• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2017

Background: Red ginseng oil (RGO) is produced by supercritical $CO_2$ extraction of secondary products derived from Korean Red Ginseng extract. As the use of RGO has increased, product safety concerns have become more important. Methods: In the present study, the subacute oral toxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity of RGO were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with RGO for 28 d by gavage. Daily RGO dose concentrations were 0 mg/kg body weight (bw), 500 mg/kg bw, 1,000 mg/kg bw, or 2,000 mg/kg bw per day. Bacterial reverse mutation tests included five bacterial strains (Escherichia coli WP2 and Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537), which were used in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. The plated incorporation method for mutation test was used with RGO concentrations ranging from $312.5{\mu}g$ to $5,000{\mu}g$ per plate. Results: The subacute oral toxicity test results did not reveal any marked changes in clinical characteristics. There were no toxicological changes related to RGO administration in hematological and serum biochemical characteristics in either control or treatment animals. Furthermore, no gross or histopathological changes related to RGO treatment were observed. The bacterial reverse mutation test results did not reveal, at any RGO concentration level and in all bacterial strains, any increase in the number of revertant colonies in the RGO treatment group compared to that in the negative control group. Conclusion: The no-observed-adverse-effect level of RGO is greater than 2,000 mg/kg bw and RGO did not induce genotoxicity related to bacterial reverse mutations.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2015

Facial diagnosis based on quantitative facial features has been studied in many Korean medicine fields, especially in Sasang constitutional medicine. By the rapid growing of 3D measuring technology, generic and cheap 3D sensors, such as Microsoft Kinect, is popular in many research fields. In this study, the possibility of using Kinect in facial diagnosis is examined. We introduce the development of facial feature extraction system and verify its accuracy and repeatability of measurement. Furthermore, we compare Sasang constitution diagnosis results between DSLR-based system and the developed Kinect-based system. A Sasang constitution diagnosis algorithm applied in the experiment was previously developed by a huge database containing 2D facial images acquired by DSLR cameras. Interrater reliability analysis result shows almost perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.818) between the two systems. This means that Kinect can be utilized to the diagnosis algorithm, even though it was originally derived from 2D facial image data. We conclude that Kinect can be successfully applicable to practical facial diagnosis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2000

This study was conducted in order to find an ideal working fluid kind and a proper filling amount in the heat pipe as well as an inclined angle of heat pipe when they are placed to recover exhaust gas heat in the hot air heater. Followings are the findings of this research. 1. Of the four different working fluids-gasoline kerosene distilled water and acetone-acetone filled heat pipe showed the best performance giving out more homogeneous temperature profile on the radiating part than the kerosene and gasoline heat pipe an carrying out heat transmitting function better than the distilled water heat pipe by 10~2$0^{\circ}C$ higher on the radiating part. Acetone would be a good choice for recycling of exhaust gas heat in the hot air heater. 2. Of the filling amount of working fluid inside the heat pipes dry-out situations possible caused by insufficient filling were found in the filling amount of 5, 7.5 and 10% heat pipes as heat supply rate increases gradually in the range of 50 to 15kJ/sec. but no dry-out and stabilized heat transmitting performance occurred in the heat pipes of 12.5 and 15% filling at the same heat supply rate. It recommends that filling amount shall exceed 12.5% at least with the working fluids of this experiment. 3. The test revealed that the heat transmitting performance of heat pipe was more affected by filling amount rather than inclined angle.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

Currently, injuries to customers due to health functional foods are annually increasing. To evaluate the antigenicity of Korean red ginseng mixture (KRGM), we tested for systemic anaphylactic shock and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Based on a comparison of measured body weights, there were no changes in body weight for the KRGM treatment group compared with the control group. In the ovalbumin treated group, however, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight. For the active systemic anaphylaxis test, after the induction, there were no symptoms that suggested anaphylactic shock in the control and KRGM treatment group. In the ovalbumin treated group, there were symptoms that suggested severe anaphylaxis, and those symptoms included restlessness, piloerection, tremor, rubbing or licking the nose, sneezing, coughing, hyperpnea, dyspnea, staggering gait, jumping, gasping and writhing, convulsion, side position and Cheyne-stokes respiration. All animals died within thirty minutes in the ovalbumin treated group. For the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs sensitized to KRGM, each anti-serum was diluted in a stepwise manner. This was followed by an intravenous injection of a mixture of KRGM and Evans blue. The results of the test showed that all the responses were negative in the control and the low-dose and high-dose administration groups. However, in the ovalbumin treated group, all the responses were positive. Based on the above results, there were no anaphylactic responses for up to 12 times the amount of human intake of KRGM in Hartley Guinea-pigs. The results suggest that KRGM is safe as measured by the systemic and local antigenicity in guinea pigs.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2019

