• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Recent progress of several kinds of compounds which have been synthesized or isolated from natural fungi for screening or conducting test as agricultural fungicides as well as some formulations for wood stain and decay control have been reviewed in this paper in China. Comments were pointed for Chinas further research and development of fungicides as well as pesticides.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.447-452
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• 2008

Four hundred and sixty six isolates of B. cinerea were obtained from infected leaves, stems and fruits of paprika grown in greenhouses or plastic film houses in Gangwon province, Korea, between August and November in 2006 and 2007. These isolates were classified into five representative phenotypes of resistant (R) and sensitive (S) reactions as SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS and RSR according to the responses of isolates against benzimidazole, dicarboximide and N-phenyl-carbamate fungicide in order. The percentage of five phenotypes were 51.3, 2.4, 35.6, 8.1 and 2.6%, respectively. The SSR phenotype (51.3%) was the most common. Among the nineteen fungicide products evaluated to compare their efficacy against gray mold pathogen on the paprika fruit inoculated with fungal mycelia, the mixture of diethofencarb and carbendazim was the most effective followed by iprodione, boscalid, the mixture of iprodione and thiophanate-methyl, fludioxonil, polyoxin-B, fluazinam, the mixture of tebuconazole and tolyfluanid and procymidone; while in the assay methods inoculated with fungal spores, the mixture of tebuconazole and tolyfluanid was the most effective in controlling gray mold followed by boscalid, fludioxonil, the mixture of diethofencarb and carbendazim and the mixture of pyrimethanil and chlorothalonil.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.473-479
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• 2015

Background : To control ginseng gray mold, farmers have mainly used inorganic chemical based fungicides. The recent emergence of fungicide resistance has reduced the effectiveness of such control methods. Such pesticides also carry additional problems, such as diffuse pollution. Methods and Results : Six treatments of organic agricultural materials were tested for control of ginseng gray mold, CAPW (Chrysophanic acid + Phytoncide + Wood vinegar), EmEWV (Emodin + Ethanol + Wood vinegar), CEWV (Curcumin + Eugenol + Wood vinegar), Bacillus subtilis, soybean oil and sulfur. The control effect for gray mold by a single application of the agrochemical fungicide industrial Fenhexamid wettable powder (WP) was 84.4%. The control effect by CAPW, EmEWV and CEWV varied between 52.7 - 64.9%. The control effect by B. subtilis, soybean oil, and sulfur were 32.9 - 59.2%. Conclusions : In the field tests, CAPW showed the highest control effects when used before, and at first stage of disease incidence, against ginseng gray mold.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.685-691
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• 2022

Plants produce chemicals of immense diversity that provide great opportunities for development of new antifungal compounds. In search for environment-friendly alternatives to the fungicide of current use, we screened plant extracts obtained from more than eight hundred plant materials collected in Korea for their antifungal activity against the model plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. This initial screening identified antifungal activities from the eleven plant extract samples, among which nine showed reproducibility in the follow-up screening. These nine samples were able to suppress not only M. oryzae but also other fungal pathogens. Interestingly, the plant extracts obtained from Actinostemma lobatum comprised five out of eight samples, and were the most effective in their antifungal activity. We found that butanol fraction of the A. lobatum extract is the most potent. Identification and characterization of antifungal substances in the A. lobatum extracts would provide the promising lead compounds for new fungicide.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.297-301
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• 1996

옥수수 깜부기병균에 대한 살균제 활성검정시 실내 검정과 온실 유묘검정과의 상관정도를 조사하기 위하여 5가지 살균제를 공시하여 실내와 온실에서 깜부기병균에 대한 억제효과를 비교하였다. 실내검정방법으로 사용한 최소생육억제농도법, 저지원법, 소생자발아검정법의 결과는 모두 온실유묘검정에서 얻어진 결과와 상관이 높았으며 특히 저지원법은 유묘검정결과와 매우 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 저지원법과 같은 실내검정방법은 대량의 활성검정시 간이검정방법으로 유용하게 이용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.471-476
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• 1998

