kokja, and results were as following. (i) Saccharifying activity; New type kokja B, C and D were excellent (over 8. 0%), and home made old type kokja were poor quality. (ii) Alcohol fermentation; New type kokja C and D were over 12% and the old type K-12 and K-161 were low activity (less than 10%). (iii) Acid fermentation; Old type kokja K-2o and K-156 (industrial use) were better than the new type C and D. (iv) Fusel oil fermentation; Old type kokja K-23, K-26 (industrial use) and K-12 (home made) fermented high fusel oil (0.07%) and new type kokja C, D and B were the lowest (0.04%). 3. Adding food preservatives (AF-2, D.E.P.C.) and heat sterilizing of wheat bran for kokja had little concerning with the activity of new type kokja. 4. In brewing test, takju made from kokja C and D were more excellent in alcohol and fusel oil concentration than those from old type kokja K-1 and K-23. Taste and odour of takju from new type kokja was good enough to drink.

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Alcohol Fermentation Characteristics of the Korean Native Mulberry (Morus spp.)

  • Kim, Ok-Mi;Woo, Seung-Mi;Park, Yong-Kon;Jeong, Yong-Jin
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.166-170
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate the fermentation characteristics and optimum conditions for alcohol fermentation of the Korean native mulberry. The yeast strains of S. kluyveri DJ97, La parisienne (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Netherlands) and Enoferm (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Denmark) produced higher alcohol concentrations than other strains, and further study was therefore performed with these three species. The optimum additional water content for maximizing alcohol concentration was 250% (v/w). The alcohol concentrations were rapidly increased in the first 4 days under the optimum conditions and reached 13.8% for S. kluyveri DJ97, 14.0% for La parisienne and 14.0% for Enoferm, respectively. Residual sugar concentration was decreased steadily from the beginning of fermentation until 5 days, after which it maintained a constant level. The pH was decreased steadily in the log phase during further maturation. However, the pH underwent a slight decrease after 4 days and then was stabilized during further maturation. Methanol concentrations for the three species used were analyzed after 60 days maturation and were lower than the levels regulated by the food standard. Fusel oils such as n-propanol, iso-butanol, and iso-amyl-alcohol were produced as by-products with the highest production from Enoferm and the lowest from S. kluyveri DJ97.

Higher Alcohols composition in Korean Alcoholic Beverages (국내산 증류주의 고급 알콜 조성에 관하여)

  • 이해금;최용순;정의호
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.257-261
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    • 1989
  • In order to evaluate the characteristics and quality of various Korean alcoholic beverage, the higher alcohols profiles were analyzed by gas-chromatography. Total amount of the higher alcohols depended on the type and class of the liquors. Gaschromatographic analysis showed that the type of Gin, Rum and Vodka except for SB contain n-propanol mainly. The amount of the higher alcohols determined was proportional to the content of the originally fermented liquor in the whisky. The difference in the ratio of iso-amyl alcohol content to that of iso-butanol may be useful as a parameter in evaluating the class of the whisky.

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The Production of Traditional Alcoholic Beverage in Containing Medicinal Herb (한약재를 첨가한 전통주개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Sook;Park, Young-Sook
    • Food Science and Industry
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 2007
  • 저온발효와 고온발효에 의하여 만들어진 민속주를 증류하여 알콜돗를 45%로 같이 맞추어 성분함량을 비교하였다. 발효온도에 따른 환원당의 함량을 나타내고 있으며 저온발효 민속주는 15 mg/100 mL, 고온발효 민속주는 5 mg/100 mL로 나타났다. 즉 저온 발효에서 환원당의 양이 많았으며, 그러나 시중에 판매되고 있는 소주보다는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 향기 성분에 생성과정에 영향을 주는 Fusel alcohol을 볼 때 반적으로는 발효액에 아미노산이 없는 것보다는 많을 수록 많은 양의 fusel alcohol을 생성되기는 하지만, fusel alcohol을 생성하기위한 조건은 효모의 종류, 발효조건, 발효온도, 발효액의 조성 등의 복잡한 인자가 관련된다. 본 연구에 제조한 발효주를 소주의 아미노산과 비교할 때 아미노산 함량이 전반적으로 20-100도 낮은 함량치로 나타났다. 한약재 첨가로 인하여 면역증강, 살세포 반응 억제효과, 기능성 전통주로 좋은 발효주로 인정되지만 한약재특유의 강한 향기를 약화시키는 연구가 금후에 보완되어야 한다고 본다. 발효온도에 따른 아미노산의 함량은 저온발효 조미주에서 cysteine, valine, mrthionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine이 많았으며, 고온발효 조미주에서는 serine, glycine, leucine이 많았다. 한 alanine, tyrisine, lysine은 고온발효주에는 있으나, 저온발효주에서는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 저온발효주와 고온 발효주 모두 시중에 판매되고 있는 소주보다는 아주 낮은 경향을 보였다. 저온발효와 고온발효에 의하여 만들어진 민속주를 증류하여 알콜 도수를 45%로 같이 맞추어 성분함량을 비교하였다. 발효온도에 따른 환원당의 함량을 나타내고 있으며 저온발효 민속주는 15 mg/100 mL, 고온발효 민속주는 5 mg/100 mL로 나타났다. 즉 저온 발효에서 환원당의 양이 많았으며, 그러나 시중에 판매되고 있는 소주보다는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 아미노산 실험에서는 소주와 45% 고온 발효주를 비교 할 때 serine, glycine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine 등은 100배, alanine, valine, isoleucine 80배, ammonia 20배 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. OD 측정의 실험결과 또한 control과 비교시 40% 발효주에서는 10배, 45% 고은 발효주에서는 100배 낮은 측정치가 나타났으므로 한약재의 색소성분을 휘발시키는 기술이 요구된다고 본다. 항균성실험에서 항균성 측정은 06 cm paper disk agar diffusion법을 이용하였으며, 43%의 발효주와, 45% 고온 발효주가 항균력이 가장 강력한 0.95 cm의 영향을 나타냈다. 사용한 사용한 Gram 양성, Gram 음성 균주는 Escherichia coli KCCM 11591를 제외하고는 0.8 - 0.95 cm로 항균력이 강했으며, Gram negitive의 Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 1750 에서는 43% 발효주에는 0.95 cm, 45% 고은 발효주에는 0.95 cm의 항균성을 나타냈으며 관능평가에서도 가장 높게 났다. 관능평가에서는 45% 고온 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 항산화성 실험에 나타난 저온 45%의 갈색도의 측정과는 항산화성에서는 좀 다른 결과를 나타낸다. 그러나 항균성이 가장 높게 나타난 43-45%와 관능평가에서 가장 높게 나타난 45% 고온 발효주를 볼 때 본 연구에서는 고온 발효주 45%가 가장 우수한 전통주로 조사되었다. 발효주를 소주의 아미노산과 비교할 때 아미노산 함량이 전반적으로 100배 정도 낮은 함량치로 나타났으므로, 한약재 첨가로 인하여 면역증강, 살세포반응 억제효과, 기능성전통주로 좋은 발효주로 인정되지만 한약재특유의 강한 향기를 약화시켜서 부드럽고 은은한 전통발효주의 연구가 금후에 보완되어야 한다고 본다.