As various populations are rapidly becoming an aging society worldwide and interest in health issues has increased, demand for functional foods including herbal products has increased markedly to maintain a healthy state which has led to safety issues about their intake as an inevitable result. The objective of this study was to identify the safety profile of a Korean red ginseng and Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract mixture (KGC-03-PS) which is a valuable ingredient that can be used as a functional food. In the present study, the subacute oral toxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity of KGC-03-PS were evaluated. Sprague Dawley rats were administered KGC-03-PS orally for 28 days by gavage. Daily KGC-03-PS dose concentrations were 0, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. Bacterial reverse mutation test with KGC-03-PS dose levels ranging from 312.5 to $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ was carried out by OECD test guideline No. 471. Five bacterial strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2) were tested in the presence or absence of metabolic activation by plate incorporation method. There were no toxicological effects related with test substance in the clinical evaluation of subacute oral toxicity test including clinical signs, body weight, and food consumption. Moreover, no toxicological changes related to KGC-03-PS were observed in the hematological and serum biochemical characteristics as well as in the pathological examinations, which included organ weight measurements and in the gross- or histopathological findings. KGC-03-PS did not induce an increase in the number of revertant colonies in all bacterial strains of the bacterial reverse mutation test. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of KGC-03-PS is greater than 2,000 mg/kg bw/day, and KGC-03-PS did not induce genotoxicity related to bacterial reverse mutations under the conditions used in this study.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.133-136
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• 2004

We are going to procedure various view from two frontal image using trifocal tensor. We found that warping is effective to produce synthesized poses of a face with the small number of mesh point of a given image in previous research[1]. For this research, fundamental matrix is important to calculate trifocal tensor. So, in this paper, we investigate two existing algorithms: Hartley's[2] and Kanatani's[3]. As an experimental result, Kenichi Kantani's algorithm has better performance of fundamental matrix than Harley's algorithm. Then we use the fundamental matrix of Kenichi Kantani's algorithm to calculate trifocal tensor. From trifocal tensor we calculate new trifocal tensor with rotation input and translation input and we use warping to produce new virtual views.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2008

This study was intended to analyze difference of vocal folds movements between upon wakeup and in several hours later in the morning. The difference of vocal fold movements was compared with fundamental frequency and a range of fundamental frequencies from maximum to minimum. The participants were 30 female adults between 20 and 29 years old. Voice samples were collected from their reading sentence (Jeong, 1993). The first sampling was conducted within 5 minutes after wakeup, while the second on 1 hour after the first sampling. Finally, the third voice sample was collected on 6 hours after the second sampling. The results of this study were as follows: First, fundamental frequency of the participants were by hour significantly time-dependent(F=7.843). Post-hoc multiple comparison (LSD) was conducted to determine when the difference could be observed. The result showed significant differences between upon wakeup and 6 hours later (p< .001) and between 1 hour later and 6 hours later (p< .05). Second, there were a significantly time-dependent ranges of fundamental frequencies of participants by hour (F=3.130). According to the results of the LSD analysis the significant differences in range of fundamental frequencies were found between upon wakeup and 1 hour later and also between wakeup and 6 hours later (p< .05). The results above indicate that vocal fold movements upon wakeup is different from those of several hours later.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2015

We use multi-wavelength observations of galaxy groups to probe the formation models for galaxy formation in cosmological simulations, statistically. The observations include Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations, optical photometry and radio observations at 1.4 GHz and 610 MHz. Using a large sample of galaxy groups observed by the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope as part of the XMM-Large Scale Survey, we carried out a statistical study of the redshift evolution of the luminosity gap for a well defined mass-selected group sample and show the relative success of some of the semi-analytic models in reproducing the observed properties of galaxy groups up to redshift z ~ 1.2. The observed trend argues in favour of a stronger evolution of the feedback from active galactic nuclei at z < 1 compared to the models. The slope of the relation between the magnitude of the brightest cluster galaxy and the value of the luminosity gap does not evolve with redshift and is well reproduced by the models. We find that the radio power of giant elliptic galaxies residing in galaxy groups with a large luminosity gap are lower compared to giant ellipticals of the same stellar masses but in typical galaxy groups.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.342-345
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• 2014

An active frequency doubler monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) for E-band transceiver applications is presented in this letter. This MMIC has been fabricated in a commercial $0.1-{\mu}m$ GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) process on a 2-mil thick substrate wafer. The fabricated MMIC chip has been measured to have a high output power performance of over 13 dBm with a high fundamental leakage suppression of more than 38 dBc in the frequency range of 71 to 86 GHz under an input signal condition of 10 dBm. A microstrip coupled line is used at the output circuit of the doubler section to implement impedance matching and simultaneously enhance the fundamental leakage suppression. The fabricated chip is has a size of $2.5mm{\times}1.2mm$.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

기업발전에 있어 R&D부문의 연구개발과 그에 따른 기술개발에 대한 중요도는 그 기업의 장래까지 결정하는 대단히 중요한 고려사항임을 감안할 때 R&D에 대한 투자 및 전략적인 우선권부여는 절대적이라 하겠다. 이 글에서는 무엇보다도 제품기술개발에 대한 기업내의 각 부문별 시너지 전략, 품질전략, 제품관련이론전략, 및 관련마케팅전략등의 중요성에 대해 재인식하고 기업에 있어 무한경쟁시대의 21세기를 준비하는데 보탬이 되고자 한다.