A synthesis and the screening of new 2-iminothiazolines (IV) of which structures are modified based on a lead compound, thiazoline for development of new agrochemical fungicide were described. Bromination of acetoacetanilides (I) which were prepared by the reaction of diketene with anilines gave the corresponding ${\gamma}-bromoacetoactanilide\;(II)$. Treatment of II with N-phenyl-N'-methyl thiourea (III) afforded IV, structure of which was confirmed by various spectroscopic methods. Antifungal activity of the new IV was tested against six kinds of typical plant diseases (in vivo). The IV with aromatic substituents showed remarkable activity against the Pyricuraria oryzae at 250 ppm in primary screening. The candidates with control value over 90% in primary screening were selected and further tested for second screening at lower concentrations. The IV which has an electron-withdrawing substituent such as halogen, especially fluorine in aryl group showed a higher activity as compared to those with electron-donating group and meta substituent was for optimal position.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 2002

New 2-benzoylimino-1,3-oxathile derivatives 3 were synthesized and tested their fungicidal activities for the development of new agrochemical fungicide. Reaction of ${\gamma}-chloro-{\beta}-keto$ anilide derivative 5 with potassium thiocyanate followed by the treatment of acid catalyst gave cyclyzed 2-imino-1,3-oxathiole 3. New compound 3 reacted with benzoyl· chlorides to afford the corresponding 2-benzoylimino-1,3-oxathiole derivatives 7. Antifungal screening (in vivo) of the synthesized compounds against typical plant diseases, which include rice blast, rice sheath blight, cucumber gray mold, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew, was carried out. No significant fungicidal activities were shown of the synthesized compounds at 100 mg/l.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

Fungicide resistance of cucumber powdery mildew was screened among the pathogens isolated from diseased plants in main cucumber productuion areas in Gyeonggi Province. Each fungicide from different activity group for the control of powdery mildew were sprayed on cucumber leaves according to application concentration. Each conidia mixed with sterilized water isolated of pathogens were transferred on the cucumber leaf disks treated with each fungicide. At 7 to 9 days after inoculation of pathogen, disease severity was recorded under the microscope. Most of pathogen isolates showed moderate resistance to difenoconazole belonged to DMI group fungicide while some isolates from Osan were resistant even $300{\mu}g/ml$. Isolates from Pyeongtaek, Osan and Yongin area also showed moderate resistance to fenarimol while one isolate showed resistant to fenarimol even $300{\mu}g/ml$. Most of isolates from Pyeongtaek, Osan and Yongin showed highly resistant to azoxystrobin belonged to strobilurin group fungicide. Standard sensitive isolates the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) value for azoxystrobin showed $200{\mu}g/ml$ while resistance isolates showed above $2000{\mu}g/ml$. Resistant isloates also showed cross resistance among strobilurin group fungicides and low control efficacy in the field test. These results suggest that treatment of strobilurin fungicides should be reduced for the control of powdery mildew.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.388-393
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• 2013

This study was conducted to select environmental friendly organic materials for controlling the ginseng alternaria blight and to evaluate their effects from 2011 to 2012. Alternaria blight is caused by Alternaria panax and is the most common ginseng disease in Korea. Environmental friendly organic materials were used to reduce amount of chemical fungicides and the number of spray for control of Ginseng Alternaria leaf blight. In 4 years of ginseng, control value of Alternaria leaf blight by single application of Defenoconazole WP was 82.3% and those of single application was 62.0~75.9%. Consequently, mixed or alternated application of eco-material products could be recommended as a control method to reduce the amount of fungicides.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2001

Using a new evaluation method, Congo red method, the foliar uptakes of eight fungicides were measured. Among the fungicides tested, fenarimol, myclobutanil, edifenphos, isoprothiolane, and tricyclazole were found to be penetrable (11.0~42.8%), and were continuously absorbed into the leaf regardless of their formulation types. Procymidone, dimethomorpb, and ethaboxan were seldomly absorbed into plant leaf. The uptakes of dimethomorph and ethaboxam were facilitated (18.1~22.7%) in the presence of Koremul-OE-20, as an activator, showing plateau phase at 12h after application. Foliar uptake of fenarimol and myclobutanil into cucumber plant by spray application was larger than that by dropping application, while observed opposite in the cases of dimethomorph and ethaboxam containing activator. Congo red method in conjunction with spraying application used in the present study produced the clear results on foliar uptake of fungicides and therefore proved to be better than the conventional method in which the dropping application of pesticide has been used.