쌀막걸리에 관한 연구 (제 1보) 분리균(M-80)의 당화용 종균으로서의 이용성에 관하여

  • 조용학;성낙계
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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    • 1978.10a
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    • pp.204.1-204
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    • 1978
  • 자연계에서 분리한 곰팡이 (Aspergillus sp.)중 전분을 잘 자화하여 특히 citric acid 생성능이 강한 6균 주중 한 균주를 선정하여 현재 쌀막걸리 제국용 종균으로 사용되고 있는 백국(Aspergillus kawachii)과 여러가지 효소의 역가와 alcohol, total acid, vo-latile acid, citric acid, reducing sugar, fusel oil, me-thanol 등을 경시적으로 측정하고 아미노산자동분석기 (JLC-6 AH, N. 310)에 의하여 유리아미노산 양을 비교분석하여 쌀막걸리 제국용 종균으로서의 이용가능성을 조사하여 그 결과를 보고하는 바이다.

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Aroma Produced by Scharomyces cerevisiae Using Various Amino Acids (아미노산(酸)의 종류(種類)에 따라 Sacchromyces cerevisiae가 생성(生成)하는 향기(香氣)의 변화(變化))

  • Shin, Hyun-Kyung;Ahn, Byung-Hak
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.196-201
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    • 1985
  • Several interesting aromas could be produced from the cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae depending on the amino acids used as sole nitrogen source. The yeast produced a fusel oil odor in leucine-medium, an aroma of traditional Korean rice wine in aspartic acid-medium and a floral note in phenylalanine-medium, respectively, Ethanol, iso-amyl alcohol, iso-butanol and n-propanol were found as major volatile con stituents in all the above three cultures. In addition to these compounds, phenethyl alcohol was present as major volatiles both in the aroma concentrates of the phenyl alanine and aspartic acid cultures, and phenethyl acetate only in the phenylalanine culture.

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Studies on Brewing Conlditions of Takjoo with Commercial Enzyme (Part 2) Quality Examination of Takjoo (시판 정제산소제를 이용한 탁주제조에 관한 연구 (제이보) 탁주의 품질검토)

  • 강효원;권태종;이일근
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1975
  • The chemical components and quality of Takjoo mash were examined on the product brewed by the case of commercial amylase, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and the yeast. 1. Lactic acid was produced at the range of 917~1,350 mg per 100 ml of the mash brewed using wheat flour, corn flour, rice and pressed barley, while succinic acid was formed at the range of 6~32 mg per 100m1 of the mash. 2. Citric acid was formed at the concentration of 6.5mg per 100m1 of the mash on the use of pressed barley, and malic acid formed at the concentration of 1.7 mg and 1.4 mg per 100m1 of the mash respectively, on the use of wheat flour and corn flour. 3. No remarkable differences between the kind of raw materials and commercial amylases and compared with the mash brewed with Nurook were observed in the components of fusel oil formed in the mash. 4. Seventeen kinds of the amino acids of the mash brewed with commercial amylase, Lactobacillus and the yeast were detected and its content was 31mg per 100ml, which is less than that of the conventional takjoo, but the contents of glycine and alanine which pray as the component of seasoning in takjoo were sufficient.

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